Nndiaa(Single Side Band System (SSB) For Military systems t's rewired to inCfease Che number of channels . > ThIS is done - by Yeducing Bandwidth of each Channel / > Consequently, We use single Side band syste Transmitter system in SSB —————e—eeeeeees Miter M AmSinWae fe : Filter ssB Ae sinWet : oe as lit L Rn fale | fala fe [leva Fev - ) Xr | Fitter ! => [Fet) Eff Fefn F J Fitersng~ Reciever sys tem In SSB Piet eit aye LpFL-> Fa Fe aFon oR 2FeFn, Fy pF s vu! S$ [=A ner Fo Fn AL Sinukt | En -2Pe-Fin es [oR] a ieee Fn D+ F “The inpul Freyuen Cies Ye oaUC CA aio eee tc (Fab of a) and CarYier Frequency (fe) * The output 'S oe Fn on rb Fon : of LpF 's used to extract the Frequency of the of tgina Signal 6, 8 | | i | | |practically x The Siyna doesn’t has a Single Frequency but hes base band Frequency UsB ) HsB oat LN VIA TA fe-Pn Fe By ey FE Sop —-" 2 Rw- 2F,, Bw=Fm Niofma) AM (ssB ) AdVentayes of S58 © Number of Channels fs doubled ® Securtly is high Since Fein both — transmitter and 7 fecieVer Is Continous Vary tng So thet it is Very UFFreult to recieve this Chenmel — antess yar Know the & Vaviettons “A—) —— ( Disa d vantages of SSR system) () The transmitler 1S more Complicated and Consequently mote expensive due te Filter addition © The (ecieVer with Standared Just a Simple bul In ss, We need in each @) circuit te generale fe. 0) Mixer oO Filter Wole: —s ssB ts used tn Mililery applications due to ils high Security Bw of each Chowne] 1's veduced (hinitel ts _WuHZ) So the number of Chenne ls is InCreated 's mole Costly Compared AM fecieVer thet Corda tng delec tor (B,¢ and diode) fecieVer = / &_ i (Time DIV Multiplexing (TDM) X(t) Xe(t) on X(t), X2 (1) are 2 difFevent Channels. se x(t) FX (t) sampling circuit 2 = Ts Ts Ts ae) In TDM | the Channel inkermation is oe Sampled , | The Sample time = Ts The actual transmitled Signals. will be disCrele Signals | — Foch Cevier Can — transmiti 8 Chennel for hor iZenta] pelariZation and other § Chemnels for Ver L1'Cal polarization —» Each sample IS oa Sinusaldel Wave With o Cerlria amplitude and phase —> We teke 24500 Samples per’ SeCondl _5channels with the same cavdier Frequen ty are Called TransponderXN Wow does a Sample [5 transmilted fl ie I S ampl Hnaloque to Symbe ampre Digi (onVe/Ler LS QAM Ae A/D 1} Moduletor}-— RG Channel » Tent fier t S 3A Sample is GnVerted inte Digital bits (0 or!) using (A/0) ConVer ter . = A sample has || men For Chennel , Identificet for B bits for imFormation 5 Therefore We Can have 2" possible states (2048 steles ) Ex, olo ollodelo ch nel ont af “ten fkey Trforms tion = QhM modulalor ConVerls the digtal informe thon of the sample inte a Sinusoldal u/alle with a Certaln amplitude and phase a Thi. SinuSvidel Walle i's named a5 symbelQAM moduleter (quesva tue Aplitut) — modu ater > Tt converts digite| inFormation of sam ple into Sthusetdal Weve W th cer tan ampli tule and phase Called symbel > VeA. Sin (vet +9) We have 2 parameters of (Amplliwte) Q (prese) 1) can take’ one of bp Values 25, --- bev @ con take one of 360 Values oy l)2, ~-- 357° : By Vary ing A. and @ =p We heVe jorBbe= Shee _5 We uSe only 2"= 2048 States out Ae J 3600 possi ble States Example sv Syorbo| 5 Sin Wet +30") aoe “This signel represents ol} ollolls a" Channel 8 bits Tdentifier Sample Conclusion This System ConVlefts each Sample inte Symbol which js @ Sinusofdel Wave oy NTo adjust a TV chennel , We need © Aagust the Freuency (Carrier Mequenty) (©) Adtust symbol rate "nermelly Paes G) Adgust Forward O/r Corfection (FEC) Si Which — 1's elther = or < * means. 2 symbols + ene Symbol fae Ese u check _ means S Symbols + ohe symbol for check 5 3B fee is better then S fc 4 é put has mole delay time ca ful example + Pec: We send L Symbeles (3 Symbols + { check symbel) We Can Check thal the Sum of angles im the Y Symbols Is 180" VF nol => feJect ‘the symbels (Don't ditpy if ok =p Display these Symbe]s AFrequency modulal fon (FM) The inforration IS inCluded in the Frequency not the amplitude Vey e Ae Sin [(« + Bem Sin( ula) t] Vem > the Frequency Varies with time 7 BESMHZ CF) < lo MHZ If BW of each —- Zoli z z Number oF Chennels aUsilable= (o8-B8) 6 |. Advantages of EM 2oele + Cheon @ large aumber of channels @ LT mmunlty against nolse Since nose aflects the amplitude not Freq uenCy a ‘Disad Vantage s of FM DifFiculty te demodulate to get orginal Sfnal j-e. The system is costly _> Satellite /s Simply q recieVer, ulhere all Satellites are rotating around earth at the equator at a distance of 36006 Km above earth ab) Since Calfo Is located al 30°N then the dish Should be directed a Nor thet Jowards south ' nemispher Ben KZ Calre <| > equaler _> All dishes in nofthetn Satelite hemis phere should be divected owards South ' ; oulherm oft) dishes Southern hemisphere hemisphere should be Mecled {owerds North _> All dishes Should Face equator” \Lineay & Non- linea ae — Conditions of linear y Systems By opleall system (@) The output Preyuencles are the Same as input Frequencies amphi tude of these (CYTE the input is Cons tent K the ow Same Constant Xi ax >| bx axki+bX, —s.-—______t a Systern ase (y= fejardless~ of the Fre quenCies multiplied by 4 pst Is multiplied by > 9, | ay > by, aed ay + by x(t) > Lear 23 practice! Filter —> linear \eataly = Ideal Filter) —> Non \Gatnl ‘ Som Up WV ie - linear © Frequencies ate eliminated FrequenCies ZF output Frequen rsony — (Miter)-s Non- neat WwW FL 36) —s, fife FHF F input Frequencies a oulput Frequencies , (De leVel shifter ) oS Non— Uneer ytd= X(t) +k if input ErequenCis oF X(t) Is 2,3,SKH2 then output Freender of y(t) is 9,255 Kilz -5 (AM detector Non - Hneav > AM ey fs fot, Fe Fes F output InputEx Determine which system 18 linear and which SyStem I$ non linear Note: X(t)= Sin. t) eS wb Eel y(t)> dx JO X(t)= Sto (wt) => ip Fey.-F y(t): a = We Co(Wot) =p arp Frey =F Linear System (ijp Pry = a/p Frey) Et: yd f xe) dt olution K(t)= sin(w. t) == ')p Freq =F jlt)= J sinwt pat. 2c s st, ofp Frey.= fe 1 tere * Non-linear system (ip Freq. F op Frey.) WyEx: yU)e Suct) ed X(t)= Sin(wst) 5 => I/p Frey. = ¢, y(t) = 5 sin (Wit +6 =p o/p Frg.= F288 Non - linear Sy stem Cup Freq. £0/P Cry) Exy: y(t)= XU) X(t) 2 Sia Wal) =P pp Prey =F y= Sin (ust) + CF eee [Ls ofp Freq= fe, per Non- Ihear System (ip Frew za/p Frey) °| a7 Sin c¢ (x). Sia (X) | "OX I For any Value of x — 12%) 3)-— | % : SInc (X) =o Sinc ( KT) =o hr Integer —> for Xz0 v in (x) SInc(o)= fin S120 *7 “Ode fi ag - , 1 1 p 1, E@six | USing LU'hepital rule: are) = Gl Tx * Sinc(o)= | —> for Xe => Sine (3 DE Sin Te3 30 z 2 for X= S =p sinc (& 5) 2 Sih as C et _ 2 > >for X= =p sihe(3 ) - sin 3 _2 FT “SE Values of S'C(X) decfeeses as 7X inC ease AN ea