ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8

2016 RACI AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ YEARS 7 & 8

DATA

The names and symbols of some elements are given below:

aluminium Al gold Au magnesium Mg silicon Si

calcium Ca helium He mercury Hg silver Ag
carbon C hydrogen H nitrogen N sodium Na
chlorine Cl iron Fe oxygen O sulfur S
copper Cu lead Pb phosphorus P zinc Zn

The structure of molecules:

Molecules are two or more atoms chemically joined (“bonded”). Structural formulae show the arrangement of atoms in molecules.
Single () and double (═) strokes represent bonds holding atoms together. Hydrogen atoms only have one bond joining them to
other atoms, oxygen atoms have a total of two bonds and carbon atoms have a total of four bonds. Sometimes molecules
containing carbon can be drawn shorthand, as below:

Cyclohexene Cyclohexene (shorthand)

Units of measure

Symbol Name Value

m milli 1/1000
c centi 1/100
k kilo 1000

Metric units

Quantity Equivalent metric unit

3
1L 1 dm
3
1 mL 1 cm

Image Acknowledgements:

The following images have been reproduced with permission from the following sources:

 Information for Q9/Q10: Nevastane & TOTAL

 Q12: Raeky/Wikipedia
 Q14a: Виталий Смолыгин/publicdomainpictures.net
 Q14b: Ben Mills and Jynto/Wikipedia
 Q14c: Linnikh/ Wikipedia
 Q14d: Owen Thomas/123rf.com

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for Questions 1, 2 and 3.

Nitroglycerin, a compound of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen, was first made in 1847 and was found to be highly
explosive. Alfred Nobel manufactured it, but it was found to be too unstable and dangerous. Nobel combined nitroglycerin with
diatomaceous earth to make dynamite. Diatomaceous earth is a type of a soft sedimentary rock that generally contains silica, SiO2,
alumina, Al2O3, and iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.

Question 1.

The structure of nitroglycerin is shown on the right.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about
nitroglycerin?

A. It only contains three elements.

B. It only contains two non-metals.
C. Each molecule contains 8 nitrogen atoms.
D. Each molecule contains 3 carbon atoms.

Question 2.

When nitroglycerin explodes, it breaks down (decomposes) into simpler chemicals. It does not react with anything else initially.
Which of the following is NOT a possible product when nitroglycerin initially explodes?
A. Fe B. CO2 C. N2 D. O2

Question 3.

How many different elements are present in dynamite?

A. 4 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

Question 4.

A student wrote down some physical and chemical changes around their home:
1. Boiling an egg 3. Ice melting in a glass 5. Baking bread
2. A piece of iron rusting 4. Water boiling in a kettle 6. Wood burning
A chemical change involves at least one new substance being formed while a physical change may result in a change of state, but
no new substances are formed.
The physical changes were
A. 2 and 6 only. B. 3 and 4 only. C. 3, 4 and 5 only. D. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only.

Question 5.

Flour is made by crushing cereal grains, such as wheat, which releases starch and protein. Some simple breads are made from
flour, yeast, water and salt. When making these simple breads, the following steps occur:
 When flour is added to water and kneaded, some of the proteins swell up to make gluten, to make the bread spongy.
 Leavening of the bread happens when yeast, a microscopic fungus, helps break down starch to make glucose, and then
causes the glucose to produce carbon dioxide, which allows the bread to rise.
 The amount of salt controls the rate at which some enzymes convert starch to carbon dioxide.
 Once baking in an oven, the pockets of trapped carbon dioxide expand and cause the dough to expand even further.

Damper is a traditional Australian form of bread and is often made from only flour and water. Sometimes some bicarb soda (sodium
hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3) is added to the flour and water. The reason for adding bicarb soda is to

A. help the yeast break down glucose. B. help the yeast break down gluten.
C. help produce some carbon dioxide. D. replace the gluten in the bread.

Question 6.

Alloys are mixtures that contain large amounts of metals, and maybe a small amount of non-metals. Some examples are listed
below.
Alloy Elements in alloy
Pig iron Iron, carbon
 Alumel Nickel, manganese, aluminum, silicon
 Zamak Zinc, aluminum, magnesium, copper
Guanin Copper, manganese, iron, sulfur
Which alloy above contains ONLY metals?

A. Pig iron B. Alumel C. Zamak D. Guanin

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 7.

Colloids are a type of mixture. The particles are evenly dispersed, like the particles in a sugar solution, but they are also like
suspensions (for example, muddy water), because the particles are not soluble. Paints are a colloid called a sol, where the
solid paint particles are mixed in the liquid. Flyspray is a colloid called an aerosol, where either solid or liquid particles are
mixed in a gas. Styrofoam is a colloid called a foam, where gas is mixed through either a liquid or solid.
Which of the following is NOT a colloid?
A. Fog, where liquid water is mixed in air. . B. Shaving cream, where there is gas mixed in a liquid.
C. Salt water, where table salt is mixed in liquid water. D. Bushfire smoke, where solid ash is mixed in air.

Question 8.

Some ancient and medieval chemists, called alchemists, thought all metals were formed from mercury, also commonly called
quicksilver. They believed that different metals, particularly gold, could be produced by varying the quality and quantity of sulfur
reacted with mercury. Mercury is found in the mineral cinnabar as mercury(II) sulfide, a compound of mercury and sulfur.
The formula for mercury(II) sulfide is

A. AgS. B. AuS. C. McS. D. HgS.

Information for Questions 9 & 10.

Chocolate comes originally from cocoa beans, which grow inside pods on cacao trees. The cocoa beans are removed from the
pods and from there the cocoa is extracted from the beans. Below is a simplified diagram of the process.

Image reproduced with permission from Nevastane & TOTAL

Question 9.

One cocoa pod weighs, on average, 400 g. An average pod will yield about 40 dried beans after roasting. In order to make
one kilogram of chocolate, you need about 880 dried beans. Approximately what mass of cocoa pods will be needed to make
one kilogram of chocolate?

A. 22 g B. 8.8 kg C. 22 kg D. 88 kg

Question 10.

There are many varieties of chocolate. Some are shown below.

Cocoa Cocoa Milk Description

Type of Chocolate
Butter Solids Solids
Off-white in colour, added sugar and vanilla give it a
White chocolate ≥ 20% 0% ≥14%
mild taste
A sweet tasting chocolate that generally has added
Milk chocolate ≥15% ≥25% ≥12%
sugar and is rarely used for baking
Sweet baking Darker than milk chocolate, this chocolate has
≥18% ≥31% <12%
chocolate sugar added and is used for baking
With little sugar, it tends to become more bitter as
Dark chocolate ≥18% ≥35% <5%
the total of percentage of cocoa increases

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The darkness of a type of chocolate is related to the amount of cocoa butter it contains.
B. Chocolate becomes more bitter as the amount of cocoa butter increases.
C. As the total amount of cocoa in chocolate increases, so does the milk solids.
D. The bitterness of chocolate depends on the total amount of both cocoa and sugar.

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 11.

Metal compounds can sometimes have characteristic colours, as shown in the table.

Metal in the compound Some common colours of these compounds

Manganese Pale pink, blackish-brown
Copper Blue, green
Iron Light green, orange/red/brown
Vanadium Green, orange, yellow, blue

Animals use blood to transport oxygen around their bodies, using metal compounds to help carry the oxygen.

The following table describes the blood of a number of different animals.

The Pinna Squamosa

Animal Humans Spiders Sea Squirts
mollusc
Blood Dark red to Blue to clear and Apple green, becoming
Brown
colours bright red colourless more blue or orange

Which metal compounds can be found in the blood of each animal?

The Pinna Squamosa

Humans Spiders Sea Squirts
mollusc
A. iron copper manganese vanadium
B. manganese copper vanadium iron
C. iron copper vanadium manganese
D. iron vanadium copper manganese

Question 12.

th
Nitrogen is the 30 most abundant element on Earth, yet nitrogen gas, N2, is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%). It is
a vital element in living things, being a component of such molecules as DNA, proteins and amino acids. The diagram shows the
Nitrogen Cycle in nature.

Image reproduced with permission from Raeky/Wikipedia

Which of the following statements is TRUE, based on the above information?

A. Plants get the nitrogen they need from breathing in air.

B. Atmospheric nitrogen is produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
C. Nitrification is the process where bacteria produce ammonium.
D. Rabbits can only get the nitrogen they need by consuming plants.

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for Questions 13 & 14

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2015 was awarded to three scientists, Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar. They
each studied properties of deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, sometimes called the “molecule of life”. This molecule contains the genetic
material in the cell of each living thing. In order to make new cells, the DNA molecule needs to be copied exactly.

Nobel Scientist Discovery

Firstly he discovered that, on its own, the DNA molecule decays, or breaks down, much quicker than expected.
Tomas Lindahl
However, he then discovered that our cells have molecular machinery to stop DNA from breaking down.
When our DNA is copied to make new cells, mistakes in the molecule can be made. He discovered how cells
Paul Modrich
repair the vast majority of these mistakes.
DNA can be damaged by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. He showed how cells fix this damage caused by UV
Aziz Sancar
radiation.

Question 13.

Which of the following statements is TRUE, based on the information above?

A. Changes in the DNA molecule can occur naturally.

B. UV radiation stops DNA from being copied by cells.
C. When DNA is copied, the acid eats away at the cell.
D. When DNA breaks down, it produces UV radiation.

Question 14.

DNA has a double-helix structure, that is it looks like a ladder that has been twisted.
Which of the following shows the correct three-dimensional shape of DNA?

A. B. C. D.

Information for Questions 15 & 16

Below are some substances and some of their properties.

Substance Magnetic? Mixed with water? Conducts electricity?

Copper shavings No Sinks Yes
Sand No Sinks No
Table salt No Dissolves No
Copper(II) sulfate No Dissolves No
Styrofoam balls No Floats No

A student had a small mixture of copper shavings, sand, salt and Styrofoam balls in Beaker 1. The student used the following
steps to separate a small sample of the mixture.

Step I. Swirl a magnet around the mixture and place any substances that stick to the magnet in Beaker 2.
Step II. Half fill Beaker 1 with water and stir.
Step III. Using a tea strainer (small sieve), scoop up any substance floating on the water and place in Beaker 3.
Step IV. Filter the mixture. Place the filter paper, with any substance, on a watch glass to dry.
Step V. Collect anything that went through the filter paper in Beaker 4.

Question 15.

What was collected and placed in Beaker 2 after completing Step I?

A. Sand B. Sand and copper shavings

C. Copper shavings D. Nothing.

Question 16.

What was collected in Beaker 4 after Step V?

A. Salt only B. Salt and copper sulfate only C. Sand only D. Salt water only

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 17.

When 5.1 litres of water vapour at 100 C were cooled to room temperature, it condensed to form 3.0 mL of liquid water, which had
a mass of 3.0 grams.

Which statement about the water is most likely to be TRUE?

A. Water vapour is weightless, but gets mass when it condenses to liquid.

B. When the water vapour condenses, the molecules move close together.
C. The mass of the water vapour was 5.1 kilograms.
D. There are more molecules in the 5.1 litres of water vapour than in the 3.0 grams of liquid water.

Information for Questions 18 & 19

Solubility is a measure of how much of a substance will dissolve in a liquid, such as table salt in water. The graph shows how
changing temperature affects the solubility in water of three different substances.

60
Solubility (g/L)

Substance 1
Substance 2
40

20
Substance 3
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (C)

Question 18.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. For Substance 1, as temperature increases, solubility decreases.

B. About twice as much of Substance 2 will dissolve at 70 C than will dissolve at 0 C.
C. At 20 C, about twice as much of Substance 1 will dissolve compared to Substance 3.
D. More of Substance 3 will dissolve at 60 C than of Substance 1 at 20 C.

Question 19.

A sample of Substance 2 (40.0 g) was placed in 1000 mL of water. The solution was heated and stirred until all of the solid had
dissolved. The solution was then cooled down to 20 C. At this stage some of the solid had recrystallised out of solution.
Approximately what mass of Substance 2 recrystallised?

A. 10 g B. 20 g C. 30 g D. 35 g

Question 20.

The chemicals in food include proteins, carbohydrates and water. Proteins can be found in meat and animal products, such as milk
and eggs. The carbohydrates group includes the simple sugars (like glucose and sucrose), starch and cellulose. Wheat, potatoes
and rice are all sources of starch. Honey contains fructose and glucose. A student tested four foods labelled J, K, L and M.

Food Protein test Glucose test Starch test Water content

J No No No 95%
K No Yes No 15%
L Yes No No 35%
M No No Yes 35%

The foods tested were bread, cheese, honey and lettuce. Which were the correct labels for the different foods?

Bread Cheese Honey Lettuce

A. M K L J
B. M L K J
C. L M K J
D. J K L M

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for Questions 21, 22 & 23

Below is a table that compares the relative masses of some molecules. That is, how much heavier these molecules are
compared to a hydrogen (H) atom (= 1).

Molecule H2 H2O CO N2 O2 CO2 SO2

Relative mass 2 18 28 28 32 44 64

Question 21.

One sulfur dioxide (SO2) molecule is

A. heavier than two carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules. B. lighter than four water (H2O) molecules.
C. heavier than 35 hydrogen (H2) molecules. D. lighter than two oxygen (O2) molecules.

Question 22.

Using the data in the table, the relative mass of ammonia (NH3) is
A. 12. B. 14. C. 15. D. 17.

Question 23.

Avogadro’s Law of Gases says that one litre of a gas, at the same temperature and pressure, will contain the same number of
molecules as one litre of any other gas. For example, one litre of hydrogen gas contains the same number of molecules as one litre
of oxygen gas. However, because each oxygen molecule (relative mass = 32) has a greater mass than each hydrogen molecule
(relative mass = 2), one litre of oxygen gas has a mass that is 16 times more than one litre of hydrogen gas.
Which of the following is TRUE, based on Avogadro’s Law for Gases at the same temperature and pressure?

A. One litre of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules has the same mass as one litre of nitrogen (N2) molecules.
B. One litre of nitrogen (N2) molecules has a greater mass as one litre of oxygen (O2) molecules.
C. One litre of water vapour (H2O) has the same mass as ten litres of hydrogen (H2) molecules.
D. One litre of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules has a greater mass as one litre of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules.

Question 24.

A student has four solid pure substances, W, X, Y and Z, in four separate beakers. The student is told that, in no particular order,
the substances are sugar, table salt, bicarb soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) and magnesium metal. The student then carries out
some tests and observations. The results are recorded in the table.

Substance Colour Dissolves in water? Reacts with dilute acid? Burns in air?
W White Yes Yes, bubbles form No
X White Yes No Yes, charred and smelled like toffee
Y Silver A slight reaction Yes, bubbles form Yes, and made a bright light
Z White Yes No No

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Substance W is magnesium and Z is table salt.

B. Substance W is sugar and Y is magnesium.
C. Substance W is magnesium and X is sugar.
D. Substance X is sugar and Y is magnesium.

Question 25.

The density of water at 25 C is 1.0 g/mL. The density of ice (at 0 C) is 0.92 g/mL, which is why ice floats on liquid water.
Which of the following has the greatest mass? (Assume that the water is at 25 C and the ice is at 0 C).

A. 200 mL of water and 100 mL of ice

B. 150 mL of water and 150 mL of ice
C. 50 mL of water and 250 mL of ice
D. 100 mL of water and 200 mL of ice

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for Questions 26 & 27

Ethanol can be produced by two methods: one starting with sugar cane, the other with crude oil, which is a mixture of organic
molecules, such as petrol and kerosene, with a wide range of boiling points.
Each method can be represented by a separate flow diagram:

P Q R
Method 1: Sugar cane  glucose  ethanol/water mixture  ethanol

S T U
Method 2: Crude oil  alkane mixture  ethene  ethanol

Question 26.

Each letter, P, Q, R, S, T and U, represents a process or combination of processes, including chemical and physical changes.
Fermentation is a biochemical process used to make alcoholic drinks like beer and wine. In this chemical reaction, simple sugars
are transformed into ethanol.
Which step uses fermentation?

A. P B. Q C. T D. U

Question 27.

Two of the important molecules in Method 2 are shown below.

Ethene (also known as ethylene) Ethanol

In Process U, one molecule of ethene reacts with reactant X to produce one molecule of ethanol.

Reactant X is

A. one molecule of water, H2O B. one molecule of hydrogen, H2

-
C. one molecule of oxygen, O2 D. one hydroxide ion, OH

Information for Questions 28, 29 & 30

Sometimes a chemical reaction has the exact amounts of materials that react. However, usually one reactant is used up before the
other one. The one that is used up first is called the limiting reagent because it limits how much product can be made.

Question 28.

The diagram shows a reaction between two substances X2 and XY2 producing X3Y and Y2.

What is the limiting reagent in this reaction, that is, which reactant is completely used up?

A. X2 B. XY2 C. X3Y D. Y2

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 29.

Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas react to form water, as described in the following word equation:

hydrogen gas + oxygen gas  water vapour

In one experiment, 20 litres of hydrogen gas reacted with 5 litres of oxygen gas, all at room temperature. After the mixture was
reacted and cooled down to room temperature, so that all of the water condensed (negligible volume), there were 10 litres of
hydrogen gas left after the reaction.

+  +
20 litres of 5 litres of Condensed water 10 litres of
hydrogen oxygen hydrogen

The experiment was repeated but using 20 litres of hydrogen gas and 20 litres of oxygen gas. This time, only 10 litres of oxygen
gas were left after the reaction.

+  +
20 litres of 20 litres of Condensed water 10 litres of
hydrogen oxygen oxygen

The experiment was repeated with 10 litres of hydrogen gas, so that only water remained at the end.

+ ? 
10 litres of ? litres of Condensed water
hydrogen oxygen

What volume of oxygen gas was needed react exactly with 10 litres of hydrogen gas?
A. 5 litres B. 6 litres C. 10 litres D. 15 litres

Question 30.

Beaker 1 contained a solution of potassium iodide and Beaker 2 contained a solution of lead nitrate. Each solution was added to
Beaker 3 and a bright yellow lead iodide precipitate (solid) was formed, as well as some solution remaining. The contents of
Beaker 3, including the lead iodide precipitate, were filtered, with a clear solution collected in Beaker 4.

+  
Beaker 1 – Beaker 2 – Beaker 3 with lead filtered Beaker 4
potassium iodide lead nitrate iodide precipitate

To Beaker 4, two drops of potassium iodide solution was added and again a yellow precipitate formed.

+ 
Beaker 4 2 drops of yellow precipitate
potassium iodide

Before adding any drops, Beaker 4 must have

A. contained some potassium iodide. B. only contained water.

C. contained some lead nitrate. D. only contained potassium iodide.

Questions compiled & typeset by Andrew Eaton, Wollondilly Anglican College, NSW, with thanks for advice and assistance from Susan Margan, Martin
Sormus, Adrian George, Tanweer Qadri and Regina Menz, NSW; and Jenny Sharwood and Roger Stapleford, Vic.

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 ANCQ 2016 YEARS 7 & 8
Page can be used for rough workings

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