●It was also called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT).
●the enzyme needed pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme. ●Normal serum level for male is 13-35 U/L & for female is 10-30 U/L ●moderate increase of ALT may be seen in chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis hepatitis C and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 2. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)
● It was also called serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT).
●AST needs pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme. ●Normal serum level is- 8 to 20 U/L ●It is marker of liver injury & shows moderate to drastic increase in parenchymal liver disease like hepatitis & malignancies of liver. 3. Alkaline phosphate (ALP)
●It is important enzyme to differentiate between hepatic disease & obstructive
pathology. ●it is an ectoenzyme- present on surface of biliary epithelium. ●some isoenzyme of ALP are:- a).alpha-1 b).alpha-2 heat stable c).alpha-2 heat labile d).pre-beta e).gamma ●In hepatic disease - ALP increases 2-3 times ●In obstructive disease - ALP increases 10-12 times ●obstruction to bile flow causes-irritates bile duct epithelium--release of ALP from bile epithelium, which leads to increase ALP level in serum ● In bone disease --upto 25 or more time increases. 4. Nucleotide phosphate (NTP)
●Normal in hepatitis ●increase in obstructive diseases 5. Gamma-glutamyl transferase
● Increases in alcoholic liver disease & obstructive liver disease.