Scrum PSK-I

Professional Scrum with Kanban level I

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Question 1
Which of the following metrics will likely be reviewed by at the Daily Scrum for a Scrum Team using
Kanban? (choose the best two answers)

Options:

A. Work Age Item.

B. Velocity.

C. Cycle Time.

D. Throughput.

E. Work in Progress (WIP).

F. Lead Time.

Answer: A, E

Explanation:
The Daily Scrum takes place around the Kanban board and focuses on inspection of leading indicators
(WIP, Work Age Item) to identify where flow is lacking and on what actions the Scrum Team can take to
get it back from the event.

Question 2
Which three statements best describe a Scrum Team's definition of "Workflow"? (choose the best 3
answers)

Options:

A. It helps management track a work item's percentage of completeness.

B. It provides a common understanding of when the Scrum Team considers work to be started and

finished.

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C. It describes how value flows through the system.

D. It creates transparency over policies related to Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.

E. It is used as a check off list for state that each work item must go through before it is considered

'done'.

F. It provides policies that create quality gateways between development handoff phases.

Answer: B, C, D

Explanation:
The definition of "Workflow" represents the Scrum Team members’ explicit understanding of what their
policies are for following the Kanban practices. This shared understanding improves transparency and
enables self-organization and should include the following:
Defined points at which the Scrum Team considers work to have started and to have finished.
A definition of the work items – the individual units of value (stakeholder value, knowledge value,
process improvement value) that are flowing through the Scrum Team’s system (most likely Product
Backlog Items (PBIs)).
A definition of the workflow states that the work items flow through from start to finish (of which there
must be at least one active state).
Explicit policies about how work flows through each state (which may include items from a Scrum
Team’s definition of "Done" and pull policies between stages).
Policies for limiting Work in Progress (WIP).

Question 3
The definition of "Workflow" typically includes: (choose the best four answers)

Options:

A. The active states for the work items.

B. A shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is defined (work items).

C. A definition of customer value.

D. The start state of the process.

E. The finished state of the process.

Answer: A, B, D, E

Explanation:
The following are aspects of the Definition of "Workflow" the Scrum Team might adopt:
Visualization policies – for example, workflow states – either changing the actual workflow or bringing
more transparency to an area in which the team wants to inspect and adapt.
How-we-work policies – these can directly address an impediment. For example, adjusting WIP limits

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Scrum PSK-I

and SLEs, changing the batch size or how often items are pulled between states can have a dramatic
impact.

Question 4
How does Kanban support empiricism? (choose the best two answers)

Options:

A. The Kanban board provides transparency that helps the Scrum Teams inspect and adapt their

process.

B. The Product Owner uses Kanban metrics to inspect the Throughput and adapt the Developers'

Cycle Time accordingly.

C. Kanban prescribes specific practices that reduces the need for empiricism.

D. Kanban brings more rapid transparency about the product by enhancing and expanding the

practices of Scrum. This enables a more effective inspection and adaptation loop.

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Key to empirical process control is
the frequency of the transparency, inspection, and adaptation cycle - which we can also describe as the
cycle time through the feedback loop.
When Kanban practices are applied to Scrum, they provide a focus on improving the flow through the
feedback loop; optimizing transparency and the frequency of inspection and adaptation for both the
product and the process.

Question 5
In the middle of a Sprint, a Product Owner has requested the Developers to add a new urgent item to
their Sprint Backlog. The team is currently at their WIP Limit. Which would be the two most appropriate
responses? (choose the two best answers)

Options:

A. Reject the urgent item because the WIP Limits do not allow it. Tell the Product Owner to wait
until

the next Sprint.

B. Add the urgent item to their Sprint Backlog but only start working on that new item when

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Scrum PSK-I

enough

room frees up.

C. Take on the urgent item as an exception to the WIP Limits, pushing this item along on top of the

existing flow and note a WIP exception.

D. Adjust the WIP Limits to allow for taking on the extra item and update their definition of
Workflow.

Answer: B, C

Explanation:
In case an item is pulled into the Sprint Backlog, the Developers need to figure out whether they can
actually start it right away. This depends on the WIP limits and the current WIP. If the team is at their
WIP limit they shouldn't pull in that new item until some room frees up. If their backlog items are pretty
small, an empty WIP slot will free up pretty quickly. If items are big, it can take a while.
The longer it might take to get a normal pull slot ready, the more pressure there might be to actually
expedite this card, going beyond the current WIP limits, and pushing this item along on top of the
existing flow. The typical way to do this is NOT to change the WIP limit definition but to go above WIP
and note a WIP exception. These exceptions can then be a topic for inspection and adaptation come
time to retrospect.

Question 6
Which of these are LEAST likely to be included in the definition of "Workflow" policies? (choose the best
three answers)

Options:

A. Definition of Done.

B. Work Item types.

C. Pull/prioritization policies.

D. A Gantt chart.

E. Service Level Expectations.

F. The Increment.

G. A Burndown chart.

H. Visualization policies.

I. WIP Limits.

Answer: D, F, G

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Explanation:
The definition of "Workflow" includes a shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is
defined (work items), the start state of the process, the active states for the work items, and the finished
state of the process. This includes a description of:
Defined points at which the Scrum Team considers work to have started and to have finished.
A definition of the individual units of customer value that are flowing through the Scrum Team's system
(most likely Product Backlog Items (PBIs).
A definition of the workflow states that the PBIs flow through from start to finish (of which there must be
at least one active state).
Explicit policies about how work flows through each state (which may include items from a Scrum
Team's definition of "Done" and pull policies between stages).
A definition of how Work in Progress (WIP) will be limited.
A set Service Level Expectation (SLE) that communicates a forecast of how long it should take to
complete work items.
This definition of "Workflow" is a strategic level whereas specific tools and artifacts are tactical and
executional level.

Question 7
True or False: Batch size is the same as the Sprint length when using Scrum with Kanban.

Options:

A. True

B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:
Each activity in the Scrum Team’s Definition of Workflow can have its own batch size. For example, the
team might deploy each Product Backlog item and then their deployment batch size would be 1, not the
Sprint length.

Question 8
True or False: In a flow-based system, the number of tasks is not necessarily limited, rather the amount
of value-generating work items is limited.

Options:

A. True

B. False

Answer: A

Explanation:

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Even though multiple tasks are completed, none of them has created something of value for the
customer. Our goal when improving flow is to tighten the feedback/value loop - so we apply flow
improvement techniques such as limiting WIP to the valuable items - the Product Backlog items.

Question 9
True or False: Scrum with Kanban only allows you to release at the end of the Sprint.

Options:

A. True

B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:
Scrum allows you to release as frequently as you can create a product Increment. Scrum with Kanban
emphasizes this direction/vision even more.

Question 10
Who is accountable for the Definition of Workflow for the Sprint Backlog? (Choose the best answer)

Options:

A. The Developers.

B. The Product Owner.

C. The Scrum Team.

D. The Scrum Master.

Answer: A

Explanation:
As the Developers have autonomy to determine how they turn the Sprint Backlog into an Increment, the
Developers have the final say on the Definition of Workflow within the Sprint.

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