Muntinlupa Science High School

999 Buendia St. Tunasan Muntinlupa City

Research Title:

The Differentation of Amino Acid Extract of Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus

albacares) Liver Spray and Commercial Fertilizer to The Amount of Nutrients in a Soil

Science Investigatory Project

Applied Science

Presented to

MSHS -JHS Science Department

Project Proponents

Jamilah B. Ambanloc

Justine Andrei T. Cruz

Zainah Neome Leigh F. Ordionio

Vincent Lawrence B. Hernandez

Mac Andrei A. Reyes

John Aldred C. Ernacio

Anne Krue M. Balang

Research Adviser

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 Mrs. Marilu Lorzano

Research Consultant

Ryan Jumar Pantoja

Research Statistical Analysis Consultant

Aristotle E.Vega

ABSTRACT

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 Some studies about Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Liver worked about boosting

nutrients, However Hydrolized Yellowfin Tuna Liver as fertilizer remains to be studied. By

Hydrolizing the liver of the Yellowfin Tuna made a solution that will be added to soil.

Making solutions with different ratios to be compared to each set ups. The alternative

fertilizer that is made will get tested and see if it can be a good source of nutrients to soil. It is

hoped that the alternative fertilizer will work and be made by fish scraps specifically the liver

of the Yellowfin Tuna.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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 Praise and gratitude be to God, the Almighty, first and foremost for His abundant Blessings

for the course of our research and its successful completion. The researchers would also want

to express their deep appreciation to Ma'am Lorzano, our research adviser, for her important

supervision, support, and guidance. We also want to thank her for imparting knowledge,

understanding, and empathy to us. Working and studying for her was a real honor and

privilege. Great appreciation to teachers' who helped us answer our questions throughout this

research. Their advices are big completion to our study. Last but not least, we would like to

thank our dearest parents for their considerate the budget and unwavering support throughout

the research study's development. As well as for their words of support during all the late

nights spent conducting the research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page 1-2

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Abstract 3

Acknowledgement 4

Table of Contents 5-6

Chapter I: Introduction

Background of the Study 7

Statement of the Problem 8

Objectives 8-9

Hypothesis 9

Significance of the Study 10

Scope and Limitation 10-11

Theoretical Framework 11-12

Theoretical Model 12

Conceptual Framework 12

Conceptual Model 13

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Article / Literature both local and foreign references relevant to the present study 14-19

Synthesis of the RRL 19-20

Gaps/Bridges by the study 20

Chapter III: Research Methodology

Research Design ( Experimental) 21

Sources of Data 21

Preparation of Test Organisms/ Materials 22

Materials and Instrument 22-23

Research Locale 24

Data Gathering Procedure 24

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Decontamination and Waste Disposal 25

Statistical Treatment 25

Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis and Findings 26

Nutrient Content of Chosen Replicants in each Setups based on Highest PH level

PH Level of Replicates

Chapter V Conclusions and Recommendation

Summary of Findings 27

Conclusion 27-28

Recommendation 28-29

References 30-31

Appendix 32-36

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Soil, a critical component of Earth's ecosystem, plays a vital role in supporting both living

and nonliving entities. Covering a significant portion of the planet's surface, soil provides

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essential services and resources. To sustain its function and promote growth, soil requires

adequate nutrients. The fertility and health of soil greatly influence agricultural productivity,

land development, and habitat creation. Unfortunately, the disposal of fish waste, such as

discarded fish parts, contributes to land pollution. In local wet markets, fish organs are often

discarded as they are deemed inedible and contain toxic chemicals. However, these organs

may contain valuable nutrients that could enhance soil structure. Numerous studies have

explored the utilization of fish parts as fertilizers, converting waste into sustainable nutrients

for plant growth and soil development. Among these fish parts, the liver stands out due to its

rich nutrient content, including amino acids. The researchers propose an innovative approach

by hydrolyzing the liver of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and employing it as a

hydrolysate spray to enhance soil development. This solution not only improves soil structure

and promotes growth but also addresses the issue of fish waste and reduces the risk of land

pollution. By harnessing market waste as a research instrument, this study aims to provide an

alternative source of soil nutrients while mitigating environmental concerns associated with

fish waste disposal. The hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna liver presents a promising opportunity to

enhance soil quality and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.

Statement of the Problem

How does Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) liver increase the numbers of nutrients in

soil?

1. Does the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Liver enhance the soil compared to

commercial fertilizer?

2. Does the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Liver enhance the nutrients of the soil?

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3. Can market fish waste, specifically fish liver, be reduced and used as an enhancement to

the soil nutrients?

Objectives

The following are the objectives of the study:

General

The main objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the amino extracts

from the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver compared to other commercial fertilizer

sprays.

Specific

⦁ The target increase in soil nutrients should be 25% to 75% (depending on the setup

number) in the following week after the experimentation.

Measurable

⦁ 20-30% increase is expected in the number of nutrients inn in the soil, and its soil

vitality more strengthened. As the weeks go by until the end of the allotted time, it is to

increase gradually until the soil gains just enough to have a better procurance and healthy

structure.

Achievable

⦁ The researchers already have the right materials and tools that will be used in the

project. The researchers have enough time to experiment and brainstorm about the project.

The researchers also have a backup source for the loam soil and the Yellowfin Tuna

(Thunnus albacares) liver in case it runs out.

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Relevant

⦁ The true objective of this study is to provide an alternative source of nutrients for soil

and enhance the nutrients it takes in but it will also shift in contributing to fish waste

reduction, specifically, the thrown Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) organs or parts in

places such as wet markets.

Time-bound

⦁ The results of the study will be interpreted after 1-2 months

Hypothesis

H1. The Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver can be an alternative source

of nutrients in soil.

Ho. The Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver cannot be an alternative

source of nutrients in soil.

Significance of the Study

This research work could contribute an alternative source of nutrients in soil using Yellowfin

Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver that is beneficial for soil quality since studies show that it

has a high amount of amino acid.

1. Farmers. Farmers will gain from this study since they will be able to utilize it as an

alternative source to develop their plants and fertilize the soil, allowing them to save money

and earn more.

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2. Land Sellers. Land sellers who sold land to farmers will benefit from this study as well,

because it will assist them sell their land when their land is of good quality for herbarium.

3. Agricultural Corporations. Agricultural Corporations will benefit from this study as well

because they will have a collection of fields with good soil quality and will be able to hire

farmers as well as sell their land to people who have plant businesses and earn money.

4. Plants and Vegetation. Affected plants will provide valuable insights into the microbial

diversity of soil in an agricultural region and its relationship with environmental factors. The

possible findings and relationships can contribute to our understanding of soil dynamics,

promote sustainable agricultural practices, and guide future research on soil microbial

communities.

Scope and Limitation

This study is only focusing on proving that Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver could

be better and more effective than most commercial fertilizers in enhancing and improving the

soil nutrients of loam soil. This study does not consider its effects on plants and vegetation,

and other components of the soil such as its fertility and yield. The results of this study will

only be applicable in the development of the structure of the soil and the enhancement of its

given nutrients, and could not be fully used in agricultural matters.

Theoretical Framework

This study was based on the ideas established by the following theories:

Trofobiose Theory

States that living organisms needs to be provide enough necessities to be able to grow. For

soil, it needs proper amount of nutrients to be able to develop and support both living and

non-living organism.

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Soil Fertility Theory

It shows the relationship between fertilizers, ,manures, and dry matter yields. A fertile soil is

achieved when proper amount of nutrients is applied since it is part of important necessities

of the soil.

Soil Genesis Theory

It reflects the knowledge in the soil which includes the extent to which soil properties are

known and understand. By knowing soil genesis, it shows how a certain soil developed its

formation and how much nutrients are needed to achieve a fertile soil.

Law of Minimum

It states that yield is proportional to the amount of the most limiting nutrient, which ever

nutrient it may form. It explains that to achieve the fertility and sustainability of the soil, it

needs enough nutrients.

Soil Management

Every component of the soil is continually involved in process of change therefore, each soil

is a dynamic system with complex formation. It involves the managing of the soil system and

its nutrients including its amount and how it will affect the fertility of the soil

Figure 1

Theoretical Model

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Conceptual Framework

Based on theoritical framework, the concept of the research was to establish connection

between hydrolyzed yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) liver and the amount of nutrients the

soil received that will be compared to the commercial hydrolyzed fertilizer.

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 Figure 2

Conceptual Model

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Characteristics of Yellowfin Tuna

Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver is one of the fastest and most powerful predators

in the open ocean, making it an important fish species wherever it lives. Yellowfin Tuna

begin as very small larvae, less than a few millimeters long and weighing only a few

hundredths of a gram. The specimen reaches sexual maturity within 2 years and reaches up to

3 feet. (oceano.org2004) Yellowfin Tuna undergoes an astonishing variability in size (from

almost microscopic size to one of the largest predators in the open ocean), so they eat a wide

variety of their lives. They eat small zooplankton when they prey throughout are young, and

their prey grows with them. Adults feed on fairly large bony fish and squid. Similarly,

Yellowfin Tuna are eaten by various predators. Once hatched, they are eaten by other fish

that specialize in plankton. At this stage of life, their numbers drop dramatically.

(worbwide.org2015)

Liver of Yellowfin Tuna

The liver of the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) were investigated on the food

compositional characteristics. Yellowfin Tuna liver are high in crude protein, carbohydrate,

and crude ash, while its low in crude lipid (Rowbotham, Jan, Block, Barbara A. 21 July

2017). The results of heavy metal suggested that yellowfin Tuna liver appeared safe as a food

resource. The major amino acids of the liver are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine,

leucine, and lysine (Fishing Mag. 7 June 2022) Yellowfin Tuna Livers were good sources of

iron and zinc while having low lipid content respectively, and the major free amino acids

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were taurine, glutamic acid, and alanine. From the results of taste valve the major taste active

compounds among free amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid (Froese,2014)

Amino Acid in Yellowfin Tuna Liver

Amino acids, either in a free or polymeric state, represent a (significant) significant addition

of most ecosystems and therefore comprise a key pool in the soil nitrogen cycle. The ability

of some plants to take up amino acids directly from soil may confer a competitive advantage

particularly in N-limited environments. Amino acids are key components that play important

roles, and amino acid deficiencies produce polypeptides. (Aquaculture, 2014)

Effect of Amino Acids in Soil

Amino acids also act as biostimulants in plants. As brostimden biostimulants, amino acids

can play an important role in increasing plant productivity, especially under abiotic and biotic

stress conditions, These characteristics combined with the ability to be approved for organic

use, make sustainably produced amino acids a smart choice for producers (Jardin, P. 2015).

Free amino acids (FAA) in soil solutions are increasingly recognized as potentially important

nitrogen sources for plants, but researchers are beginning to understand how FAA behaves in

soil. They went and investigated the effects found in amino acid chemistry and soil properties

on soil mineralization and microbal assimilation. (2022, Chemosphere)

Soil chemical analysis

It is a set of various chemical processes that determine the amount of available plant nutrients

in the soil, but also the chemical, physical and biological soil properties important for plant

nutrition. Chemical soil analysis determines the content of plant nutrients; these are nitrogen,

phosphorus (P205), potassium (K20) pH, humus content, total CaCO3, available lime,

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organie matter, total sulphur (s), Sodium, micro nutrients, and other physical characteristics

such as its capacity, permeability, density and pH value. (cropnuts.org, 2020)

Soil Profile

The soil profile is an important tool in nutrient management. By examining a soil profile, we

can gain valuable insight into soil fertility. As the soil weathers or organic matter

decomposes, the profile of the soil changes. For instance, a highly weathered, infertile soil

usually contains a light-colored layer in the subsurface soil from which nutrients have

leached away. On the other hand, a highly fertile soil often has a deep surface layer that

contains high amounts of organic matter. With clues provided by soil profile, we can begin to

predict how a soil will perform under certain nutrient management conditions. Scientists have

developed methods to describe the various components and characteristics of the soil profile.

By using common terminology, soil profile descriptions are valuable for deciding how the

soil might be used and predicting how the soil might react to its intended use. Technical

descriptions of the soil are not only useful for farmers, but for scientists, ecologists, soil

engineers, hydrologists and land use planners. (ctahr.hawaii.edu, 2022) Relation of microbes

for soil nutrients These efficient rhizospheric microorganisms are vitally important

component of the soil habitat where they play significant roles in soil-plant systems

functioning through controlling nutrient cycling reactions essential for sustaining soil

strength, quality and also contributing to the genesis and maintenance of soil structure

(Meena et al. 2015a, b, e, Raghavendra et al. 2016; Zahedi 2016; Rauat et al. 2016; Yasin et

al. 2016; Tectia et al. 2016) There is an infinite abundance of microbes that exist within the

system. However, very little is known about the tiny creature which is responsible for

numerous processes occuring in soil and maintaining productivity in natural and managed

agroecosystems (Meena et al. 2016, e, Saha et al. 2016; Yadav and Sidhu. 2016)

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Soil enzymes

Soil enzymes are a group of enzymes whose usual inhabitants are the soil and are

continuously playing an important role in maintaining soil ecology, physical and chemical

properties, fertility, strength, structure, soil health and responsible for overall process of

organic matter decomposition in the soil system (Dick et al. 1996). They are important in

catalyzing several vital reactions necessary for the life processes of microorganisms in soils

and the stabilization of soil structure, the decomposition of organic wastes, organic matter

formation, and nutrient cycling, hence playing an important role in agriculture.

Amino Acid Compositions of Hydrolyzed yellowfin Tuna Liver The hydrolysates of the

yellowfin Tuna viscera at different times suggest that they could be a high quality feed

ingredient given a relatively good level of some of the essential amino acids, although the

hydrolysates have an extremely high content of the flavor enhancers glutamic acid, aspartic

acid, glycine, and alanine with about 36.6-37.4% of the total amino acids, which may lead to

a good taste in products using these materials (Cao et al., 2003). Also arginine is classified as

a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid and is found in reasonable amounts in

these hydrolysates. Furthermore, for animal feeding, growth rates produced by diets with

large amounts of free amino acids are inferior to diets of similar amino acid composition in

which the nitrogen component is in the form of protein (Walton et al., 1989; Dabrowski and

Guderley, 2002).

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis involves the reaction of an organic chemical with water to form two or more new

substance and usually means the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water. In fact,

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Hydrolysis can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join

together into a larger one and eject a water molecule (Science Direct, 2018)

Structure of amino acid

A carboxyl group is deprotonated and exits as the carboxylate anion, whereas on amino

group is protonated and exists as the ammonium cation. Thus, amino acids exist primarily as

a dipolar ion, or zwitterion group, in aqueous solution (hybrid) Because amino and

zwitterions are internal salts, they share many of the physical properties of salts. They have

large dipole moments, are crystaline with relatively high melting points, and are water

soluble. Furthermore, due to their amphiprotic nature, amino acids can react as acids or bases

depending on the circumstances. (Sparks, D. L., 2019)

Fertilizer

This material is put into the soil to build contents. Commercial fertilizers is a scientifically up

mineral prepared mixture. Each year plants/soil use up this important organic substances.

They are needed to keep soil fertile. (young peoples science encyclopedia,-) Peptides Amino

acids in plants can also be bound in polymeric forms as small peptides, which are typically

comprised of 5 to Go amino acids. Peptides has mony function. Certain small peptides serve

hormone. like roles in plant growth and development (Roy et al. 2015). Relation of Chemical

Weathering and Hydrolysis Chemical weathering controls the formation and evolution of sail,

particularly the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the soil including the

elements that control soil fertility and the physical properties of the soil (Nahon, 1991)

Soil Chemistry

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The branch of soil science that deals with the chemical composition, chemical properties and

chemical reactions of soil. Soils are heterogeneous mixtures of air, water, inorganic and

organic solids, and microorganisms of both plant and animal in nature. No two soils are

exactly alike. Soil reactions and processes occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal

scales. (Sparks, D., L., 2019)

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature

According to (Dick et al. 1996), there are soil enzymes that inhabit the soil and continuously

play an important role in maintaining soil ecology, properties, fertility, and strength are

responsible for the overall process of organic matter decomposition in the soil system is

essential for sustaining soil. Hence, we will be able to observe the effect of the hydrolyzed

fertilizer and know what notes to take. Hydrolysis involves the reaction of an organic

chemical with water to form a new substance and usually means the cleavage of chemical

bonds by the addition of water. through this, the researchers can get the most out of the liver's

acids and nutrients. (Science Direct, 2018) The hydrolysates of the yellowfin Tuna viscera

suggest that they could be a high-quality feed ingredient given. A relatively good level of

some of the essential amino acids is about 36.6-37.4% of the total amino acids. (CAO et al.,

2008)

Chemical weathering also plays a part in our experiment which controls the formation and

evolution of soil, particularly the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the

soil including the elements that control soil fertility and the physical properties of the soil.

(Nahon, 1991)

Gap/s Bridged by the Study

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 In some fish parts specifically, the liver may be harmful when applied to the soil

knowing that it can be damaged or rotten which can lead to extraneous circumstances. Fish

can also take in harmful chemicals from the water they swim in or through the components of

the food they eat. These instances can bring impact the acidity level and needed nutrients

contained in the body. Knowing that the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Liver shows

promise in bringing this study to success, the percentage of its availability tends to be a

problem in markets considering it is fish waste where it is thrown away or maybe fed to stray

animals. Moreover, the basis of this experiment will be at its extreme since it doesn't include

the use of plants to show off the results of the experiment.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

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 This study has four set ups using an experimental research approach. Both were

respectively labeled experiment and control groups. The experimental group received varied

doses of hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna liver in order to gradually increase the concentration

levels for the independent variable. The control group was used as a reference point to

calculate the rate of hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tura liver under typical circumstances. The

dependent variables of the experiment were the variations in acidity rates between the control

and experimental groups exposed to various soil nutrients.

Sources of Data

Data collection will come from two varied categories; (1) Information that has been

proven or existed for many years and is related to the concept and processes behind this study

such as literature books, past theories, and studies .etc (2) Results and observations that will

be monitored during and after the experimentation. The condition of the subject before this

process will also be noted as it becomes the basis of the whole study. The pieces of

information collected between these two categories will be compared and connected to

produce a vital conclusion and recommendation.

Population of the Study

The target population of this study were the farmers, agricultural corporations and

land sellers and owners. They need an alternative source of nutrients in their soil to maintain

the nutrients needed for their soil.

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Preparation of Test Organism

The samples of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacarus) will be collected from wet fish

markets wherein each liver of the samples is extracted thoroughly then it will undergo the

process of hydrolysis through the process of liquefaction of each extracted Yellowfin Tuna

(Thunnus Albacarus) liver which will then proceed boiling where it will have a time duration

of 5 mins. Its resulting concentration will be computed on a percent-by-mass (Mililiter). This

experiment will have four setups, each with the same container, the same amount of loam

soil, the same amount of water added daily, the same amount of concentration added to each

replicate (20ml), and five replicates, but different salinity levels for each experimental setup (

In experimental setup 1, the concentration will contain 80 ml of water and 20ml Hydrolyzed

Yellowfin Tuna Liver. In experimental setup 2, the concentration will contain 60 ml of water

and 40 ml of Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna Liver. In experimental setup 3, the concentration

will contain 40 ml of water and 60 ml of Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna Liver.) The total

concentration made for each setup will be 100 ml but will be distributed as 20 ml for every 5

replicates. For the controlled setup, it will still have the same amount of water added daily

and the same amount of loam soil. Commercial Fertilizer(20g) will be added instead of the

Yellowfin Tuna Liver concentration as it will be used for comparison of effectiveness on the

final day. Also, each container will have holes beneath as it resembles a real pot where extra

amounts of water will flow. The setups will be observed in a few amount of days and

chemical analysis will be performed on the final day to see how the Hydrolyzed Yellowfin

Tuna (Thunnus Albacarus) Liver has affected the properties and structure of the soil. All

changes throughout the experiment will be further observed and recorded.

Materials and Instruments

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The experimentation consist of two parts. Samples of 8 Yellowfin Tuna Liver will be

obtained from wet markets. After the preparation of materials and procedure, the researchers

will conduct the extract of amino acids and nutrient through fish hydrolysate method. The

Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver will be cut into chunks and finely grinded through

mortar and pestle. The finer it is the more effective the fermentation is. This method of

hydrolysis is to ensure the efficiency of taking amino acids from the Liver. The percentage of

water added as dilution is equivalent to the remaining percentage of Yellowfin Tuna

(Thunnus albacares) liver in each experimental setup and its replicates. Use distilled water as

chlorine kills microbes. Finally, add lacto bacilli to the solution. Each solution will be bottled

up, into bottles. There will be 3 setups with loam soil [setup 1: 30%, setup 2: 50%, setup 3:

75% of Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) liver] and 5 replicates each to come

with a more precise data. Once each setup has been applied with the fertilizer respectively, 3

months is allotted for taking down notes and observing changes for any extraneous variable

that may occur within the experimentation phase. The effectiveness of the Hydrolyzed

Yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) liver will be analyzed though chemical analysis which will

help identify the soil health, its components, and nutrients. The researchers will take note of

nitrogen, iron, and zinc. Once all this is properly organized, data and observations will be

processed and recorded.

Research Locale

This study was conducted into two locations Muntinlupa; Science High School located at

Tunasan, Muntinlupa City specifically in the school's research laboratory non-regulated and

270 San Guillermo Street, Putatan Muntinlupa City.

Data Gathering Procedure

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The experimentation will consist of two parts. Samples of 8 Yellowfin Tuna Liver will be

obtained from wet markets. After the preparation of materials and procedure, the researchers

will conduct the extract of amino acids and nutrient through fish hydrolysate method. The

Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Liver will be cut into chunks and finely grinded through

mortar and pestle. The finer it is the more effective the fermentation is. This method of

hydrolysis is to ensure the efficiency of taking amino acids from the Liver. The percentage of

water added as dilution is equivalent to the remaining percentage of Yellowfin Tuna

(Thunnus albacares) liver in each experimental setup and its replicates. Use distilled water as

chlorine kills microbes. Finally, add lacto bacilli to the solution. Each solution will be bottled

up, into bottles. There will be 3 setups with loam soil [setup 1: 30%, setup 2: 50%, setup 3:

75% of Hydrolyzed Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) liver] and 5 replicates each to come

with a more precise data. Once each setup has been applied with the fertilizer respectively, 3

months is allotted for taking down notes and observing changes for any extraneous variable

that may occur within the experimentation phase. The effectiveness of the Hydrolyzed

Yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) liver will be analyzed though chemical analysis which will

help identify the soil health, its components, and nutrients. The researchers will take note of

nitrogen, iron, and zinc. Once all this is properly organized, data and observations will be

processed and recorded.

Decontamination and Waste Disposal

The unused and fish scraps must be disposed after the experiment to prevent the spread of

foul odor of the unused fish scraps. Physical cleaning is the first step, physically removes

contamination. Disinfection is initially dependent to prevent active infection to the present

variables in the experiment, sterilization. It is an absolute term denoting destruction of active

24
all harmful microorganisms in the experiment. After the unused fish scraps must put in a

sealed bug and dispose the hazardous waste.

Statistical Treatment

T-test was used as the statistical tool in this study because the sample size was less

than 30 and comparing our product with commercial ones . This study's goals were to

determine the effects of hydrolyzed yellowfin tuna (Thunus albacarus) liver on the soil.

According to the purpose, this assisted in comparing the nutrients found inside sets of soil

that had various concentrations applied.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1

Nutrient Content of Chosen Replicants in each Setups based on Highest PH level

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Table 2

PH Level of Replicates

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings

After the experiment, the following have been observed and measured:

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⦁ The colors showing the amount of nutrients has shown different colors(based on each

setups)

⦁ Both setup 1 and setup 2 has shown very low nitrogen content than setup 3

⦁ Only setup 1 has shown very low level of Phosphorus than setup 2 and setup 3

⦁ Setup 1 has more contents of Potassium than the other setups

⦁ Only Setup 3 has shown a high number of nutrients

Conclusions

Based on the observations made and the quantification through statistical treatments, the

researcher concludes the following:

⦁ The data obtained from the experimental setups revealed pH acid of mostly levels of 8

with slight decrepancy from other replicate setups, deeming it adequate for most plants and

vegetation. There are variations in the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash (potassium

containing salt) among the different soil setups obtained from the soil testing kit.

● Setup 1: had very low levels of all three nutrients, which likely hindered plant growth.

● Setup 2: had very low nitrogen and potash levels but medium phosphorus levels,

leading to a moderate soil and improved plant yield compared to Setup 1.

● Setup 3: had low nitrogen and phosphorus levels but medium potash levels, resulting

in better overall plant growth from the soil.

⦁ These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining a balanced nutrient

composition in the soil to support optimal vegetation growth and productivity. Further

research is recommended to explore the interactions between these nutrients and investigate

the underlying mechanisms influencing plant physiology for effective soil nutrient

management strategies.

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Recommendations

⦁ using pure loam soil for consistent and reliable results. This will ensure that the soil

composition remains consistent and eliminates any potential confounding factors that may

arise from varying soil types.

⦁ Ensure availability of fresh stock of yellowfin tuna livers: To maintain the integrity of

the experimental setup, it is crucial to have a constant and readily available supply of fresh

yellowfin tuna livers. This will allow for accurate and repeatable measurements of liver-

derived nutrients, which are essential for the research objectives.

⦁ Determine concentration ratio suitable for the given amount of soil: It is important

to establish an optimal concentration ratio of yellowfin tuna liver extract or any other

relevant substance based on the amount of soil being used in each setup. This will help

achieve a balanced nutrient distribution and ensure that the soil receives adequate

nourishment without excessive or insufficient amounts.

⦁ Conduct chemical soil analysis/testing in a well-equipped laboratory: To obtain

precise and accurate results, it is recommended to perform chemical soil analysis and testing

in a laboratory equipped with advanced equipment. This will enable thorough examination of

soil nutrients and pH acidity, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the

experimental outcomes

⦁ Implement daily observation: Regular monitoring and observation of the experimental

setups are essential to track any changes or developments in the soil and plant growth. Daily

observations will help identify any immediate impacts, trends, or anomalies that may arise

during the course of the experiment.

⦁ Provide the appropriate amount of water: Maintaining proper soil moisture is critical

for healthy plant growth to be used as a good fertilizer. It is advised to ensure that each setup

receives an appropriate amount of water, tailored to the specific needs of the plants and the

28
soil type being used. Regular monitoring of soil moisture levels and adjustment of watering

practices accordingly will contribute to accurate and reliable results.

⦁ Expose the setups to the right amount of sunlight: Sunlight is a vital factor in soil

health, plant growth and development. It is crucial to provide the experimental setups with an

adequate amount of sunlight, considering the light requirements of the specific plant species

involved. Proper exposure to sunlight will optimize and enhance the overall productivity of

the experiment.

References

Simon Jack (2014, August 6). Making Fish hydrolysate. Retrieved June 2, 2023

https://www.ridgedalepermaculture.com/blog/making-fish-hydrolysate

Barbara Pleasant (2018, November 10). Soil pH for Organic Gardeners. Retrieved June 2,

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30
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%20of%20amino%20acids,et%20al.%2C%202008

Appendix A

Hydrolyzation

Preparation for testing

31
Testing the nutrients of the soil

Appendix B

32
 Appendix C

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Vincent Lawrence B. Hernandez

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 5

was ready to work

Use time Wisely 2

Use Creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 1

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 23

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may

33
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Jamilah B. Ambanloc

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 4

was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

Use Creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 5

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 24

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Justine Andrei T. Cruz

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 5

was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

Use Creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 5

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 25

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Mac Andrei A. Reyes

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

34
Preparedness, provide needed materials and 5
was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

Use creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 5

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 25

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Zainah Neome Leigh F. Ordonio

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 5

was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

Use Creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 5

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 25

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: John Aldred C. Ernacio

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 3

was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

35
Use Creativity 5

Stayed Focus on the task 4

Understand the concept 5

Total Score: 22

Group Assessment Rubric

Directions: Please rate each statement on the extent to which you agree. For each, you may
5 - strongly agree 4 - agree 3 - neither nor disagree 2 - disagree 1 - strongly disagree
Student Name: Anne Krue M. Balang

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Preparedness, provide needed materials and 4

was ready to work

Use time wisely 5

Use Creativity 5

Stayed focus on the task 5

Understand the concept 4

Total Score: 23

36