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Second order systems

s-plane

(imaginary)

pole

σ
(REAL)

General form
σ

Peak time – tp % overshoot – %OS (at tp )

Settling time – ts * 2%

Rise time – tr
jω no formula for underdamped
2nd-ord sytems; obtain
from tables for given

Natural frequency – ωn

Damped freq. of osc. – ωd

Damping ratio – ξ


Expon. damping freq. – σd

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