I am to salute you. My name is perhaps non-to-you. He was called the Black George Washington.

He fought off three empires and enraged Napoleon. The prospect of a Black Republic is equally
disturbing to the Spanish, the English and the Americans. He championed Liberty, inegality for all,
to serve El Tio and the Haitian Revolution. Haiti is always described as the poorest country in the
Western hemisphere. But during its height, as sent a man, it was the richest place in the Americas.
The thing about it though was that this richness was all rooted in slaves. Its wealth was based on
human capital, on owning that human capital. All day, as long as the sun is shining, the man are
bending over and swaying a much if the foot of the sugar cane. The world as you know it,
disappear. Therefore you become an animal and you expect to live like an animal. The dominion of
the master had to be absolute, but that absoluteness itself made the master into something other
than human as well. Liberty, equality for eternity. That was new for the world. To Saint-Levetieu is
the epitome of humanity. He realized early on that the condition he was in was totally
unsufferable. To Saint-Levetieu, we could about 3 to 4,000 people trained them in default. The
French, the British and the Spanish army for 12 years. They burned the mechanisms of their
production. They've burning the plantation fields, burning down the houses. It was a wholesale
massacre on a really, really enormous scale. It was big, the egg major payback to time. The Haitian
Revolution is probably the most profound evolution. Ever realized by human beings. The only place
where slaves created the nation. But nobody wants to talk about it. In the summer of 1789, when
Haiti was still the dormant colony of Sendo-Meng, it was friends that grabbed the world's
attention. Parisian mobs rioted against the French king and against their own desperate poverty.
Chanting slogans for liberty, equality and brotherhood. They sparked a revolution that would feel
history books for centuries to come. The trick about the French Revolution was that it meant a lot
of different things to a lot of different people. In the streets of Paris, the French Revolution meant
an end to the appalling privileges of wealth. And friends' brand new Congress called the National
Assembly, it meant the ideas of Europe's most radical thinkers could be realized. Nobody knows
exactly what's going to come out of it. But just the idea of having rights, the idea that all people
have rights, that those rights are inherent. This was something that obviously philosophers had
written about before, but during the course of the French Revolution, it was written down in a text
called the Declaration of the Rights of Man. It's a dangerous idea because the society is based on
inequality. That's what makes it work, because it was not supposed to work for everybody. It was
supposed to work for a minority. What was a dangerous idea in France was even more dangerous,
and it's slave holding colonies of the coast of Florida, Martinique, Gwedlop, and an island known as
the Pearl of the Antilles. Today the Western half is Haiti. Then it was the French colony of
Sandomeng. One thing that's fascinating about that time, people think things were very far away,
they were not. Nios traveled very, very fast. We have to remember that the ocean was like a
highway in the 18th century. The ships were constantly bringing news back and forth. Everyone
was obsessed with news. Sailors would come off the ships. They were the first people they would
talk to, the people they would work with as they were unloading the ships. We're enslaved people,
so we're reports who were describing the events that have been going on in Paris to the enslaved
that are working alongside of them. Few intended colonial slaves should take democratic ideas too
hard. Far too much was at stake. Sugar greets the wheels of the 18th century economy. And
Sandomeng was the sugar capital of the world. It was easy even for French political radicals to
ignore the agony that made it all possible. The leaves of the sugar came. I just like mini-skilled salt.
If they caught you, you may not even see it. When you first fire, the sweat gets in it and it burns. In
the roots, they are ants, the bite. And when they bite you, you will scratch yourself for half a day. If
the work of the fuse to work, well, they are long, you just should hit them. The whole concept of
slavery itself is a totally savage one. The French, they brought it down to science. The slaves
coming from Africa would not last three years, the way the system was organized. They had it
down to that kind of statistics. They did it very systematically and it was very successful. Slavery
and Sandomeng succeeded too on a foundation of relentless terror. Slavery, dear slaves challenged
and experienced a connection with coward, he claimed as a rational management. Slow
punishment makes the gr brighter and precious in quick, or violent ones. Those of 52-áltaes
increased from the US and the US. with a ministered in a quarter of an hour. This is far more likely
to make an impression. The accounts about the tortures infected on slaves are often horrifying.
Legs cut off or arms cut off amputations for runaways, rubbing hot power or pepper or and so
forth into the wounds. Slaves actually hung in left-to-die. You can kind of imagine that there's kind
of world in which essentially human life was given so little value that these tortures were kind of
refined to this incredible, cruel effect. Despite the brutal tools of control, some blacks managed to
escape slavery. Many had been born free, fathered by white plenters. Others had gained freedom
to their own wits or talents. One such man was to say, Lovéltu. I was born a slave, but Nietzsche
gave me the soul of a free man. Two centuries ago, he was a very determined man. He was a very
ambitious man. And in my opinion, he was a genius. Two sides, I think, one of the most incredible
figures that I know about him in many ways. He's born on a plantation in Sendemang. He grows up
on that plantation. That plantation was owned by a man who was tolerant for the times to say it
was to our to weed and write as a child. He eventually occupies a somewhat privileged role. You
can say that on a plantation as a coachman and has a kind of relationship with the managers and
masters. In some ways, he becomes free in the 1770s. So he's somebody who kind of occupied
different roles in society. And I think that's the key for understanding to set is that he saw
possibilities where other people didn't. He had businesses, had contacts in the US and elsewhere,
back up couch, Managed as a fair, pretty well. The man was endless in organizational capacity. I
mean, he would have been a fantastic CEO today. To say, didn't record his first reactions to the
revolution in France, but his fellow free Sendemangans, the white colonials, and the mixed race
population were transfixed. In 1789, there were about 40,000 white people in about 30,000
colored people who were of course their signs and cousins and so on and so forth. Who were
landowners themselves, many of them slave owners themselves, many of them, very effective
businessmen, many of them, involved romantically with the white master class. One of the things
that's important to remember about Haiti and race is it wasn't simply black and white. Instead, you
had numerous gradations of color. One historian went so far as to give 110 categories of color from
absolute black to absolute white, and to each combination he gave a name, Moulato, quadrune,
Mama Luke, and what he was accounting for was the drops of black blood. White hoped for more
control over the colony's governance, but the colony's mixed race population hoped for more
fundamental changes. They had been born free, but not equal. They had to show physical respects
for the white. Stand up when the eyeing presence of a white, called them Mr or whatever, titled
they wanted to have. It was not easy for them, and that's exactly why they were the first one
before the blacks. They were the first one to ask for equality. The mixed race population of Sandu
Ming decided their chance had come in 1791. They sent a petition to France's new government
asking for the rights of citizenship. This was a powerful message to have been taking place in the
society that was explicitly organized on inequality. It's like dynamite. The petition asked for civil
protections, and it enraged the island's white population. Working class colonists began a full-scale
intimidation campaign. They threatened, beat, and murdered mixed race residents in the capital.
But the petition met a different reception back in Paris. The new breed of delegates in the National
Assembly issued a landmark decree. They extended equal rights to the small population of mixed
race people born of two free parents. Despite the reforms limited extent, the governor of Sandu
Ming refused to obey. Colonial whites felt profoundly betrayed. Some such as a plan to his wife
named Madame Deauvre began discussing radical thoughts of their own. The good lord who
created the son which gives us light from above, who rouses the sea and makes the thunder roar.
Bookman Deauvre was a slave and a voodoo priest. Throw away the image of the god of the whites
who thirst for out tears, and listen to the voice of liberty which speaks in the hearts of all of us. In
August 1791, a Sandu Ming's white and mixed race population squared off for a showdown.
Bookman called together slaves from neighbouring plantations. They had been kidnapped from
different parts of Africa and the voodoo religion was their common culture. Bookman had called
them an area called Wakayama. First on the agenda was strategy. That ceremony of Wakayama is
the first Haitian congress the beginning of the revolution. The winner, one of the most important
contestants is Africa. The 주세요 and freedom is a tens of thousands of the members of this arena.
view of the city of Sic sioths votre mon erg le la fr Fif tracking país en disturbed haben et aplicieriev
Diskadu each other to succeed. They even said that the killed a pig and the drunk, the blood. This
is what we call a communion. Communion that to keep what you have heard, what you have said,
would themselves. The God of the White men calls him to commit crimes. Our God orders
revenge. He will direct our hands. He will aid us. On the night of August 22nd, 1791, a thousand
enslaved Africans attacked their masters. That's why the revolution was fairly brutal. This is that
hatred in the first day that came out. The rebel numbers grew from 1,000 to 20,000. As newly-
buried slaves, Bern King fields and refineries, in order to destroy the system that has enslave them.
Within three years, the most profitable plantations in the Americas had been laid waste, 184 sugar
plantations and 1,000 coffee farms. Wites and mixed waste people fled to the capital city for
mutual protection. From there, they watched firestorms on all the rice ends. Do you have a fiery
cataclysm of enormous scale? People on ships in the harbor supposedly could read their mail by
the light of these fires. 10, 15, 20 miles away. The eruption of violence put to San Ovelture in a
difficult position. His own fortunes were tied to the plantation system. And he had straddled the
white and black worlds for some 15 years. Tulsa was no longer a slave. He did not have the
mentality of a slave. He was the owner of two or three plantations. He was not of the same class
anymore. He's interest were different from the interest of the masses. But to sense first reaction to
the raging violence was based neither on money nor race. It was personal. He went back to the
plantation where he had been born to protect his former owners. It's true that Tulsa and the
vegetable did return to the plantation in the early days of the insurrection and kind of maintain
order there. And there's a question of why, why would he do that? Tulsa was somebody who
understood the value of humanity in many ways. And he probably had gained that precisely from
being on the receiving end of slavery. Back in the capital city, Azdu said helped his former master
flee the violence. Sendomang's whites repelled a salt after assault. They soon regrouped and
launched their own offensive. The bloodletting continued day after day, week after soul numbing
week. French colonist, perfil, il acqua. Three months after the revolution started, the Voodoo
priest, Bookman Dottie, was killed in battle. White soldiers decapitated him and burned his body
and view of the rebel camp. And the words of one observer, the conflict in Sendomang had
become an exterminating war. In the autumn of 1791, Tulsa revealed to you, could no longer sit on
the sidelines. Despite a wife and children, despite the chance, even of losing his own freedom,
Tulsa didn't hesitate long. He left everything, he dropped everything and he went to the mountain.
It was an act of extraordinary risk. The islands 500,000 slaves outnumbered whites by 1221. But
their ultimate prospects were poor. Few had experienced and military strategy, and they had no
unifying history or long-term vision. The fact is, a lot of people didn't really know what freedom
was supposed to look like. Nobody had really even theorized or imagined this before. To sit on the
other hand, had a unique window on the world. He was schooled in African and European cultural
like, and had read some of France's most radical thinkers. To sit had certainly read a text by
Labrinole, which predicted that out of the colonial slave system, with its frightening imbalance of
numbers and horrible suffering, and all of that, there would emerge a leader, revolutionarily
leader. I believe right now referred to him as a black Spartacus. This sounds a little person, and
there's no way you would have missed this. As rebel leaders struggled to forge a discipline fighting
force, to sense talents and intellect set him apart. Then, in December 1791, some four months
after the rebellion began, black enthusiasm began to crumble. The new French government in Paris
set more than 10,000 military reinforcements to help the colonists reestablish white rule. Supplies
were scarce in the mountains and winter brought famine to the rebel lines. Thousands began to
surrender. Two-cells were here, but it's not somebody who liked violence really. He was good at it
if he had to do it, but he preferred to use negotiation to diplomacy, to alter it or anything, but if
that didn't work, he killed you, never. But he tried anything else first. To Sennavel II was asked to
write a placetlement offer, and exchange for the freedom of 200 slave leaders and better working
conditions on the plantations, the proposal offered to send most of the rebels back to the
plantation. It was a stark recognition of 18th century realities. Sometimes it's easy to look back at
this and suggest that they were willing to sell out their followers. While the terms I think it's true
are troubling in some ways, they were also trying to seek some change. And I think the key here is
that it was really difficult to imagine that you would actually eliminate slavery. New friends'
commissioners had just arrived from Paris to restore order. More liberal than the plantars, the urge
Sennavel II to accept the rebels' offer, and they called slave leaders to the capital of Lucca from
negotiations. Trust was minimal. Some slave rebels wanted to kill their white prisoners, but to
Sennavel II argued against it. He wanted the whites we turn to look at as a gesture of goodwill. So
Tursat is sent to negotiate with the planters, with the idea that a sense of settlement can be
reached. The settlement is not only for the freedom of some of the insurgent leaders, but also for
some reforms on the plantation. Small reforms, but reforms that at least in the letters they
described their followers really want. Whether the small group of leaders actually would have had
the power to say to all of these people that they taken out. Okay, you're going back to work now,
here's your change. I don't know. As it happened that white people were subshortsided that they
didn't even give them the opportunity to try. The whites didn't know. This didn't know because at
that time they were the one who wanted revenge. They forgot about what they have done for
three centuries, and they think that they were the victims in the thing. So they have to avenge
themselves. So they're not going to forgive or forget anything. They refuse. Of course, he's taken
up arms against them. But at the same time, he's made a lot of concessions and he's struggle
against his own followers to say, Look, we're going to treat the prisoners well, we're going to trade
with them, we're willing to make a deal, and to have that refused by the planter class. I think
certainly must have had a radicalizing effect. To say support for settlement abruptly ended, and
with it, the best still the whites would ever see. The Democratic Revolution had turned to terror.
The French's Revolutionary Army was at war with neighboring countries. Its radical leaders sought
to purge themselves of enemies from within. The executed thousands. In an era of war, the former
enemies from within. The executed thousands. In an early 1793, they did the unthinkable. The
revolutionary government beheaded the king. Events and threats were moving faster than anyone
had ever intended. I mean, this was volcanic upheaval. A true class revolution that turned
everything completely upside down. And each repel that came out would strike the shores of
Sando-Man. One of the biggest repels from France that watched and to Sando-Man's shores was a
commissioner named Leji Felicity, Sonto-Nax. He was a French Revolutionary with radical ideas
about life in the colony. Sonto-Nax arrives in Sando-Man having already had bad words set about
him. There are people who've actually written from France to the colonist in Sando-Man saying,
Watch out for this guy. He's an abolitionist. He wants to abolish slavery. Sando-Man's mixed-waste
population had so far retained its fragile alignment with the whites. To ensure that continued,
Sonto-Nax created a representational council on the island and invited mixed-trace citizens to
serve. He even brought mixed-trace men into the colonial government. And a lot of white plentiers
are really, really upset about that and see him as that is a really destructive force. The white plan to
his head cause for worry less than two years after joining the rebellion, to Sando-Vealtur had risen
to the top of the rebel army. I am to Sando-Vealtur. My name is perhaps Nondu-Yu. In 1793, he
wrote an open letter to the island's disenfranchised. I have under taken vengeance. I want liberty
and equality to reign in Sando-Man. I work to bring them into existence. You unite yourselves to us,
paradaries, and fight with us for the same cause. With his letter, he announces two things. He
announces first of all his commitment to the process, to the project of emancipation, and
announces his presence as a leader, maybe even the leader. He has gained great respect from his
followers. And with this proclamation, he's essentially saying, you want freedom, and I'm the one
who's going to bring you that freedom. So, I'm the person to follow in this regard. But to say at this
time, was addressing the wider world, too. He was particularly focused on Spain. The Spanish
wanted to settle the colony away from France. For two reasons, first the colony was very, very
prosperous in spite of the war. And second, that prosperity was used by the French Revolution to
combat them in Europe. Spain controlled Sando-Man's neighboring colony, so in June of 1793, to
send a struck a deal. Spanish garrisons, just over the border, provided guns and ammunition to the
slave army, and tipped the balance their way. To send forces captured three cities within eight
months. Sando-Man's white planters were desperate, many hated the new order in France. And a
treasonous move, they invited the British to help put down the slave rebellion. Now, the empires
of France, Spain, and England, along with the vast army of former slaves, were fighting for control
of the small island colony. Then, in early 1794, events and Paris caused another explosion in the
colony. A multi-racial delegation from Sando-Man had appeared in France's National Assembly.
They had been sent by Commissioner Santo-Nax with a dramatic message. He had pledged
freedom to send him in slaves for fighting the armies of Britain and Spain. The MSIRs made a
compelling argument. These are the principles and the ideals of France, and we fully represent
them, and we wish to continue represent them on our island. And so we've come to present our
arguments about why we are in fact truly committed to those ideas and principles, and how we
pitomize these principles of the French Revolution. I think it was very powerful for the
representatives of France to hear, essentially that what had happened in the Caribbean is that the
white slave owners had deserted France. They had gone over to the British, they had fought
against their Republic, and the true people, the true Republicans in Sando-Man, where these
enslaved people who just wanted their freedom. The French National Assembly endorsed the
emancipation of Sando-Man-Gian slaves, but that was not all. The delegates freed slaves
throughout the entire empire, too. And there's rejoicing in celebration. There's an older woman, a
free woman of color, who's traditionally gone to the debates, who sort of sheds tears and is
brought down and celebrated it as part of this moment. And there are speeches and parrists,
celebrations of the event throughout France. It's really seen as a kind of triumph for the French
Revolution, for the ideals of the French Revolution, that this worst form of hierarchy, enslavement,
and oppression has been abolished in the Caribbean. It was utterly unprecedented, and a stroke
nearly a million black slaves had become French citizens. The French Revolutionary Government
had freed its slaves, reached Sando-Man quickly. It was one of history's great watersheds, and,
largely, to the extraordinary military accomplishments of two-Sans Army. But the credit did not rest
with to sail long. He had several able commanders working under him, men like Jacques-Dé Saline,
who shared his soldiers' life experiences more closely than to sail. They saline had been mistreated
in slavery considerably. Wept a lot. He had tremendous whip scars on his back that he liked to
display on occasion. He had deep, resurfaced, anger and violence, but also a very intelligent man.
For desaline and to set emancipation changed everything. They quickly trim their cells to the new
order. To say we realized that Spain, had a king, England had a king, and France was talking about
liberty equality fraternity. All men equal. So he realized that although the divorce started by
fighting the French, the French right now could be the best help they could receive. So he would
join the French. After three years in opposition, to Saint-Levaux-Touille was once again a loyal
friend, citizen, so were his followers. It tipped the balance. Before long, to se desaline, in the army
of ex-laves, push the Spanish out of Saint-Lumagne. The British soon followed. Word of two-Sense
astonishing string of victories against white armies was spreading across the European world. They
didn't like it. They didn't like it at all. That there was a black general beating white armies. They
didn't like it. Slaveholders everywhere were stunned and worried. In the United States for instance,
an incubar. They didn't want even white Frenchmen to come. Because they would tell the story.
Why are you running away from Saint-Lumagne? They would answer that. In no matter what the
answer, it would be known that there was a black revolt. We confronted Dancers in order to gain a
liberty and we will be able to confront death in order to keep it. Slaves had once accepted they
chained because they had not experienced a state happier than slavery. But those days are over.
The people of Saint-Lumagne grew rather be buried in the ruin of their country than suffer the
return of slavery. To say his ringing language should his profound attachment to democratic ideals.
But there was another side to to send to. Anybody who looked like they threatened to say either
ended up dead or deported. To say had already been appointed Brigadier General and then
Governor of St. O'Meng. No black men had ever risen so far in the colonies. But to say had a rival.
The beloved French civil commissioner, Felicity, Sonto Nax. Sonto Nax was extremely popular
because he was the one to say, okay, slavery is abolished. He was very popular and the blacks used
to call him papas Sonto Nax. That didn't go well with Tuse. To say he is very friendly with Sonto Nax
as long as Sonto Nax can serve his purposes. And nothing personal about it once at the Mac
becomes used as he will send him back over there. Let's simple as that. In 1797, to say in fact no
longer needed Sonto Nax. In a series of political maneuvers, he isolated the civil commissioner.
Then in August, he forced Sonto Nax off the island. To sell the veal tour had triumphed again. In
1798, Sonto Nax was evicting the last of the British from his island. Another French general, battled
British interest, halfway around the world in Egypt. His name was Napoliol Bonaparte. Well, Tusei
and Napoleon, in many ways, are similar. Both were a little bit from the margins of French society.
They succeeded through military brilliance, and they were both incredible military leaders. And
they became political leaders as a result of their military experience. But Napoliol's victories would
put Tusei's at risk. Just months after conquering Egypt, Napoliol marched into Paris. A coup d'état
toppled the revolutionary government in Napoliol took the reins of power. The revolution is over,
he declared, I am the revolution. As Napoliol is rising to power in France, Tusei is watching closely
about what's going on. He knows several things. He knows first of all that there are various
powerful, pro-slavery voices in France, who are agitating against him, attacking him, and proposing
that slavery actually be recreated in some form in sentiment. To symbolize Sendo-Meng survival in
the survival of freedom itself, depend on his ability to mobilize people to rebuild the devastated
economy. And in Tusei's mind, that meant one thing. His black followers should return to the
kingfields. There were some compelling reasons for that. Mainly in Tusei's situation, he was really
in a bind at that point. And the sense that his hope for peace was restoring productivity on the
plantations, recreating the sugar trade, and particularly. But nobody wanted to go back to that kind
of work. So he pretty well had to force them. And then the people, again, are saying, this is a lot
like slavery. He was strong, maybe a little push-tongue with the blacks in civil locations, but he had
to do it. He had to do it. To be a little, you got to know where to lay back, and we have to know
when to say, okay guys, go ahead, let's do it. If you don't do it, however the consequences you'll
pay for it. Most newly freed slaves didn't say it that way. They wanted to work for themselves,
going crops for food rather than export. To send lust to a began to tarnish. Napoleon, on the other
hand, was riding high. He restructed the government and proclaimed a new constitution for
France. Far from enshrining black emancipation, it opened the door for France to reinstitute
slavery in its colonies. When Louvre had to have heard that, he really understood that something
was changing. And more ominously understood that he didn't have any way to influence Napoleon.
And so what he did in a kind of typical to sound fashion is responded by saying, okay, send a man
goes going to have its own laws. Well, here they are. I'm in charge here. I might as well write the
constitution. To say his constitution, decreed slavery would never exist in Sendo-Mang again. And it
was the first in history to prohibit discrimination based on skin color, a milestone that US law
would not guarantee for another 150 years. The constitution had troubling elements too. It made
to say governor for life with sol authority to designate his successor. To say that's great hero to me,
but this was not a good idea. I mean, he basically with that gesture installed permanent military
dictatorship, which is remained a problem in 84 for two centuries. They could have done what he
needed to do without that other thing, not quite sure why he did it. But that was enough to
understand Napoleon over the edge. Napoleon Bonaparte had had enough of revolution. And
according to Napoleon, the US president Thomas Jefferson shared his view. The prospect of a black
republic is equally disturbing to the Spanish, the English and the Americans. Jefferson has
promised that the instant French army has arrived, all measures will be taken to star to star.
Readers of these guilty niggas, and we will have nothing more to wish for. To centred urgently to
show Napoleon that military logic, if nothing else, proved the merit of black ambitions, to set was
writing Napoleon, he wanted so much to be recognized as saving this land for France. His efforts
failed, in 1802, to say was stunned, to see the largest French expeditionary force ever assembled
entering St. Louis Harbor. Its mission was simple, Napoleon wanted to turn back the clock. My
decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in St. O'Mang is not so much based on consideration
of commerce and money, as on the need to block forever, the march of the blacks in the world. To
sell the value of 40 invading French army for three grilling months, but the island's black
population now disincented with his leadership, or for lackluster support. On May 6, 1802, to sail
over to your surrendered, at first he was allowed to be tired from the army with full honors. But a
month later he was called to a meeting with the French commander. If I wanted to count all the
services that I have rendered to the French government, I will need several volumes and still I
wouldn't finish it all. To say was arrested on charges of conspiracy. He wrote some stuff that's very
eloquent, saying, I'd rather suspect that it's because of my color that you're treating me like a
common criminal, although I prefer not to believe this. The company said me for all the services,
they arrested me arbitrarily in St. O'Mang. They choked me and dragged me like a criminal without
any decorum or concern for my rank. Is that the recompense do my work? Normally, a midness
French officer would have been brought before military tribunal, so he comports himself as if he's
going to have a military trial. To sense sons had been educated and friends, they had even met
Napoleon, hoping again that Napoleon would understand his thinking to sympathize with his own
people. Sendo-Mang, we made mostly calm and to says wake, Jean-Caix-Dicelline and the other
black officers continued cooperating with French general Victor Lucleur. But then, news arrived
from the nearby colony of Guadeloupe. Napoleon had reinstated slavery. Lucleur reported that he
had desolanded his pocket and controlled him and had mastered his spirit while high. He was
extremely wrong about that. Sendo-Mang erupted and anger and fear, desalien quickly broke from
France. One more time, the former slaves of Sendo-Mang took to the field, against European
armies. Desoline is a no-whose bar, no compromising leader and figure who is going to eradicate
anything that stands in the way of what the people have been mobilizing towards. That's generally
reported that they suddenly killed all the white people of Massacre of all white people, can race
more. Now that really, there is one report by survivor he managed to get out to escape by
masquerading as an American, because Desoline was not killing Americans or English, just French.
One fleeing white Pierre-Chazard paused an amount in top to observe the devastation. A
previously been laid down. The war becomes this extreme scorched earth campaign in which
desoline and others burn the towns in order to basically leave the French with no choice but to
depart. Desoline scorched earth tactics worked. In 1803, the French army was finally driven out.
50,000 French soldiers had died. In Sendo-Mang, Haiti became the world's first black Republic. This
is a powerful story. It wasn't just an anti-colonial revolution, but it wasn't also an anti-slavery
revolution in that it said, your economy and your privilege, which is based on forced labor, cannot
stand, it will not stand. It's a message that translates through time. Independence is the strongest
feeling of human being. I think we all in some ways haven't inherited something from this
revolution, because it's really the first place that people insisted absolutely that human rights were
for all people. It's something that everybody should know about it. To know exactly what our
species, not black people, but our species can realize. But to Sendo-Mang, never lived to see
victory. By the time Haiti attained the gold, he fought so hard to achieve, the imprisoned
revolutionary had died in a freezing cell in the mountains of France. And overthrowing me, L'Ovel-2
wrote as he left for France, you have only cut down the trunk of the liberty tree of the blacks and
Sendo-Mang. It will spring back from the roots for their numerous and deep. The revolution is
available on DVD. The companion book is also available to order visit shop.ps.org or call us at 1-
800-Play-PBS. The first book is available to the people in the mountains of France. The second book
is available to the people in the mountains of France. The second book is available to the people in
the mountains of France. The second book is available to the people in the mountains of France.
The second book is available to the people in the mountains of France. The second book is
available to the people in the mountains of France. This program was made possible by the
Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like
you. Thank you.