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TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Remember the good old days, when you could
have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends
about things that didn’t matter that much — times
when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United
soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of
Manchester?
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like
when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face
mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you
see that one of your friends has just tweeted that,
actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re
feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about
your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective
pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try
to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of
culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are
to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political
and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst
has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in
which people approach contentious issues. Those of
us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably
related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those
more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an
issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a
decoupler might consider in isolation the question of
whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a
virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see
the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of
factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and
parental choice.
2. ______________________
Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs,
especially concerning moral and social issues, such
that when we’re presented with facts that contradict
our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts,
rather than update our beliefs.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S.,
analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum
where users post their views on an issue and invite
others to persuade them to change their mind. The
researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic,
people were more likely to change their mind when
confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our
work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-
won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s
arguments can convince people to change their
minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all
try to be more respectful of and attentive to each
other’s positions. We should do this not just for
virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that
kind of a climate, the more open-minded and
intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And
then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more
constructive disagreements — even in our present
very difficult times.
(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020.
Adaptado.)
1. No trecho do último parágrafo “we will all be
inclined to be”, o termo sublinhado indica uma
a) decisão.
b) necessidade.
c) certeza.
d) possibilidade.
e) sugestão.
2. Read the dialogue below.
John: "I am about to fall asleep. I need to stay awake!"
Katie: "I __________ you some coffee."
Complete the dialogue with the right option.
a) 'll go
b) 'm going get
c) 'll get
d) 'm go get to
e) 'll to go to get
3. Choose the best alternative to complete the
dialogue.
Jane: Hi Susan, how are you doing?
Susan: Everything is Okay!
Jane: Do you have any plans for this weekend?
Susan: Not sure… I __________ probably give a party
this weekend.
Jane: Cool!
a) am going to
b) am going
c) will be
d) will
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
The Skills You Need To Succeed In 2020
By Avil Beckford – Aug 6, 2018.
The World Economic Forum reports that you
need ten skills to thrive in 2020: complex problem
solving; critical thinking; creativity; people
management; coordinating with others; emotional
intelligence; judgement and decision making; service
orientation; negotiation; cognitive flexibility.
The ten skills on this list make sense for the
age that we are living in. Of these, you want to focus
on creative work, because that is where you are likely
to remain employable. Every professional can be
creative in the work she does.
You might have started to realize that you will
need more than the ten skills listed earlier. Alvin Toffler
once said, “The illiterate of the 21st century will not be
those who cannot read and write, but those who
cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.”
In some instances, relearning could be
adapting what you know to a new reality. Take cell
phones as an example. When they first came out, they
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were used solely as communications devices.
Convergence happened, and now our smartphones
are minicomputers. People had to relearn how to use a
phone.
In terms of work, you will have to adapt some
of your skills to the jobs of the future, and you will also
have to learn new skills. Here are some of the
additional skills that you will need to succeed in 2020.
Learning how to learn. Since skills are
constantly changing, you have to learn how to learn.
Analyzing information. When you take good
and detailed notes, you can review them to pick out the
big ideas, understand, and make sense of information.
Spotting patterns and trends. I recommend
that you combine ideas from the different books that
you read. By doing this, you may be able to spot ideas
and trends.
Communicating – written and oral. You can
combine ideas that once seemed unrelated to
communicate them to influencers, who can help you to
shape and implement them.
Understanding and leveraging technology.
Technology is changing at an unprecedented pace, so
you need to understand and keep on top of it.
<https://tinyurl.com/y7pahnqf> Acesso em: 15.10.2018.
Adaptado.
4. Na oração In terms of work, you will have to adapt
some of your skills to the jobs of the future, and you
will also have to learn new skills, presente no quinto
parágrafo do texto, a expressão will have to indica
a) opção.
b) proibição.
c) obrigação.
d) permissão.
e) possibilidade.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Recent Human Adaptations
Human populations live in an extraordinary
variety of different habitats: hot and cold, wet and dry;
in forests, grasslands and tundra. Different human
groups feed on a wide variety of food sources. For
many populations, diets shifted further with the
development of agriculture in the past 10,000 years. To
what extent have these and other factors led to genetic
adaptation?
1 Human populations differ in various
phenotypes – observable characteristics that result
from interactions between genes and the environment
–, 2but scientific studies have shown that phenotypic
differences have a genetic basis and are adaptive. For
example, mammals that live in cold climates tend to
have larger, rounder bodies and shorter limbs than
members of the same or closely related species in
warm climates. 3These patterns do appear to also hold
in humans, implying that population movements into
colder climates were accompanied by adaptation to
larger, stockier body shape, presumably to improve
thermal efficiency. At the other end of the spectrum is
the pygmy phenotype that has evolved in rainforest
populations in Africa, South-East Asia and South
America. Research has suggested that 4this phenotype
may be an adaptation to food limitations, high humidity
or dense forest undergrowth.
Another impressive example of adaptation is
provided by human populations living at high altitude,
especially in the Himalayas and the Andes. Compared
to related lowland populations, 5these high-elevation
populations show a group of physiological adaptations
to low oxygen. These adaptations include markedly
increased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the uterus
during pregnancy, substantially reducing the risk of
babies with low birthweight. 6 Current evidence
suggests that these differences are not simply the
result of recent acclimation, but are at least partly
genetic. If this is the case, then 7the adaptation must
have occurred rapidly, because 8these high altitude
regions were settled within the last 10,000 years.
9Skin pigmentation is perhaps the phenotype
that varies most obviously among human populations.
10Dark pigmentation is strongly associated with
tropical climates, and the spread of prehistoric humans
into northern latitudes was accompanied by a shift to
lighter skin color. We now know of at least half a dozen
different genes that affect skin, hair or eye
pigmentation. In particular, the evolution of light skin
color occurred largely in parallel in western Eurasia
and east Asia, but we still know few of the relevant
genes in east Asia. Adaptation to lighter pigmentation
may have been motivated by a need to increase UV
absorption for vitamin D synthesis at high latitudes or
by sexual selection.
These are only a few cases of genetic
adaptation. There are surely some – perhaps many –
other 11factors yet to be found.
sciencedirect.com
5. factors yet to be found. (ref. 11)
The expression yet to be found is used to represent
an action which:
a) will happen
b) is occurring
c) has finished
d) was interrupted
6. Which is the correct way to complete the text
below?
You can now edit and format your Google Docs by
voice
About six months ago, Google __________
voice typing for Google Docs on the web __________
you to dictate your text into a document. Today it’s
taking this feature a step further by also allowing you to
edit and format your text by voice, too.
This __________ you can now say think like
“select all”, “align center”, “bold”, “got to end of line”, or
“increase font size” and Google Docs __________ and
follow your commands. You can find a full list of
available commands here […].
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(http://techcrunch.com//2016/02/2014/you-can-now-
edit-and-format-your-goole-docs-by-voice/)
a) has introduced – to allow – means – understanding
b) introduces – allowed – meant – has understood
c) has introduced – to allow – is meaning – understood
d) introduced – to allow – means – will understand
e) introduced – allowed – meant – understand
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia a tira para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir.
7. O trecho do segundo quadrinho – I’m going to –
introduz uma
a) possibilidade.
b) dúvida.
c) resolução.
d) condição.
e) obrigação.
8. I'm sorry, but I _____ able to meet you for lunch
tomorrow.
a) haven't been
b) can't be
c) don't be
d) won't be
e) wasn't
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
TEXT 1
While global warming is being ignored by the
political arm of the Bush administration, the citizens of
Europe and the Pentagon are taking a new look at the
greatest danger such climate change could produce for
the northern hemisphere - a sudden change into a new
ice age.
What they're finding is not at all comforting: if
enough cold, fresh water coming from the melting polar
ice caps and glaciers of Greenland and flowing into the
northern Atlantic will shut down the Gulf Stream,
1which keeps Europe and northeastern North America
warm. The worst case scenario would be a return of
the last ice age in 2 to 3 years and the mid case
scenario would be a period like the "little ice age" of a
few centuries ago that disrupted worldwide weather
patterns leading to extremely cold winters,
desertification, crop failures and wars.
The warmth is the result of ocean currents that
bring warm surface water up from the equator into
northern regions that would otherwise be so cold that
even in summer they'd be covered with ice. The
current of greatest concern is called "The Great
Conveyor Belt," which includes the Gulf Stream. 3It is
driven by the greater force created by differences in
water temperatures and salinity, 2as the North Atlantic
Ocean is saltier and colder than the Pacific. If it
stopped flowing today, the result would be sudden and
dramatic. Winter would start in the eastern half of
North America and all of Europe and Siberia, and
never go away. Within three years, those regions
would become uninhabitable and nearly two billion
humans would starve, freeze to death, or have to
relocate.
And when might that happen? Nobody knows -
the action of the Great Conveyor Belt in defining ice
ages was discovered only in the last decade.
Preliminary computer models and scientists suggest
the change could happen as early as next year, or it
may be generations from now. It may be starting right
now, producing the extremes of weather we've seen in
the past few years. What's almost certain is that if
nothing is done about global warming, it 4will happen
sooner 5rather than later.
(Speak Up edição 206 - julho/2004. Adapted.)
9. The word "will" (ref. 4) conveys the idea of
a) possibility.
b) obligation.
c) certainty.
d) condition.
10. Indicate the alternative that best completes the
following sentences.
A - "_______ to the movies alone?
B - Yes, but I wish you _______ with me."
a) Will you go - had come
b) Are you going - could come
c) Have you gone - were
d) Would you go - come
e) Should you go - had come
11. Indicate the alternative that best completes the
following sentence.
"Julia isn't going to London. _________ you going
_________?"
a) Aren't - either
b) Aren't - too
c) Are - neither
d) Are - either
e) Are - too
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
American News
POLITICS
(...) Less than a month after being thrust into the role of
Senate Majority Leader, Daschle has brushed past the
objections of President Bush...
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FLASH POINTS IN THE SENATE
1 Experience all this and more on the internet at
Democrats hope to capitalize on public
disenchantment with the Bush energy plan by
introducing one with greater emphasis on
conservation, energy efficiency, and tax credits to
promote green technology.
2 everyone
Senate Dems will try to force Bush to accept a broader,
more expensive package of prescription benefits for
seniors. Showdown issue: who shall run the program -
the Medicare system or states and private insures?
3
Daschle and Bush are both free-traders, however, a
fast-track bill without provisions to protect the
environment or international labor standards - like one
backed by House Republicans - will face trouble.
4
The Bushies and Senate Democrats have reached an
uneasy truce in the war over federal judgeships. But
expect a fight if Daschle concludes that the White
House is trying to pack the judiciary with conservative
activists.
Business Week (adapted) July 16, 2001.
12. Qual das expressões a seguir, extraídas do texto,
NÃO indica expectativa/ação futura?
a) hope to capitalize. (1)
b) shall run. (2)
c) will face. (3)
d) expect a fight. (4)
e) is trying to pack. (4)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
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(London Review of Books. April 1, 1999)
13. No texto, a forma verbal em YOU'LL indica
a) hábito.
b) futuro.
c) necessidade.
d) permissão.
e) vontade.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Battling the Bloodlines
1 It's the small things the Brazilians do that
annoy some Japanese in Toyota City. The immigrants
don't throw their garbage where they are supposed to.
They gather outside and play loud music at night. They
play a strange card game that involves yelling "Truco!"
at the top of their lungs. To Japanese in one densely
populated public housing complex, it feels as if the
foreigners are closing in on them, the smoke from the
barbecues suffocating them, the Latin music drowning
out an imagined tranquility. Ten years ago there were
200 Brazilians in the complex. Today there are 3,500.
"The sidewalks are getting narrower," said a Japanese
woman as she maneuvered a grocery cart through a
gathering of Brazilian families. "There's no room for us
anymore," said her friend.
2 Foreigners of any stripe can be upsetting in
Japan, where conformity is a national creed and wa,
the concept of harmony, is integral to maintaining
stability and peace in a country of 126 million people
crowded onto four islands. "I don't think it's a good idea
to concentrate Brazilians in one place," said Masae
Matsui. Two years ago, a residents' association Matsui
headed proposed restricting the number of foreigners
in his public housing complex; in April, he was elected
to the city assembly.
3 The dark side of "wa", the part that excludes
outsiders, erupted into violence earlier this summer in
Toyota City, home to thousands of workers of the
carmaker Toyota, its subsidiaries and suppliers. After a
dispute with a noodle vendor got out of hand, about
100 supporters of a right-wing nationalist group
paraded around the public housing complex where
3,500 Brazilians live. They shouted through a loud-
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speaker, "Foreigners go home," taunted the Brazilians From GLAMOUR - July 1997, p. 99.
to come out and fight and waved metal pipes in the air.
Time, August 9, 1999, p.19.

17. The word SHALL in "This too shall pass. (par.3)

conveys the meaning of:
14. "I don't think." Coloque na forma positiva e no a) certainty.
tempo futuro: b) likelihood.
a) I do think c) possibility.
b) I am thinking d) suggestion.
c) I think e) expectation.
d) I won't think
e) I'll think 18. CHECK THE CORRECT ANSWER.

15. Indicate the alternative that best completes the We __________________ Karen next week.
following sentence. a) going to visiting
b) is visiting
"A PRIZE ________ TO WHOEVER SOLVES THIS c) going to visit
EQUATION." d) are going to visit
a) has given
b) should give 19. Choose the correct alternative to complete the
c) is giving sentence.
d) will be given
e) must have given "Since I haven't got_________, I will_________."
a) enough time ; have the cake made.
16. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente b) time enough ; get someone to make the cake.
a lacuna da frase adiante c) enough time ; bake the cake myself.
d) any time ; make the cake.
I'II___soccer this afternoon. e) time enough ; ask somebody to bake the cake.
a) playing
b) played 20. Assinale a alternativa que preenche a lacuna da
c) to play frase a seguir corretamente
d) play
e) plays He will ________ almost everything you ask him.
a) do
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
b) to do
Feeling down? Look up!
c) doing
d) does
1 According to Sarah Conn, Ph.D., instructor in e) did
psychology at Cambridge Hospital at Harvard Medical
School, taking the time to pause and look up at the sky 21. Assinale a alternativa correta.
is a natural way to reduce stress.
2 First, sky watching gives you a break. Simply I expect that she __________ arrive at about midnight.
stopping to lift your head and look up "releases you a) is
from your usual mode of rushing to your next b) will
destination - which reduces tension," explains Conn. c) going to
3 It can even be comforting, she adds. When d) must
your emotions are riding high, "the ever-changing e) goes
clouds and colors of the sky are a reassuring reminder
that your own state of mind is temporary. It's a relief to 22. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente
remember that, This too shall pass." as lacunas:
4 At the same time, the vastness of the sky
makes problems less overwhelming by putting them in I..... you as soon as my work.....
perspective. "Sky watching reminds you that you're a) will call..... is finished.
part of a much larger picture," says Conn. b) called..... will finish.
5 And as stress begins to ebb you may find that c) was calling..... is finished.
it's replaced by a renewed sense of possibility and d) had called..... finishes.
optimism: "You'll gain a new appreciation for the old e) have called..... finish.
saying, 'The sky's the limit.'"
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Gabarito:
Resposta da questão 8:
Resposta da questão 1: [D]
[D]
Resposta da questão 9:
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois o simple future (will) [C]
transmite uma noção de possibilidade no futuro.
Resposta da questão 10:
Resposta da questão 2: [B]
[C]
Resposta da questão 11:
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois possui a forma [A]
correta do verbo to get no simple future (will get ou ‘ll
get).
Resposta da questão 12:
[E]
Resposta da questão 3:
[D]
Resposta da questão 13:
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois apresenta o uso [B]
correto do tempo verbal simple future. Tradução:
"Não tenho certeza. Provavelmente darei uma festa Resposta da questão 14:
neste final de semana". [E]

Resposta da questão 4: Resposta da questão 15:

[C] [D]

A alternativa [C] está correta, pois o trecho pode ser Resposta da questão 16:
entendido como: “Em termos de trabalho, você terá [D]
que adaptar algumas de suas habilidades aos
empregos do futuro, e terá também que aprender
Resposta da questão 17:
novas habilidades”.
[A]
Resposta da questão 5:
Resposta da questão 18:
[A]
[D]
A expressão em destaque significa "ainda a serem
descobertos". Isso transmite uma ideia de futuro. Por Resposta da questão 19:
esse motivo, a alternativa [A] está correta [A]
(acontecerá).
Resposta da questão 20:
Resposta da questão 6: [A]
[D]
Resposta da questão 21:
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois as lacunas foram [B]
completadas com os tempos verbais adequados. A
primeira lacuna deve ser completada pelo simple past, Resposta da questão 22:
pois há uma expressão passada definida (about six [A]
months ago). A segunda lacuna deve ser completada
pelo infinitivo, pois se trata de uma ideia de finalidade.
A terceira lacuna deve ser completada pelo simple
present, pois se trata de uma generalização. Por fim, a
última lacuna deve ser completada pelo simple future,
pois o trecho ficaria com a seguinte tradução: “...e o
Google Docs entenderá e seguirá os seus
comandos”.

Resposta da questão 7:
[C]

Quando Hagar afirma que irá (going to) chupar balas

de menta a fim de disfarçar o hálito de cerveja, ele
toma uma decisão, faz uma resolução.