GROUP 7

MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS

QUIAPO, AIREEN
MOTOL, MICHAEL
MAIN SWITCH BOARDS & PANEL BOARDS
SWITCH BOARD
• A switchboard is freestanding and usually provides front and rear access.

• It has a framework to which are mounted the bussing, overcurrent devices and instrum
ents, and it is completed with covers over the live parts.
MAIN SWITCH BOARDS & PANEL BOARDS

PANEL BOARD

• Panel board are assemblies that are instal

led within a cabinet or enclosure.

• They consist of an enclosure, an interior s

ection (bussing), a breaker section and tri
m, which is the cover or door.
WHAT IS COMMON BETWEEN SWITCHBOARD
AND PANELBOARD?

• They each serve as a distribution point for incoming power sources to be divided and fed to
multiple circuits.

• They each house some form of overcurrent device and therefore must be readily accessible.

• They each must be rated for the environment that we install them in; for example indoors, out
doors, or perhaps a hazardous location.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION,
OPERATION, AND CARE OF PANELBOARDS
MOUNTING THE CABINET

• The Cabinet should be installed, leveled up

and securely fastened to the mounting surface

fastened to the mounting surface, utilizing all

the mounting holes provided in the

panelboard cabinet.

• Conduits can then be installed in the walls of

the box through conduit openings or

knock-outs provided for that purpose.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION,
OPERATION, AND CARE OF PANELBOARDS
THE PANELBOARD INTERIOR

• The panelboard interior should be kept in a cl

ean, dry, normal temperature location always
before installation.

• The interior should then be installed and secu

red in place in the cabinet with the mounting
means provided.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION,
OPERATION, AND CARE OF PANELBOARDS
PANELBOARD FRONTS OR TRIMS

• The panelboard front is shipped in packing desig

ned to protect the front from damage during ship
ment and handling.

• Care should be used in unpacking the panelboard

front, and before installing, any part of the paint
or other protective finish of the panelboard front
which might have been given to properly aligning
and adjusting the cabinet front, both with the bui
lding and the panelboard interior before tightenin
g the panelboard front securing means.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION,
OPERATION, AND CARE OF PANELBOARDS
DIRECTORY

• Panelboards are provided with cardholders or

directories to designate the loads controlled b
y the various panelboard circuits.

• These directories or cardholders should be pr

operly and neatly filled out, to permit ready lo
cation or circuit loads controlled by the panel
board.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION,
OPERATION, AND CARE OF PANELBOARDS
CARE AND MAINTENANCE

• Proper maintenance of panelboards requires p

eriodic inspections.

• Periodic inspection should be made to see tha

t the panelboard is kept clean, free from dirt a
nd moisture.
MAIN SWITCH BOARDS & PANEL BOARDS
MAIN SWITCHBOARD (MSB)
• It is used for receiving, measuring and distribution of electrical energy and protects the
network from overload, short-circuit and current leak.
IMPORTANCE OF MAIN SWITCHBOARD

• MSB is an important and responsible part of the electricity network. Considering industrial req
uirements and correctly choosing devices main switchboard helps to avoid power loss and do
wntimes in production.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PANELS THAT
BELONGS TO MAIN SWITCH BOARD
SECTIONAL PANELS

• Sectional panel includes circuit breaker which

provides power supply from one input to seve
ral sections.

• Sectional panels can be equipped with autom

atic source change over systems, which provid
e uninterrupted power supply and guarantee s
tability of all system.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PANELS THAT
BELONGS TO MAIN SWITCH BOARD
LINEAR PANELS

• Linear panels are used to distribute load betw

een incoming lines.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PANELS THAT
BELONGS TO MAIN SWITCH BOARD
INCOMER PANELS

• In the incomer panels are mounted circuit bre

akers which are connected to transformers.

• Also incomer panels are equipped with energy

meters for measuring energy consumption.
MAINTENANCE OF MOTOR & CONTROL
AUXILIARIES

• Maintenance of Electric Motor

• Maintenance of Control Drives
• Maintenance of Auxiliary Drive
ELECTRIC MOTOR MAINTENANCE

• Maintain high insulation resistance at all time and measure the insulation resistance by megger regula
rly.

• Keep the bearings lubricated properly and change the bearings at the recommended intervals.

• Maintain a uniform air gap.

• Keep the motor clean and dry always.

MAINTENANCE OF CONTROL DRIVE

• Change desiccant dryers when the color changes from blue to pink.

• Change corrosion inhibitors every year.

• Use electrical seal-offs when wiring your control panel.

• Keep gas, and water out of the control panel.

• Make sure the door is straight, not bent, and closed at all times.

• Plug, or seal-off any holes in the control panel.

MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

• Health Check Programs

• Annual Maintenance Contracts

• Component Servicing

• Injector and Fuel pump Calibration Work

• Minor and Major Overhauls

MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

HEALTH CHECK PROGRAMS

• As per the Cummins guidelines, health check programs are carried out to check peak cylinder pressur
e, oil consumption, exhaust gas analysis to provide remedial measures if any on the engine and therea
fter issue fit for the purpose usage certificates.
MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS

• Customized annual maintenance contracts can be catered to any customer.

• Standard programs include scheduled periodic checks with and without part depending upon custome
r’s need.
MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

COMPONENT SERVICING

• Components that range from exhaust valves to crankshafts having more than one service life are servi
ced.
MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

INJECTOR AND FUEL PUMP CALIBRATION WORK

• In-house periodic calibration of injector and pump to ensure smooth spray at desired pressure to crea
te the perfect burn times.

• Top end overhauls most commonly called as minor overhauls, major overhauls of the engines and alte
rnators are done in the controlled environment of the workshop.
MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY DRIVE

MINOR AND MAJOR OVERHAULS

• Top end overhauls most commonly called as minor overhauls, major overhauls of the engines and alte
rnators are done in the controlled environment of the workshop.
MAINTENANCE OF UNINTERRUPTIBLE
POWER SUPPLIES (UPS) SYSTEMS
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

• One of the most critical elements of a data

center’s infrastructure

• A device that provides emergency power

to a facility if the primary power source

fails

• Without a UPS of some kind in place,

facilities will be vulnerable to costly

downtime incidents that can negatively

impact business operations

5 Keys to UPS System Maintenance
Make a Schedule (and Keep To It)

• Taking a proactive approach to servicing and maintaining an uninterruptible power supply is

the first step toward protecting a data center from a system downtime event by keeping its

servers up and running

• Backup systems should be inspected on a regular basis to ensure that every aspect of the UPS
, including the static bypass circuit, the rectifier, the inverter, and the battery itself, is functioni
ng properly
5 Keys to UPS System Maintenance
Create Documentation

• Performing regular inspections according to clearly defined protocols creates a good foundati
on for documentation

• These records can help data center personnel to evaluate the life expectancy of different UPS
components and identify when failures or other problems have occurred

• This removes much of the guesswork out of maintenance and provides a far more accurate pi
cture of UPS performance than a simple pass/fail inspection
5 Keys to UPS System Maintenance
Inspect Batteries Closely

• It’s important to inspect batteries carefully during maintenance to ensure data center redunda
ncy

• Visual inspections, voltage testing, and thermal scans should all be utilized to make an accurat
e assessment of battery health
5 Keys to UPS System Maintenance
Check the UPS Environment

• While UPS system maintenance itself is important, other environmental factors may cause it to
perform below expectations in the event of a power disruption

• Ensuring that a UPS is stored in a clean, controlled environment is a simple but effective step

in the maintenance process

5 Keys to UPS System Maintenance
Perform Regular Load Bank Testing

• Physical inspections are important, but no UPS maintenance process is complete without load
bank testing to find out how well the system performs when it’s needed most

• A load bank test simulates a power disruption by connecting the uninterruptible power suppl
y to an electrical load that matches the load it would need to support in a real outage
MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL
SUBSTATIONS
Electrical General Services Substation

• A distribution substation from which elec

tric supply is distributed to the different
users

• Maintenance of a substation is essential t

o ensure un-interrupted electric supply to
the using points which involves vigilance,
care and well-defined scheme of procedu
res
TIPS FOR IMPROVING MAINTENANCE
Transformer

• The principal object of transformer maintenan

ce is to maintain the insulation in good condit
ion

• Moisture, dust and excessive heat are the mai

n reasons of insulation deterioration and avoi
dance of these will keep insulation in good co
ndition
TIPS FOR IMPROVING MAINTENANCE
Circuit Breakers

• Circuit breakers usually need more frequent a

nd more prolonged maintenance

• In general, for maintenance of CB the instructi

ons of manufacturer should be followed
TIPS FOR IMPROVING MAINTENANCE
Air Brake Switch/ Isolators

• During maintenance, insulators are cleaned with lint less cloth slightly soaked in gasoline. The conditio
ns of all contacts are checked and on detecting any trace of burning, defective contacts are cleaned or
replaced with new ones.

• The operating mechanism of isolator is checked by closing and opening each isolator several times wi
th the line deenergized

• When adjusting the mechanical part of 3 phase isolators, the switch blades are checked for simultane
ous closing isolator blades are checked for ease of engagement with fixed contact jaw

• Isolator contacts must make a close fit in order to avoid excessive heating when closed
SERVICING OF AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENTS
AND PERIPHERALS
Peripherals

• Within the context of personal computi

ng, the term "peripheral" refers to devic
es that connect to computers through e
xternal ports, such as printers, audio sp
eakers, web cameras, routers, modems,
card readers and exterior hard drives

• Proper maintenance of computer periph

erals varies widely by type and should b
e performed as recommended by the

manufacturer
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Update the device firmware every 6 months

• The term firmware refers to the software program used by the device's components to communicate
with the network and perform the various tasks required to accomplish its primary function.

• Manufacturers are continually offering firmware updates for computer peripherals that can significantl
y enhance the performance of any peripheral device.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Clean peripheral devices as needed

• Dirt, dust and debris can impact the performance of peripheral devices

1. Power down the device and disconnect it from the computer prior to cleaning. Neglecting to do so c
ould cause damage to peripheral devices.

2. Use a can of compressed air to blow off dust particles and other debris from the exterior of the devic
e.

3. Use a damp paper towel to wipe away any dust particles that remain after using the compressed air.
Use a cotton swab lightly dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove grime and dirt from inside cracks, sea
ms and other hard to reach places.

4. Use a microfiber cloth to clean LCD displays, camera lenses and device control panels.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Follow the recommended maintenance schedule as directed by the
manufacturer
• This information can typically be found in the operating manual included with documentation
that came with the device at the time of purchase.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Adhere to the manufacturer's recommended best practices for use

• Power down or turn off the device when not in use. It is almost always recommended to turn off perip
heral devices when not being used. When left on, devices, such as printers and hard drives, will wear
out much more quickly.

• Protect peripheral devices from moisture and extreme heat. Stacking devices, placing them too close

to other devices or heat sources and storing devices in moist or humid environments can cause

significant damage.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Use the recommended device settings

• Follow the operating instructions specific to the task the device is being used for.

• For example, when printing photos from a multi-function printer, confirm that you are using the corre
ct settings and media as recommended by the manufacturer.

• Likewise, remember to change the settings back before printing regular documents.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Use only the type and quality of media recommended by the
device manufacturer
• Peripheral devices are designed to work with specific types of media.

• Attempting to use media other than that recommended by the manufacturer can seriously damage th
e device and often will void any warranties.
MAINTAINING PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Keep device media in a well protected, low traffic area

• Device media is easily damaged. Media like memory cards, disks, ink cartridges and paper sho
uld be stored in a cool, clean, dry space.