Student Study Group

Supporting Student’s Achievement and Initiative

Submitted to:
Ms. Nikki Shein Bullong, RN

Submitted by:
Cenon, Chariz Isabelle
Homo, Airha Mhae
Lopez, Danielle Jaspearl
Manuel, Joy Stephanie
Querido, Gerlian Kyle
Tayaban, Lennon Karl
Tucay, Julie Marie
Udde-e, Marisabel
Valencia, Shaina Reign
Yambao, Crizelle Justine

BSN 2 GROUP 29
NCM 109 RLE

Date Submitted:
February 24, 2023
DATE: February 17, 2023
TIME: 2:00PM
VENUE: UB Park
SUBJECT: NCM 109 RLE
TOPIC: Hyperemesis Gravidarum
REFERENCES: Lindsey K. J., Heba M. (2022). Hyperemesis Gravidarum. National Center for
Biotechnology Information
OBJECTIVES:
 To know what is the effect of excessive nausea and vomiting for pregnant woman
 What are the possible causes of excessive nausea and vomiting?
 Describe the pathophysiology of hyperemesis gravidarum.
 Review the presentation of pregnant women presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).
Narrative Report:
Early pregnancy is characterized by frequent nausea and infrequent vomiting (NVP). The term "hyperemesis
gravidarum" refers to severe or prolonged vomiting during pregnancy (HG). Up to 3% of pregnancies may
experience HG, which is characterized by weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and the
requirement for hospitalization. Together with severe physical and psychological distress, hyperemesis
gravidarum has a significant financial cost. We propose that future research on this condition should place a
strong emphasis on better treatment options and modifiable risk factors.
Learning Insights:
At least 70% of pregnant women experience some sort of nausea or vomiting during their pregnancy.
Although it can occur at any time of day, it is most commonly referred to as morning sickness.
The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum, a less common disease, may be made when the symptoms of
nausea, vomiting, and weight loss during pregnancy are so severe and persistent in some cases.
Dehydration and nutritional loss from hyperemesis gravidarum can have an impact on the health of the
pregnant mother and the fetus she is carrying. The nausea can be crippling and interfere with everyday
activities and quality of life. It normally goes away between 14 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Although the
risk is modest, women with hyperemesis gravidarum are more likely to experience preterm birth,
preeclampsia, and eclampsia, a rare preeclampsia complication that causes convulsions during pregnancy.
REFERENCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532917/
DOCUMENTATION:
- February 23, 2023 1:30-2:30pm. We were gathered at the UB park for a
short meeting for our SSG. We confirmed that our topics are the journals of
Ms. Querido, Ms. Cenon, Ms. Manuel, and including this one-Hyperemesis
Gravidarum.

- Ms. Shiana Reign Valencia was the one who started to make our SSG
activity. She also assesses me on what to do. She’s the one who’s
guiding me all throughout the meeting.

APPENDICES:
DATE: February 17, 2023
TIME: 3:00pm
VENUE: UB Park
SUBJECT: NCM 109 RLE
TOPIC: Umbilical Cord Prolapse
REFERENCES: Marina Boushra; Alicia Stone; Kimberly M. Rathbun (2022) Umbilical Cord
Prolapse
OBJECTIVES:
 Describe the clinical presentation of umbilical cord prolapse.
 Outline the key steps in the acute management of umbilical cord prolapse.
 Review alternative management strategies that can be utilized after initial attempts at funic
decompression have failed or in cases where obstetric care is not immediately available.
 Explain strategies to improve care coordination between the interprofessional teams caring for
patients with umbilical cord prolapse to improve outcomes.

Narrative Report:
Cord prolapse has been defined as the descent of the umbilical cord through the cervix alongside (occult) or
past the presenting part (overt) in the presence of ruptured membranes. Cord presentation is the presence of
the umbilical cord between the fetal presenting part and the cervix, with or without membrane rupture.
It is diagnosed by seeing/palpating the prolapsed cord outside or within the vagina in addition to abnormal
fetal heart rate patterns
When the umbilical cord leaves the cervical os before the fetal presenting part, this condition is known as
umbilical cord prolapse. If the vasoconstriction caused by cord compression is not treated very once, it might
result in fetal hypoxia and, ultimately, death or impairment. This exercise discusses the diagnosis and
management of patients with umbilical cord prolapse in the emergency department and stresses the relevance
of early detection and interprofessional involvement in enhancing patient outcomes.
This condition occurs when the umbilical cord drops (prolapses) between the fetal presenting part and the
cervix into the vagina. Umbilical cord prolapse occurs prior to or during delivery of the baby.
Learning insights:
Through this journal sharing, we've learned about the umbilical cord prolapse, we've learned that this happens
when the cord falls (prolapses) into the vagina ahead of the baby. It is uncommon but considered to be
potentially fatal obstetric emergency, it can result in a loss of oxygen to the fetus. It helps us to know more
about this kind of abnormal pregnancy, we've learned about the signs, effects and management to this.
Umbilical cord prolapse can be a life-threatening. However, if the patient is at increased risk, the patient may
be advised to be admitted to hospital – then immediate action can be taken if the waters break or proceed into
labor.
REFERENCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542241/

DOCUMENTATION:
- After our return demonstration in IM, ID and SQ we had a
journal sharing of our different topics about abnormal ob and
Stephanie Manuel shared her topic which is about umbilical cord
prolapse. This is our only pic after we had a journal sharing

APPENDICES:
DATE: February 23, 2023
TIME: 2:00PM
VENUE: UB Park
SUBJECT: NCM 109 RLE
TOPIC: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women
REFERENCES: Bener, A., Saleh, N.M. and Al-Hamaq, A. (2011) Prevalence of Gestational
Diabetes and Associated Maternal and Neonatal Complications in a Fast-Developing Community:
Global Comparisons. International Journal Women’s Health, 3, 367-373.
OBJECTIVES:
 Discuss Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
 To know the effects of GDM on pregnant women.
 To know the frequencies of pregnant women presenting with GDM according to age and to assess
some promising risk factors associated with GDM.
Narrative Report:
During pregnancy, your body makes more hormones and goes through other changes, such as weight gain.
These changes cause your body's cells to use insulin less effectively, a condition called insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance increases your body's need for insulin. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most
common complication of pregnancy that causes chronic hypertension, increased rate of cesarean delivery,
fetal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early diagnosis of GDM is vital to reduce maternal and fetal
morbidity. To sum up, the findings of this study point out that the prevalence of GDM was 8.3% in the
studied areas with the most affected age group of 26 - 30 years. Family history of diabetes and age were
found to be risk factors of GDM. The findings from this study were analyzed according to standards and
compared with other studies. Some previous studies that were done used glucometer whereas others applied
calorimetric assays for measuring blood glucose. The time of screening was generally between the 24th and
28th week of gestation. The difference in prevalence with other studies maybe due to differences in the
screening methods, diagnostic criteria used or population studied.
Learning Insights:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the
body from using insulin effectively. Gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed for the first-time during
pregnancy (gestation). Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects how your cells use sugar
(glucose). Gestational diabetes causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy and your baby's health.
Glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by the cells. The known risk factors for Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are advanced age (≥35 yrs.), overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight
gain, excessive central body fat deposition, family history of diabetes, short stature (<1.50 m), excessive fetal
growth, polyhydramnios, hypertension or preeclampsia in the current pregnancy, history of recurrent
miscarriage, offspring malformation, fetal or neonatal death, macrosomia, GDM during prior pregnancies and
polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition to the most common factors the sedentary lifestyle may also be a risk
factor for GDM. Prevention requires Exercise Regularly. Exercise is another way to keep blood sugar under
control another is Monitor Blood Sugar Often. Because pregnancy causes the body's need for energy to
change, blood sugar levels can change very quickly.
REFERENCES:
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=71716
DOCUMENTATION:

We had a parenteral return demonstration in the morning, followed by a journal sharing in the afternoon. Ms.
Chariz Cenon spoke about this topic. She also mentioned health education for people who are suffering from
this condition.
APPENDICES:

DATE: February 23, 2023

TIME: 4:00pm
VENUE: UB Park
SUBJECT: NCM 109 RLE
TOPIC: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
REFERENCES: Shaina Bruce; Joel Sorosky (2022) Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
OBJECTIVES:
 To know the causes and risk factors of gestational trophoblastic disease
 To know what is trophoblastic disease
 To gain knowledge on how to assess trophoblastic disease
 To know the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to
improve outcomes for patients affected by gestational trophoblastic disease.
Narrative Report:
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of interrelated disease processes originating from the placenta.
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of tumors defined by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation.
Trophoblast cells produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia refers to
lesions that have the potential for local invasion and metastasis. Before the development of sensitive assays
for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and effective chemotherapy, mortality from all forms of malignant
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was substantial. GTD is divided into hydatidiform moles (contain villi)
and other trophoblastic neoplasms (lack villi). The non-molar or malignant forms of GTD are called
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). They include the invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site
trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. These malignancies can occur weeks or years
following any pregnancy but occur most commonly after a molar pregnancy. Most women with all forms of
gestational trophoblastic disease can be successfully diagnosed and treated with preservation of their
reproductive function. It is important to manage molar pregnancies properly to minimize acute complications
and identify post molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia promptly.
Learning insights:

As a student nurse, according to People with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) may experience Signs
and Symptoms that changes what you can feel in your body. Signs are changes in something measured, like
by taking your blood pressure or doing a lab test. Together, symptoms and signs can help describe a medical
problem. In rare situations, if a cancerous GTD has spread beyond the uterus at the time of diagnosis, other
symptoms may occur based on the location of the disease. In this case, GTD may be misdiagnosed as another
health problem. For example, the spread of choriocarcinoma to the brain may result in bleeding, which can be
mistaken for a brain aneurysm. The only way to prevent GTD is to not get pregnant. However, GTD is so rare
that its prevention should not be a factor in family planning decisions. If you have a condition that puts you at
risk for GTD, you may benefit from consulting with a genetic counselor to determine your risk and to manage
GTD is to Chemotherapy with one or more anticancer drugs for tumors previously treated with surgery.
REFERENCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470267/

DOCUMENTATION:
 -After performing our return demonstration on Parenteral, we also had our
journal sharing with the group. Ms. Gerlian Querido shared her journal about
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease wherein abnormal trophoblast cells grow
inside the uterus after conception. She also shared her gained knowledge on
her research regarding the disease. Her way of delivering or sharing her
journal gave us an additional and broader understanding of the rare disease.
After the journal sharing, our clinical instructor also shared with us her
knowledge about the included diseases in our journal sharing to give us a
better understanding of the different diseases.

APPENDICES: