REYNOLDS APPARATUS AIM: ‘* To study the Laminar, turbulent and transition flow. * To determine the Reynolds Number. Theory ‘The Reynolds number R. is the ratio of inertial force per unit volume to the viscous force Per unit volume i.e vb Depending upon the value of R flow can be Laminar and turbulent, the value of Reynold’s number corresponding to different flow is as below R. < 2000. The flow is Laminar Re is between 2000 to 4000 flow is in transition state R, .4000 the flow is turbulent The velocity at which the flow changes from Laminar to turbulent is called the upper critical velocity and the velocity at which is called the lower critical velocity. The behaviour of the dye filament with the increasing velocity of flow is shown in figure. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The apparatus of a perpex tube of dia meter 2.5 em connected to supply tank. A valve is fitted by which the rate of flow can be controlled. A discharge measuring tank is fitted to calculate the discharge. A dye container is fitted and arrangement is made to introduce a fine stream of dye Scanned with CamScannerPROCEDURE Fill the tank with water. Open the control valve slowly so that the jet of dye flow uniformly through the tube ie. Laminar flow. Calculate the discharge and also calculate the Reynold number. Increase the flow of water slowly to calculate the Reynold number at the transition state and turbulent flow, Also see the mode of flow of dye in the tube. pVd = = 10° min . = 10° x 100 x 100/hr = 107 cm*/hr vd Re 1 V = vel. Of fluid d= Diameter of Tube Scanned. with CamScanner—OBSERVATION Sump Tank = 30X30X 90cm ‘Area of Measuring Tank A=30cm x 30cm = 900 cm* Dia of Glass of Tube d = 250m cae ‘Area of Acrylic transparent of Tube a pera = 4.90. cm? R, <2000 = Laminar R, inbetween 2000 to 4000 = Transition stage R. > 4000 and-above = Turbulent CALCULATION READING FOR LAMINAR Area of measuring tank (A) =30cmx30cm = 900.cm* Diameter of Acrylic pipe di =2.5em Area of Acrylic pipe a = x d;"/4 9m? Re < 2000 = Laminar Re in between 2000 to 4000 ransition stage Re > 4000 and above = Turbulent Re =(pVd/y) n/p=10% Reynold = (Vel xdx 10°) Reynold = Velocity x d x 100 900 x (63-5) Scanned with CamScannerReynold = Velocity x d x 100 = 3.98x25x 100 =995 (Laminar ) CALCULATION READING FOR TRANSITION STAGE Area of measuring tank (A) =30cmx30cm = 900 cm* Diameter of Acrylic pipe d, 5m Area of Acrylic pipe a = x di7/4. Re < 2000 =4.9cm? = Laminar Re in between 2000 to 4000 ransition stage Re > 4000 and above vurbulent. Re =(pVd/y) | y= n/p= 10% Reynold = (Vel xx 10") Reynold = Velocity x d x 100 900 x (8.3-5) Reynold = Velocity x d x 100 = 10,1x2.5x100 =2525 ( Transition Stage) Scanned with CamScannerCALCULATION READING FOR TURBULENT ‘Area of measuring tank (A) =30cmx30cm = 900m? Diameter of Acrylic pipe dy =2.5cm ‘Area of Acrylic pipe a= dx'/4 = 4.9m? Re < 2000 = (aminar Re in between 2000 to 4000 = Transition stage Re > 4000 and above = Turbulent Re =(pVd/1) = p/p=10" Reynold = (Vel xdx 10°) Reynold = Velocity x d x 100 Reynold = Velocity x d x 100 = 22.4x2.5x100 =5510 ( Turbulant)