PART 1: PHILIPPINE PARTY HISTORY AND
ORGANIZATION
Wednesday, August 16, 2023
9:22 AM
PS Elective 5 Political Movements
Philippine Party History and Organization
Part 1: Pre-war and Post-War Ph Politics
Main Discussion and Points
Common path of dynasties or
run by local family. We do not
have institutionalized political
party. It is the political family
and problematizes the local
political slate.
Analysis
Why did it happen in PH?
We should understand that political parties are modern
inventions of the government. Example, the evolution of
monarchy to constitutional republic. Same with PH, we
started to become a colony, we fought our revolution -
American introduced political party.
How do we account the growth of political party?
It is depersonalized and not connected to the families. It
should be funneled on ideology and not on factional interest
and lofty ideal of running a government. You have a certain
ideals that are in place.
What about the PH?
We do not have the concept of Partylist and the Americans
introduced and American pracrticed party politics. They
want to make a replica of their government/
Federal part, first political party and branded as partido
Nacional Progresista.- They have identified with the
Americans. It was supposed to be an advantage but deep
inside, the mass or Philippine population and independent
country.
Marawi City - military reservation
Partido Nacionalista [1907]
 Union obrera
 Partido Democrata (V1 - Osmena and V2 -
Tercerista)
 Partido Conservador
 Republic Party of the Philippines
Consolidated nacionalista and federal party - election in
1907 - Nacionalista clamours for independence and popular
battle cry and captures the longing of the Filipino.
Nacionalista won the hearts. The analysis is that the
message for independence won and capture the hearts. We
learned the tricks of American.

There are moro resistance and katipunan but these are not
mainstream. The Americans introduced it's the first time and
there are forum of local politicians. In 1907, the PH
assembly dominated and this is the first time that they have
meet.

The two NPs [1922] - Nacionalista party was split and the
Nacionalista party was dead. The idea of creating an
independent party is creating an election ptich and they saw
the advantage and creating independence. The idea of
independence was to rattle the Americans and pressure
them according to the politicians.

In the beginning, there are factional wars. The practical side

is the right for leadership and who will be able to get the
favor of the Americans. Quezon, Tayabas and Osmena, in
Cebu.

Partido Nacionalista - Collectivista - Quezon

Partido Nacionalista - Unipersonalista - Osmena

1924 - Partido Nacionalista Consolidado

You can see the idea that there are fighting but they are
capable of consolidating and they can be able to get one
nacionalista party. Two years after they become consildated
nacionalista party. They can fight and they can reconcile,
because the question is not policy and ideology and the
question and self-interest and survival.

Self-interest can be easily reconcilable.

Manuel Roxas (Collectivista) replaced Osmena as House

Speaker

Osmena made an alliance, OsRox mission - They go to

Washington and secure independence bill. The senate
president was Manuel Quezon, shot down, he called his
allies and reject the proposal.

1930 - Nacionalista - Pro

Nacionalista - Anti
Independence Bills:
Hare-
Tyding Mcduffie Act - Quezon went to Washington with
different Author - Quezon dominted but it was orignally the
plan of OsRox.

1935

Quezon and Osmena, previous enemies in partylists in

1930, made an alliance and fight their Rival which is Emilio
Aguinaldo

Nacionalista v. National Socialit and Republican (Aglipay)

Emilio Aguinaldo was asked on the lands of the Prayle

Aguinaldo was asked for compensation.
The American supported Osmena and Quezon - they won

1940

Kalibapi/Makapili

Under Japanese Military Administration (JMA)

 It changed the leadership the political party because

of the second world war. They sponsored the
government. Some of them joined Quezon, they flew
to USA and some decided to stay. The one who
stayed they are loyal american but when japan
entered they disspated to joining Japanese.

Formation of Hukbalahap - anti Fasvist in old comunista

party

Nacionalista Party - NP - Liberal wing (Roxas), became

liberal party

1946 - election happened, the former allies in the 1930s in

Os Rox, but they were at odds

Osmena decided to run, after Quezon died in Tubercolosis.

And Roxas also want to run and they are in the same
political party

Then, Roxas created liberal party and formed out of the

ambition for Roxas to run in the 1946 election coming from
the womb of nacionalista party

Since then we have bi-party competition since 1940s


Philippine Political Party is
non-programmatic. It does
not follow a certain program
like mainstream program
unlike France, they can create
demarcation on the right and
left
1950s-60s
LP-NP Rivalry
1949 Quirino v. Laurel
1953 Quirino Magsaysay Magsaysay decided to run and
challenge qurino who is own boss. Qurino lost. Barko
communication money and magsaysay won
1957 Yulo v. Garcia
1961 Macapagal v. Garcia - Macapagal liberal and Garcia is
nacionalista - there was an agreement between 2 leaders,
Diosdado and Ferdinand Marcos - liberal party.
1965 Macapagal v Marcos - I will not challenge you if you
will not seek election Diosdado hati tayo ng terms.
Macapgal decided to run and arroyo made a promise and
she is not running in the incoming elections and just like her
father that she is not running.
Marcos move away in the liberal party and joined
nacionalista party - there is balimbing and lahat sila
balimbing
Marcos is now nacionalista party and is trying to go beyond
- during his time and remove opposition and remove party
competition. Kilosng Bagong Lipunan - movement for new
society - They know the cycle of elites and he knew the
competition
It can look revolutionary and conservative at the same time.
That is why in the local level that they can be able to fludily
change their political party. Because the DNA of our political
party is not ideological but on self-interest. The start of
POLPAR is not ideological.