The message provides instructions for writing an essay in the context of a C1 Advanced exam.

It
emphasizes a four-paragraph structure: introduction, two body paragraphs discussing chosen topics,
and a conclusion. Important points include:

1. **Assignment Understanding:**
- Carefully read the assignment to address all required points.

2. **Essay Structure:**
- Introduction to grab the reader's attention and introduce the essay's topic.
- Two body paragraphs, each discussing a chosen topic (e.g., communication, daily life).
- Use linking words and phrases for coherence and structure.
- Conclusion summarizing the discussed points and answering the assignment's question.

3. **Language Use:**
- Utilize advanced vocabulary and synonyms.
- Language variation and sophisticated expressions are encouraged.
- Avoid unnecessary deviations from the main points.

4. **Linking Words:**
- Use linking words within paragraphs and at the beginning of paragraphs.
- Improve the readability and structure of the essay.

5. **Practice and Resources:**

- Access sample essay assignments on a specified website.
- Apply the guidance in practice essays and refine over time.

6. **Time Management:**
- Allocate time to work on the essay over two days.
- Refine the essay for submission as instructed.

In summary, the message provides a concise overview of the essay-writing instructions, focusing on
structure, language use, linking words, practice, and time management for a C1 Advanced exam.
Beowulf; recorded

From the early Middle Ages is the poem Fable. It looks like a book because it's a very long poem, but
it's still home. They will is the oldest European text written in of an accurate so common. This case
Old English. The early Middle Ages in particular, it was normal to write literature in Latin rather than,
for example, English, Dutch or French. It is not known who wrote Beowulf or quite how old the poem
is. The only mediaeval copy in existence is a manuscript from the late 10th century, but the poem is
probably. A lot older than that. The belief is that it dates from sometime in the 6th century. That will
make him very early. The oldest story written in Dutch, for example, comes from the 11th century.
Why would it be that they think that Beowulf is older than its first? Written copy in the 10th century.
Do you think it was falling? Not raining at that time period. OK, format. So why didn't they write it
down in the 6th century? Because they probably didn't quite a lot in that century. Yeah. So how were
they able to preserve this story sentence, talking to each other? Yeah. Yeah. So probably in the 6th
century, someone thought of this story, perhaps because of his references to that history or that
time. And they used to tell each other the story from generation to generation, and they would make
sure. That it would be saved for future generations. So they would talk about this and keep the story
alive in that way. In order to understand the poem properly, one needs to know something about the
period it comes from, because the Anglo-Saxon world was very different Jamie from our own. The
land mass that we now know as Great Britain was divided into numerous small states, each with its
own King or Lord let me. So here you can see the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, especially here coastline.
And we talked about last week that these were forever changing, fighting another, trying to get more
land for their own kingdoms. So this is. Yeah. Clear of these kings managed to remain in power for
long. They send it to die young, often in battle or would be posed by rivals. In this. Society was
dominated by Lords an retainers as depicted invest. So that's why they know that that is life from the
amber society. Members of this elite Last Central dramas were played out in the Royal Courts and on
the battlefields, retainers for cats in place and rewarded with gold and silver in exchange for their
loyalty to the King and their assistance in vessels, which is what we talked about last week. All right,
so as long as you stayed loyal. Cool. Then he would be rewarded with money, with weapons, with
land. Kings were expected to pay royalty for their retail support and the retailers were expected to be
willing to die for their hear about. I recited well known poems from memory and accompanied
themselves on the harp so. When you look at text from those days, you can see a slash, for example,
breaking it up into parts. So they would say the first part and then they didn't, and then they would
say the second part and then they would have some kind of rhyme and rhythm to it to help them
remember this. This was quite a feat, as you can imagine. When you consider that meal consists of
more than 3000 lines of verse written in a complex style. The first few lines will give you a flavour. So
my Old English is basically nonexistent, but I will show show you. Make you listen to some actual Old
English. Quiet way God Dana in Yahoo dog food Kuningas rim yeah through non who thought after
Lingus Ellen from middle off chilled shaving shabbona throughout morning on my from middle sector
often eggs or the airlines. Suit and artist word fashion. Play that throw per game on Wales under
walk New Way Earth Moon Dem Far or that him I grill starter home sitting grow over prone product
here and show Lee home Bud you done that was gold crooning that was. And as you can see, it looks
hardly anything like our modern English. I'd like to help. He was found the over stop kick. Welcome.
Where he said that was good coding. That was a good king. So there are some small similarities
between the English then in English now, but it looks very different. So how were they able to
remember all those lines in this hideous language that we don't understand anything about? Hello,
because I can't understand it, you know? So it says that your booklets as you will see the poems lines
do not rhyme at the end, but are linked by alliteration. I need to have. Convert games for. Sponsor.
Words in a sentence that something the same letter off and a consonant and maybe clear Rhythm
was also very important. Poetry had to conform to complex rules. Each line consisted of two halves,
as I just told you, where they would put the harp intermezzo in three and four stressed syllables.
Syllables are letter creeper and stressed means Brooklyn to Miller. But. It wasn't. Remember, it was
associated with the adjacent lines by alliteration, so they were netted by alliteration. In the passage
quoted above, the stressed syllables are printed a bold and the elite. YouTube syllables around so he
could that the age that you make here is the same as G promotion and this one has to be here and
here it's the OR a sound. Now we use a bit more. We use a modern translation. I won't ask you to
find alliteration in all the English, but as you can see there's an ever combination here. And there's a
W1 here, so you should be able to find an iteration in a text. OK, so let's talk about the story itself.
How? What is it about? We make them of the name Beowulf. Bear. Wolf. Is there a bear or an? Bee
stings like a bee. Wow. Yeah, both. So he was a mean, tough, brave man. Yeah. It says in your reader.
You should know the storyline more. This, perhaps surprisingly Beowulf, is sentence not in England,
but in Scandinavia at the time of the migration of the peoples, the simple and six centuries. Thus the
characters may reasonably reasonably be described. As the forefathers of the Anglo-Saxon nation.
Fable story 9 Sensors on a hero of enormous strength who acquire Spain by fighting various
monsters. So Beowulf was a household name. They knew him because he thought sea monsters and
other monsters. He helped that kingdoms. At his own Kingdom, where he lived and he was the
monster Slayer. If you were in trouble, you could hold it. The poem begins with a family history of the
Danish king Crossgar as a young hero who still had to prove himself. Beowulf travels from git lens to
heralds both cars. Ancestral poem to slay the blood burst in monster Grendel and his equally
dreadful mother. Grendel has a hideous mother. She's terrible. What's her name? Grendel's mother?
My mother? It has to be his mother and she's called grandmother. Some years later, by which time
they will himself is king, he tackles a dragon to save his Kingdom. During this last fight, he is injured
by the dragon and subsequently dies. Visible means the poem ends with Beowulf cremation on
Ignore Aspire. They used to have these great Pires so they would build a you know what a partner
yeah, yeah and but on stop all, yeah. And they would send him on his way. Let's take a look at a clip
from an animated version of Table so that you get a bit of a gist of the story, OK? I just. Yeah. I'd like
you to pay attention.

VIDEO ANIMATION BEOWOLF; Animated Epic BEAWOLF

On Page Six you can find a piece on the translations of favourite. It says various various translations
available are available, some inverse and others in post. So some of them have tried to keep the
alliteration and some of them have just gone for a kind of story of it's not really keeping. That poetry
Part of it. Below you will see two translations of the same passage describing the arrival of Grendel
at the Kings Hall, where everyone, including the goat, is fast asleep. The first translation is converged
questions, so that's one that we're going to take a look at. First of all, I would like to find some
examples of alliteration if you find someone just shouted at. Marketplace. The second sentence got
Rendleman greedy G. Yeah, cafe beach boots provided. Let the fauna linea.

Those were Beowulf Cody from Sent. Who's going out? Ain't much of its variables is historically
interfaith methods attack an wiggler the unit range of the end. Either days over, they've moved on
the counter stool and a flick started. Oh, negligence. Translate marks. Oh ****. Spoke. Jamie. Realise
that the Lord of men who showered you with gifts and gave you the armour you're standing in, when
he would distribute helmets and mill shirts, dement on the benches of previous treating his sainz and
hold to the best he could find horror near was throwing weapons huge uselessly. So now they're
referring to Bail was king of his Kingdom and gave his face, his warriors, all that. Was useful in those
days and was used to be done in those days. So the the weapons, the silver them and he gave them
everything. But we have says that it was useless. Warriors these things. It would be sad waste when
the war broke out, months threatening to doubts. Beowulf had little cause to brag about his armed
guard. Yet God word answer wins or loses, allowed him to strike with his own blade Where bravery
was needed, whose bail was not Iman smeared backpacking. There was little I could. Do to protect
his mind from at least of the fray. But I found new strength welling up when I went to help him. This
hands over the moments of Beowulf efficient back and nothing that legal aid for staff will be on the
Warriors styling his owners next to it all in Rapids and we give it to a visiting our Beowulf 2 husband
to help. Then my sword connected in the deadly assaults of our foe grew weaker, The fire course less
strongly from his head to have involved dated thereafter. But when the worst happened, too few
rallied around the Prince of add a survey next warriors Disana midday Wolfe effect. So it's goodbye
now to. Do you to all you know and love on your home ground the open handedness to giving a war
swords. Everyone of you with freeholds of land are all nation will be dispossessed once Prince is from
beyond. Get tidings of how you turned and fled in disgrace yourselves A warrior will sooner die than
live a life of shame. All the same things here. Yeah, dope, right? Happens on anchor characters. Start
a news emphasis from lucky. Tougher than ever word you need word often. Oma Allah, all held on
the balance of the lungs which have played from Beowulf. So you were up to Norman and he pulls up
knowing there is almost over months underwater here. Open and he said delete the demand
together. Heather, Mike, you decide. Versus an elated various related scams I like a quick look have
they will fall over at Almaty trucks and of the Venom articles however and he was always in later and
coming over and above.

Busy doing. Shut the up guys. OK, so it says here that the Anglo Saxons, they had to entertain
themselves with something in the mediaeval. We learnt to tell riddles and they told each other
riddles as as well as listening to problems at their feasts. In the middle of the riddles were written
down so that we are able to meet them today. See if you can find. That will do an example for the
answers already here. It says forwarded undies for sticks and these two crooks to knickers under wig
whack it's account. What? But now vote push it. Let people think first before you shouted at So I'll
ask you what I want to hear the answer When I am alive. I do not speak anyone who wants to take
me captive and cuts off my head. They bind my bare body. I do no harm to anyone unless they cut
me first. Then I suited him crying. There was. Let's be quiet. And i'll ask you first
the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; recorded

So page 10. Try this. OK, so. At the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle were in the late late 19th century until the
12th century and says in the era of King Alfred the Great. So the the Kingdom we talked about earlier
this week who supported literacy. Because he asked others to translate important texts from Latin
into Old English. Remember, we're talking about the late 9th century. To be precise, the chronicle
became established as a literary genre in England. A chronicle was an annualised record of events, a
little like a diary. Some chronicle entries were very short, such as in your ex Bishop. They died. While
others were quite detailed, why in this year on the 25th of June the battle of be to place with
between King F and G many died on both sides, culminating in the death of King G In the same year
he appointed 2 bishops KL. In addition, a comet was seen indeed some conical entries for a lot
longer. A chronicle could never be finished because every year there were further noteworthy
events. The Angle Saxon Chronicle is the collective title given to a number of chronicles which were
actually written quite independently. In many cases the various chroniclers recorded the same
events, which each source tends to include details of local events that would not have been of
interest to the others. The information is not all equally reliable. In some cases events are ascribed to
the wrong year or merely reflect rumours nevertheless to chronicle. Is one of the main windows on
this. In English history. So because these chronicles were written all over the country, people would.
People would put their own perspective and local things in there, so they're different from place to
place. We do not know the identities of the people who wrote the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Chronicles
were usually written in monasteries by monks who did not put their names to their work. They
usually wrote in an impersonal, dry style, as we've just seen the first paragraph, but sometimes one
comes across entries written in a much more. Vitally involved way. Furthermore, there were gradual
developments in the style of the chronicle, which was maintained for several centuries. As time went
by, the brief notes about everyday events became lively accounts which were increasingly personal
and informal. The events recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles spanned more than a Millennium.
The first entry relates to the year 81 and the last two 11154. Over this. A great deal happening. Birth
of course. However, the monks responsible for the Chronicle were dealing with events long before
their own time, when they wrote the first entries. So, as we say, they started in the 9th century or
late night century, and they wrote about things that happened in the 1st century. So that was a bit
difficult. Indeed, some years were simply skipped. Yeah, oh, it says so. Their knowledge of what
happened was often sketchy in their accounts, very brief, some years superscript and no entry made
because they didn't know anything about that year. He events such as Roman conquest in the
passing of Roman rules for a reported however, and more information was available to the right,
disconcerning more recent history. So the entries become more numerous and more expensive
because they have more knowledge of the time. They put more in there basically. Plenty of detail is
given, for example, about the invasions following various Germanic peoples from the European
mainland, the conversion of the Anglo Saxons to Christianity because that was 7th century, 8th, and
the Viking attacks at the Battle of Hastings. Do you remember the year the Battle of Hastings? Was
it? 1066. Events prior to the 9th century. They were like maybe an established sources such as earlier
chronicles since last, such as the ones written by Beat, a monk who lived a bit earlier than these ones
that were created right now and so-called general and recall list so. Detailing the names of kings and
the lengths of their brains, they may also have drawn upon oral sources. The chronicle itself was in
turn to become an important source of information about England in the early Middle Ages.
Although the chronicle was written by monks, this is not always apparent to the reader. The entry
certainly do not confine. Themselves to church matters and many events are described in a relatively
open minded way. One striking aspect is the amount of emphasis placed on omens, as the entry
concerning the first Viking attack on England illustrates, and they say at the top of page 11 in 793.
Here terrible portance came about over the land of Northumbria, and miserably. Frightened the
people. There were immense flashes of lightning and theory. Dragons were seen flying in the air. A
great famine immediately followed these signs, and a little after that, in the same year, on the 8th of
January, the rating of even men miserably devastated God's church in Lindisfarne Island by looting
and slaughter. So these these words tell us that they thought that certain omens. Preceded attacks
by Vikings for example, and they talk about Dragons, but certain lightning flashes and so in a famine
that preceded the attacks. So you can see that there was as we talked about with the Sutton Hoo.
Well, that there were. Is a combination of the heathen and Christian beliefs, basically. OK then, 1066
was the Battle of Hastings, which meant a great deal for the English language and English literature,
and in France and normally you can see this tap WANDTAPIJT as we know it. And it depicts the
whole Battle of Hastings. So this is just a small piece and you can see people finding. So you should
be able to tell me what this is, where you can find it, Yeah. So this picture is rather important. What
we're going to do now is taken up at a clip about what happened in the Battle of Hastings and what
kind of influence it had on the people then.

VIDEO: How the nomanis chamged the history of Europe

On on Britain, basically. So the. The people who talk Britain were from Normandy, which is a piece of
France. So when they took over, when they. Took over an French became the official language. So
there were two languages basically. There was the language of the Church which which remained
Latin, and there was the language of the state, which were supposed to be French and. First the king
and his nobleman started to speak French and use French, and then it was expected row expected of
the people for the common people as well to use French is their language. Until the 14th century,
English was only spoken about Britain, and that's why we missed lots of written English materials
that we can refer to. The language changed. A lot of conjugations were last, so. Conjugation would be
outcome. For example, I go and he goes, but then others that have been lost since a complex
language changed into a relatively simple language you can agree to disagree on that it keep like
many French words gradually entered the language. As in show for restaurants and other words, now
about 40% are loanwords from the French language. We will take a look at that at some examples
later on. So it had an influence on the language itself, but also on the literature, because in French
lots of romances. In novels, enclosure written according to a certain style, and that style was copied
and turned into a new kind of British form. So these are some of the words that you that we now use
that have a French origin. For example, let's do it foods. Art album. Missed it. Mustard, People,
Words are still used. Yeah. OK. So no. Here are. Two issues are two chronicles from the Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle about the Battle of Hastings and. It says in your reader, just below our Battle of Hastings
picture the following passages related in the year 1066. The first comes from the Sofa Peterborough
Chronicle, because it was written by monks at Peterborough Abbey in the East of England, because
the original text was in. Old English and Modern English version is presented and the second on the
next page on page 12 comes from a manuscript from Worcester in the West, quite close to Wales. So
we've got one chronicle from the east and one chronicle from the West, and it might be nice to take
a look at the the different. Perspectives I would like you to read this on your own. It is easy to follow
because it's been translated to modern English and what I would like you to do then is write your
own shorts Chronicle entry on the start of this school year. Try to use at least 100 words, that's not
that many. And then I would like you to work on your practise example. Don't really need to add it in,
it's just assignment to get you writing because that's what writers billing. This bait you search for
tight for doing.