DEPARTMENT OF

BIOCHEMISTRY

● NAME - ALOK KUMAR TIWARI

● ROLL NO. - 13
● TOPIC - STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF PROTEIN
Enzyme profile in liver disease

Enzyme commonly studied for diagnosis of liver disease are:-

1. Alkaline aminotransferase (ALT)
2.Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)
3. Alkaline phosphate (ALP)
4. Nucleotide phosphate (NTP)
5.Gama glutamyl transferase(GGT)
1.Alkaline aminotransferase

● It was also called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT).

● the enzyme needed pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme.
● Normal serum level for male is 13-35 U/L & for female is 10-30 U/L
● moderate increase of ALT may be seen in chronic liver disease such as
cirrhosis hepatitis C and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
2. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)

● It was also called serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT).

● AST needs pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme.
● Normal serum level is- 8 to 20 U/L
● It is marker of liver injury & shows moderate to drastic increase in
parenchymal liver disease like hepatitis & malignancies of liver.
3. Alkaline phosphate (ALP)

● It is important enzyme to differentiate between hepatic disease & obstructive

pathology.
● it is an ectoenzyme- present on surface of biliary epithelium.
● some isoenzyme of ALP are:-
a).alpha-1
b).alpha-2 heat stable
c).alpha-2 heat labile
d).pre-beta
e).gamma
● In hepatic disease - ALP increases 2-3 times
● In obstructive disease - ALP increases 10-12 times
● obstruction to bile flow causes-irritates bile duct
epithelium--release of ALP from bile epithelium, which leads to
increase ALP level in serum
● In bone disease --upto 25 or more time increases.
4. Nucleotide phosphate (NTP)

● Normal in hepatitis
● increase in obstructive diseases

5. Gamma-glutamyl transferase

● Increases in alcoholic liver disease & obstructive liver disease.