EMERGENCY DRUGS IN DENTISTRY

1. Adrenaline
2. Atropine
3. Hydrocortisone
4. Pheniramine Maleate
5. Promethazine HCl
6. Deriphyllin
7. Diazepam
8. Dopamine
9. Frusemide
10. Diclofenac
11. Pentazocine
12. Isosorbide
13. Tranexamic Acid

I. Inj. Adrenaline Bitartrate :

Concentration: 1:1000
Class: Sympathomimetic amine
Potent stimulant of both α∧β adrenergic receptors.
Dose: 0.5 – 1 mg
3 routes: IV, subcutaneous ( most accepted) , Intracardiac
Uses:
1. Drug of choice for anaphylactic shock.
2. Severe bronchial spasm.
3. Cardiac arrest : intra cardiac route.
Note: concentration of adrenaline in emergency is 1:1000. Concentration in L.A is 1:1,00,000 , 1:2,00,000
and 1:80,000. Role of adrenaline is different in both.
II. Inj. Atropine Sulphate:
Class : Anticholinergic drug
Dose : 0.6 mg IM/IV
Uses :
1. Drug of choice for bradycardia.
2. It is used in vasovagal shock.
3. It reduces salivary secretion.
4. It is one of the drugs for pre-anaesthetic medication.
III. Inj. Hydrocostisone :
It is a short acting glucocorticoid.
Dose : 100 mg IM/IV stat
Uses:
1. Drug of choice for status asthmaticus (acute exacerbation of asthma).
It can be given with Aminophylline in this case.
2. In anaphylactic shock with adrenaline.
3. Acute adrenal insufficiency.
4. Allergic reaction and shock patients.
IV. Inj. Pheniramine Maleate :
It is most commonly known under the trade name AVIL.
Class : Anti histamine drug.
Dose : 25 – 50 mg, 1 – 2 ml IM
Uses :
1. Anaphylactic shock
2. Sedative drug
3. Angioneurotic edema
4. Rigors
V. Inj. Promethazine Hydrochloride :
Commonly known as PHENERGAN.
Class : Anti histamine drug.
Dose : 25 – 50 mg
Uses :
1. Allergic reaction
2. Nausea
VI. Inj. Deriphyllin :
Class : Bronchodilator
Common trade name THEOPHYLIN
Dose : 50 mg IM
Uses :
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Bronchial insufficiency
3. Central respiratory disorders
4. Renal and Cardiac Edema
VII. Inj. Diazepam :
Class : Benzodiazepine
Dose : 10 mg IV
Uses :
1. Anti-anxiety drug
2. Anti-epileptic drug
3. Anti convulsion drug
4. Acute muscle spasm
5. Seizures
6. Tetanus episode
Note : it should not be mixed with other drugs for IV infusion.
VIII. Inj. Dopamine :
Class :α ∧β Adrenergic drug
Dose : 0.2 – 1 mg per minute – infusion pump (ICU)
Uses :
1. Cardiogenic shock
2. Severe congestive heart failure
IX. Inj. Frusemide :
It is a loop diuretic.
Dose : 20 – 80 mg IV
Uses :
1. Mild to moderate hypertension.
2. Edema
3. Congestive heart failure
4. Toxemia of pregnancy
5. Hepatic and renal diseases
6. Central Edema
X. Inj. Diclofenac Sodium :
It is an analgesic drug.
Dose : 75 mg/ml IM
Uses :
1. Mild to moderate pain.
2. Trauma patient.
3. During and after minor surgery.
XI. Inj. Pentazocine :
It is an analgesic drug.
Dose : 30 – 60 mg IM, subcutaneous
Uses :
1. Moderate to severe pain.
2. Trauma patient
3. Pre anaesthetic medication
XII. Tab. Isosorbide Dinitrate:
Dose : 5 – 10 mg S/L
Uses : Angina pectoris
XIII. Inj. Tranexamic Acid :
Dose : 100 mg/ml
0.5 ml/min IV
Uses :
1. Bleeding disorders
2. Before and after surgery