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1 import pandas as pd
2 import numpy as np
3 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
4 import seaborn as sns

Loading the datasets and processing some records

1 cr = pd.read_csv("CreditRisk.csv")

1 cr.columns

Index(['Loan_ID', 'Gender', 'Married', 'Dependents', 'Education',

'Self_Employed', 'ApplicantIncome', 'CoapplicantIncome', 'LoanAmount',
'Loan_Amount_Term', 'Credit_History', 'Property_Area', 'Loan_Status'],
dtype='object')

1 cr.head() ## top 5 records

Loan_ID Gender Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

1 cr.head(10)

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Loan_ID Gender Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

1 cr.tail(10) # lastMale
4 LP001008 5 recordsNo 0.0 Graduate No 6000

5 LP001011 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate Yes 5417

Loan_ID Gender Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncom
Not
6
971LP001013
LP002952 Male
Male YesNo 0.00.0 Graduate NoNo 2333
250
Graduate

7
972LP001014
LP002954 Male
Male YesYes 4.02.0 GraduateNot NoNo 3036
313
Graduate
8 LP001018 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate No 4006
973 LP002962 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 400
9 LP001020 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 12841
974 LP002965 Female Yes 0.0 Graduate No 855

975 LP002969 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 226

Not
976 LP002971 Male Yes 4.0 Yes 400
Graduate

977 LP002975 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 415

978 LP002980 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 325

979 LP002986 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 500

980 LP002989 Male No 0.0 Graduate Yes 920

1 cr.shape # number of rows and columns

(981, 13)

1 cr.describe() # gives the description of each column( only numerical columns)

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Dependents ApplicantIncome CoapplicantIncome LoanAmount Loan_Amount_Term

count 956.000000 981.000000 981.000000 954.000000 961.000000

mean 0.881799 5179.795107 1601.916330 142.511530 342.201873

std 1.255623 5695.104533 2718.772806 77.421743 65.100602

1 cr.Property_Area.value_counts()
min 0.000000 # gives the count
0.000000 for each 9.000000
0.000000 category 6.000000

25%
Semiurban 0.000000
349 2875.000000 0.000000 100.000000 360.000000
Urban 342
50%
Rural 0.000000
290 3800.000000 1110.000000 126.000000 360.000000
Name: Property_Area, dtype: int64
75% 2.000000 5516.000000 2365.000000 162.000000 360.000000

max 4.000000 81000.000000 41667.000000 700.000000 480.000000

1 cr.Gender.value_counts()

Male 775
Female 182
Name: Gender, dtype: int64

1 cr['Gender'].value_counts()

Male 775
Female 182
Name: Gender, dtype: int64

1 # want to create a DF earning more than a particular amout( 3000)

2
3 aa = cr.ApplicantIncome > 5000

1 df1 = cr[aa] # df1 is the name of new data frame

2 df1

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Loan_ID Gender Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncom

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 584

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 600

5 LP001011 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate Yes 541

9 LP001020 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 1284

1 df3 = cr[-aa] # remaining records that doest not fall under the category ApplicantIn
2 df3 Not
20 LP001043 Male Yes 0.0 No 766
Graduate

... Loan_ID
... Gender
... Married
... Dependents
... Education
... Self_Employed
... ApplicantIncom.

1
967 LP001003
LP002920 Male
Male Yes
Yes 1.0
0.0 Graduate
Graduate No
No 458
511
2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate
Not Yes 300
968 LP002921 Male Yes 4.0 No 531
Graduate
Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 258
969 LP002932 Male Yes 4.0 Graduate
Graduate No 760

974 LP002965 Female Yes 0.0 Not

Graduate No 855
6 LP001013 Male Yes 0.0 No 233
Graduate
980 LP002989 Male No 0.0 Graduate Yes 920
7 LP001014 Male Yes 4.0 Graduate No 303
285 rows × 13 columns
... ... ... ... ... ... ... .

975 LP002969 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 226

Not
976 LP002971 Male Yes 4.0 Yes 400
Graduate

977 LP002975 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 415

978 LP002980 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 325

979 LP002986 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 500

696 rows × 13 columns

1 # ApplicantIncome > 3000 , Gender = Male , should also be married

1 abc = ((cr.ApplicantIncome > 3000) & (cr.Gender == "Male" ) & (cr.Married == "Yes") )

1 df3 = cr[abc]

1 df3

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Loan_ID Gender Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncom

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 458

5 LP001011 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate Yes 541

7 LP001014 Male Yes 4.0 Graduate No 303

8 LP001018 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate No 400

9 LP001020 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 1284

... ... ... ... ... ... ... .

970 LP002935 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 379

Not
972 LP002954 Male Yes 2.0 No 313
Graduate

Not
976 LP002971 Male Yes 4.0 Yes 400
Graduate

977 LP002975 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 415

979 LP002986 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 500

408 rows × 13 columns

1 cr.ApplicantIncome.mean()

5179.795107033639

1 cr.mean()

Dependents 0.881799
ApplicantIncome 5179.795107
CoapplicantIncome 1601.916330
LoanAmount 142.511530
Loan_Amount_Term 342.201873
Credit_History 0.835920
dtype: float64

1 cr.ApplicantIncome.median()

3800.0

1 cr.ApplicantIncome.sum()

5081379

1 cr.ApplicantIncome.max()

81000

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1 cr.ApplicantIncome.min()
0

1 cr.Gender.value_counts()

Male 775
Female 182
Name: Gender, dtype: int64

1 # GROUP BY FUNCTION
2
3 cr.groupby('Gender').ApplicantIncome.agg(['count' , 'min' ,'max' ,'mean'])

count min max mean

Gender

Female 182 0 19484 4458.906593

Male 775 0 81000 5256.925161

1 cr.groupby('Gender').agg(['min' ,'max' ,'mean'])

Dependents ApplicantIncome CoapplicantIncome LoanAm

min max mean min max mean min max mean min m

Gender

Female 0.0 4.0 0.531073 0 19484 4458.906593 0.0 41667.0 1132.604396 9.0 6

Male 0.0 4.0 0.960317 0 81000 5256.925161 0.0 33837.0 1716.340542 17.0 6

1 cr.groupby(["Gender" , "Married"]).ApplicantIncome.mean()

Gender Married
Female No 4394.153226
Yes 4501.736842
Male No 4912.764151
Yes 5390.440285
Name: ApplicantIncome, dtype: float64

1 cr.rename(columns = {'Gender':'GEN'}, inplace = True)

1 cr.iloc[:,:-1]

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Loan_ID GEN Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Not
976 LP002971 Male Yes 4.0 Yes 4009
Graduate

977 LP002975 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 4158

978 LP002980 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 3250

979 LP002986 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate No 5000

980 LP002989 Male No 0.0 Graduate Yes 9200

981 rows × 12 columns

How to split your records?

1 # slice and dice of data

1 # select only top 10 records and all the columns

1 cr.iloc[1:10] ## iloc index location

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Loan_ID GEN Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome Co

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

1 # top 10 records and 1 ,3, 5
2 Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
3 cr.iloc[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] ,[ 1,3,5]] Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

GEN Dependents Self_Employed
5 LP001011 Male Yes 2.0 Graduate Yes 5417
0 Male 0.0 No
Not
6
1 LP001013
Male Male1.0 Yes No 0.0 No 2333
Graduate

2
7 Male
LP001014 Male0.0 Yes Yes 4.0 Graduate No 3036

3
8 Male
LP001018 Male0.0 Yes No 2.0 Graduate No 4006

4
9 Male
LP001020 Male0.0 Yes No 1.0 Graduate No 12841

5 Male 2.0 Yes

6 Male 0.0 No

7 Male 4.0 No

8 Male 2.0 No

9 Male 1.0 No

1 cr.iloc[ 0:10 , [ 1,3,5]]

GEN Dependents Self_Employed

0 Male 0.0 No

1 Male 1.0 No

2 Male 0.0 Yes

3 Male 0.0 No

4 Male 0.0 No

5 Male 2.0 Yes

6 Male 0.0 No

7 Male 4.0 No

8 Male 2.0 No

9 Male 1.0 No

1 cr.iloc[:, 2:6]

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Married Dependents Education Self_Employed

0 No 0.0 Graduate No

1 Yes 1.0 Graduate No

2 Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes

3 Yes 0.0 Not Graduate No

4 No 0.0 Graduate No

... ... ... ... ...

976 Yes 4.0 Not Graduate Yes

977 Yes 0.0 Graduate No

978 No 0.0 Graduate No

979 Yes 0.0 Graduate No

980 No 0.0 Graduate Yes

981 rows
1 cr.loc[ : ×
, 4['ApplicantIncome',
columns 'Self_Employed']]

ApplicantIncome Self_Employed

0 5849 No

1 4583 No

2 3000 Yes

3 2583 No

4 6000 No

... ... ...

976 4009 Yes

977 4158 No

978 3250 No

979 5000 No

980 9200 Yes

981 rows × 2 columns

bold text# Renaming the columns

1 cr1 = cr.rename(columns= {'ApplicantIncome' : 'ApplicantIncome1'})

1 cr1.head()

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Loan_ID GEN Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome1 C

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

1 cr.columns

Index(['Loan_ID', 'GEN', 'Married', 'Dependents', 'Education', 'Self_Employed',

'ApplicantIncome', 'CoapplicantIncome', 'LoanAmount',
'Loan_Amount_Term', 'Credit_History', 'Property_Area', 'Loan_Status'],
dtype='object')

1 cr3 = cr.rename(columns = {'Gender' : 'Gender1' ,

2 'Married' : 'Married1' ,
3 'Dependents' : 'Dependents1'} )

1 cr3.head()

Loan_ID GEN Married1 Dependents1 Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

1 cr.head()

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Loan_ID GEN Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome Co

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

1 cr.rename(columns= {cr.columns[1] : "Gender1" } , inplace = True)
Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate
1 cr.head()
4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000
Loan_ID Gender1 Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome

0 LP001002 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 LP001003 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 LP001005 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 LP001006 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 LP001008 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

1 cr.rename( columns= {'ApplicantIncome' : 'ApplicantIncome1'} , inplace = True)

2

1 cr.drop("Loan_ID", axis = 1 , inplace = True) # axis =1 , something oncolumn side

2 # axis 0 , somefunction on row side

1 cr.head()

Gender1 Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome1 Coapplic

0 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 Male Yes 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 Male Yes 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 Male Yes 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 Male No 0.0 Graduate No 6000

Handling Missing Data

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Missing data occurs commonly in many data analysis applications. One of the goals of pandas
is to make working with missing data as painless as possible

1 import pandas as pd
2 import numpy as np
3 string_data = pd.Series(['aardvark', 'artichoke', np.nan,'avocado'])

1 string_data

0 aardvark
1 artichoke
2 NaN
3 avocado
dtype: object

1 string_data.isnull()

0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool

link text

1 # Filtering Out Missing Data

2 from numpy import nan as NA
3 data = pd.Series([1, NA, 3.5, NA, 7])
4 data

0 1.0
1 NaN
2 3.5
3 NaN
4 7.0
dtype: float64

1 data.dropna() # data[data.notnull()]

0 1.0
2 3.5
4 7.0
dtype: float64

1 # Passing how='all' will only drop rows that are all NA:
2 data.dropna(how='all')

0 1.0
2 3.5

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4 7.0
dtype: float64
1 # To drop columns in the same way, pass axis=1:
2 data[4] = NA
3 data

0 1.0
1 NaN
2 3.5
3 NaN
4 NaN
dtype: float64

1 data.dropna(axis=0, how='all')

0 1.0
2 3.5
dtype: float64

1 # Filling In Missing Data

2 import pandas as pd
3 import numpy as np
4 df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(7, 3))
5 df

0 1 2

0 -0.411211 -0.242755 -1.265463

1 -0.041934 0.194562 0.038329

2 0.818116 1.182376 -0.511086

3 -1.128460 1.114058 -1.124696

4 0.098289 0.269538 1.364129

5 0.866626 0.974051 -0.608766

6 2.068476 -0.163661 -0.766034

1 df.iloc[:4, 1] = NA

1 df.iloc[:2, 2] = NA

1 df

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0 1 2

0 -0.411211 NaN NaN

1 -0.041934 NaN NaN

2 0.818116 NaN -0.511086

3 -1.128460
1 df.fillna(0) NaN -1.124696

4 0.098289 0.269538 1.364129

0 1 2
5 0.866626 0.974051 -0.608766
0 -0.411211 0.000000 0.000000
6 2.068476 -0.163661 -0.766034
1 -0.041934 0.000000 0.000000

2 0.818116 0.000000 -0.511086

3 -1.128460 0.000000 -1.124696

4 0.098289 0.269538 1.364129

5 0.866626 0.974051 -0.608766

6 2.068476 -0.163661 -0.766034

1 _ = df.fillna(0, inplace=True)

1 df

0 1 2

0 -0.411211 0.000000 0.000000

1 -0.041934 0.000000 0.000000

2 0.818116 0.000000 -0.511086

3 -1.128460 0.000000 -1.124696

4 0.098289 0.269538 1.364129

5 0.866626 0.974051 -0.608766

6 2.068476 -0.163661 -0.766034

Argument Description

value

Scalar value or dict-like object to use to fill missing values method

Interpolation; by default 'ffill' if function called with no other arguments axis

Axis to fill on; default axis=0

inplace Modify the calling object without producing a copy

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limit For forward and backward filling, maximum number of consecutive periods to fill

1 df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6, 3))
2 df.iloc[2:, 1] = NA
3 df.iloc[4:, 2] = NA
4 df

0 1 2

0 -1.161707 -0.616881 0.892303

1 1.684420 1.952207 -1.987142

2 2.378477 NaN 0.940864

3 -0.548917 NaN 0.536736

4 -0.796169 NaN NaN

5 1.590066 NaN NaN

How to find the null values in the records¶

1 cr.isnull().sum()
2

Gender1 24
Married 3
Dependents 25
Education 0
Self_Employed 55
ApplicantIncome1 0
CoapplicantIncome 0
LoanAmount 27
Loan_Amount_Term 20
Credit_History 79
Property_Area 0
Loan_Status 0
dtype: int64

How to fill the null values with some default value¶

1 cr.Gender1 = cr.Gender1.fillna("Male")
2

1 cr.Married = cr.Married.fillna("Yes")
2

1 cr.Dependents = cr.Dependents.fillna(0)

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1 cr.Self_Employed = cr.Self_Employed.fillna("no")
2

1 cr.LoanAmount = cr.LoanAmount.fillna( cr.LoanAmount.mean() )

2

1 cr.Loan_Amount_Term = cr.Loan_Amount_Term.fillna(cr.Loan_Amount_Term.mean())
2

1 cr.Credit_History = cr.Credit_History.fillna(0)
2

1 cr.isnull().sum()
2

Gender1 0
Married 0
Dependents 0
Education 0
Self_Employed 0
ApplicantIncome1 0
CoapplicantIncome 0
LoanAmount 0
Loan_Amount_Term 0
Credit_History 0
Property_Area 0
Loan_Status 0
dtype: int64

1 #cr.dropna()
2

Converting the non numeric columns into numeric for

model building and analysis¶

1 # ONE HOT ENCODING / Dummy Variable Categarization

2
3 # Gender ( Male , Females)
4
5 #Male = 1
6 #Female = 0
7
8 #----------------
9 # Male = 0
10 # Female = 1
11

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1 cr.replace({ "Gender1" :{"Male" :0 , "Female" :1} ,

2 "Married" : {"No" :0 , "Yes" :1} } , inplace = True)

1 cr.head(20)
2

Gender1 Married Dependents Education Self_Employed ApplicantIncome1 Coappli

0 0 0 0.0 Graduate No 5849

1 0 1 1.0 Graduate No 4583

2 0 1 0.0 Graduate Yes 3000

Not
3 0 1 0.0 No 2583
Graduate

4 0 0 0.0 Graduate No 6000

5 0 1 2.0 Graduate Yes 5417

Not
6 0 1 0.0 No 2333
Graduate

7 0 1 4.0 Graduate No 3036

8 0 1 2.0 Graduate No 4006

9 0 1 1.0 Graduate No 12841

10 0 1 2.0 Graduate No 3200

11 0 1 2.0 Graduate no 2500

12 0 1 2.0 Graduate No 3073

13 0 0 0.0 Graduate No 1853

14 0 1 2.0 Graduate No 1299

15 0 0 0.0 Graduate No 4950

Not
16 0 0 1.0 No 3596
Graduate

17 1 0 0.0 Graduate No 3510

Not
18 0 1 0.0 No 4887
Graduate

19 0 1 0.0 Graduate no 2600

1 cr = pd.read_csv(r"CreditRisk.csv")
2

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1 cr = pd.get_dummies(cr ,columns = ['Gender' ,'Married', 'Dependents', 'Education'])

2 # One hot encodinG

1 cr.head()
2

Loan_ID Self_Employed ApplicantIncome CoapplicantIncome LoanAmount Loan_Amo

0 LP001002 No 5849 0.0 NaN

1 LP001003 No 4583 1508.0 128.0

2 LP001005 Yes 3000 0.0 66.0

3 LP001006 No 2583 2358.0 120.0

4 LP001008 No 6000 0.0 141.0

1 cr.shape
2

(981, 20)

check 0s completed at 5:33 PM

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