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2. Prove that by giving a containment proof (that is, prove that the left
side is a subset of the right side and that the right side is a subset of the left side).
Ans: : Let . x A B x A or or
. Reversing the steps shows that .
Ans: .
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6. Prove that A (B C) (A B) (A C) by giving a containment proof (that is,
prove that the left side is a subset of the right side and that the right side is a subset of the
left side).
Ans: A (B C) (A B) (A C): Let x A (B C). x A and x B C
x A and x B, or x A and x C x (A B) (A C). Reversing the
steps gives the opposite containment.
Ans:
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10. Prove or disprove: if A, B, and C are sets, then A (B C) (A B) (A C).
Ans: False. For example, let A 12, B 1, C 2.
Use a Venn diagram to determine which relationship, , =, , is true for the pair of sets.
12. A B, A (B A).
Ans: .
13. A (B C), (A B) C.
Ans: .
15. (A C) (B C), A B.
Ans: .
In the questions below determine whether the given set is the power set of some set. If the set is
a power set, give the set of which it is a power set.
16. aaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaa.
Ans: Yes aaa.
17. a.
Ans: Yes, a.
18. aa.
Ans: No, it lacks .
19. aa.
Ans: Yes, a.
20. a.
Ans: No, it lacks a and .
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21. Prove that for all sets S and T.
Ans: Since (De Morgan's law), the complements are equal.
In the questions below mark each statement TRUE or FALSE. Assume that the statement
applies to all sets.
22. A (B C) (A B) C.
Ans: False
23. (A C) (B C) A B.
Ans: False
24. A (B C) (A B) (A C).
Ans: True
25. A (B C) (A B) (A C).
Ans: False
26. .
Ans: True
27. If A C B C, then A B.
Ans: False
28. If A C B C, then A B.
Ans: False
29. If A B A B, then A B.
Ans: True
30. If A B A, then B A.
Ans: False
32. A A A.
Ans: False
33. Find three subsets of 123456789 such that the intersection of any two has size 2
and the intersection of all three has size 1.
Ans: For example, {1,2,3}, {2,3,4}, {1,3,4}.
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34. Find
Ans: [-1,1].
35. Find ( ).
Ans:
36. Find [ ].
Ans: {1}.
37. Find ( ).
Ans:
38. Suppose U = {1, 2, ..., 9}, A = all multiples of 2, B = all multiples of 3, and C = {3, 4, 5,
6, 7}. Find C - (B - A).
Ans: {4,5,6,7}.
In the questions below suppose A xy and B xx. Mark the statement TRUE or
FALSE
40. x B.
Ans: False
41. P(B).
Ans: True
42. x A B.
Ans: False
43. P(A) 4.
Ans: True
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Use the following to answer questions 44-51:
In the questions below suppose A abc. Mark the statement TRUE or FALSE.
46. A.
Ans: True
48. A A.
Ans: True
49. ac A.
Ans: True
50. ab A A.
Ans: False
51. (cc) A A.
Ans: True
In the questions below suppose A 12345. Mark the statement TRUE or FALSE.
54. A.
Ans: True
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56. P(A).
Ans: True
57. 24 A A.
Ans: False
59. (11) A A.
Ans: True
61. Find F R.
Ans: 07Ann09Bill09Fran06Olive07Tom.
62. Find F R.
Ans: 04Ann01Bill08Fran03Olive05Tom.
In the questions below, suppose A abc and B bc. Mark the statement TRUE or
FALSE
63. c A B.
Ans: True
65. P(B).
Ans: True
66. B A.
Ans: False
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67. c B.
Ans: False
68. ab A A.
Ans: False
71. A A.
Ans: True
In the questions below determine whether the set is finite or infinite. If the set is finite, find its
size.
75. 1357….
Ans: Infinite.
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80. x x N and 4x2 8 0.
Ans: 0.
83. 1101001000….
Ans: Infinite.
86. Prove that between every two rational numbers ab and cd
(a) there is a rational number.
(b) there are an infinite number of rational numbers.
Ans: (a) Assume . Then .
midpoint of ..
In the questions below determine whether the rule describes a function with the given domain
and codomain.
88. f N N where .
Ans: Not a function; f(2) is not an integer.
89. h R R where .
Ans: Function.
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90. g N N where g(n) any integer n.
Ans: Not a function; g(1) has more than one value.
91. F R R where .
Ans: Not a function; F(5) not defined.
92. F Z R where .
Ans: Function.
93. F Z Z where .
Ans: Not a function; F(1) not an integer.
94. G R R where
Ans: Not a function; the cases overlap. For example, G(1) is equal to both 3 and 0.
95. f R R where
Ans:
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100. Give an example of a function f N Z that is both 1-1 and onto Z.
Ans: f(n)
Ans:
Ans:
105. Suppose f Z Z has the rule f(n) 3n2 1. Determine whether f is 1-1.
Ans: No.
107. Suppose f N N has the rule f(n) 3n2 1. Determine whether f is 1-1.
Ans: Yes.
108. Suppose f N N has the rule f(n) 4n2 1. Determine whether f is onto N.
Ans: No.
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109. Suppose f R R where f(x) x2.
(a) Draw the graph of f.
(b) Is f 1-1?
(c) Is f onto R?
Ans: (a)
(b) No.
(c) No.
111. Determine whether f is a function from the set of all bit strings to the set of integers if f(S)
is the position of a 1 bit in the bit string S.
Ans: No; there may be no 1 bits or more than one 1 bit.
112. Determine whether f is a function from the set of all bit strings to the set of integers if f(S)
is the number of 0 bits in S.
Ans: Yes.
113. Determine whether f is a function from the set of all bit strings to the set of integers if f(S)
is the largest integer i such that the ith bit of S is 0 and f(S) 1 when S is the empty string
(the string with no bits).
Ans: No; f not defined for the string of all 1's, for example S 11111.
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115. Suppose f R Z where f(x) 2x 1.
(a) Draw the graph of f.
(b) Is f 1-1? (Explain)
(c) Is f onto Z? (Explain)
Ans: (a)
(b) No.
(c) Yes.
Ans: (a)
(b) No.
(c) No.
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118. Suppose g R R where .
120. Prove or disprove: For all positive real numbers x and y, x y x y.
Ans: False: x y 15.
121. Prove or disprove: For all positive real numbers x and y, x y x y.
Ans: True: , ; therefore ; since is an integer at
least as great as xy, then .
124. Find f g.
Ans: (12)(23)(33)(42).
125. Find g f.
Ans: (11)(21)(32)(41).
126. Find g g.
Ans: (12)(24)(34)(41).
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Use the following to answer questions 128-131:
128. Find f g.
Ans: (110)(28)(310)(48).
132. Find f g.
Ans: (a3)(b8)(c2)(d3).
134. For any function f A B, define a new function g P(A) P(B) as follows: for every S
A, g(S) f(x) x S. Prove that f is onto if and only if g is onto.
Ans: Suppose f is onto. Let T P(B) and let S x A f(x) T. Then g(S) T, and g
is onto. If f is not onto B, let y B f(A). Then there is no subset S of A such that
g(S) y.
In the questions below find the inverse of the function f or else explain why the function has no
inverse.
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137. f R R where f(x) 3x 5.
Ans: .
142. Suppose f R R and g R R where g(x) 2x 1 and g f(x) 2x 11. Find the
rule for f.
Ans: f(x) x 5.
In the questions below for each partial function, determine its domain, codomain, domain of
definition, set of values for which it is undefined or if it is a total function:
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148. For the partial function f Z Z R defined by , determine its
domain, codomain, domain of definition, and set of values for which it is undefined or
whether it is a total function.
Ans: Z Z, R, (mn) m n or m n, (mn) m n or m n.
In the questions below find a formula that generates the following sequence a1a2a3….
150. 59131721….
Ans: an 4n 1.
151. 33333….
Ans: an 3.
152. 1520253035….
Ans: an 5(n 2).
153. 109080706….
Ans: an 1 (n 1)10.
154. 113151719….
Ans: an 1(2n 1).
155. 2,0,2,0,2,0,2,....
Ans: an 1( 1)n+1.
156. 0,2,0,2,0,2,0,....
Ans: an 1 + ( 1)n.
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159. Find the sum 2 4 8 16 32 228.
Ans: .
163. Find
Ans: -84.
164. Find
Ans: 25.
165. Rewrite so that the index of summation has lower limit 0 and upper limit 7.
Ans:
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