Circle motion

With Uniform Speed ( �

There is no tangential component of the acceleration.

Radial component of the acceleration ⁄ = �

With Variable Speed

Radial Component of the acceleration =r�

Tangential component of the acceleration = = r�

01. A particle of mass is connected by a light inelastic string of point as center. If C is vertically below and remains at rest
length 1, to a fixed point . The particle describes a horizontal at show that
circular orbit of radius I sin � of a depth I cos �below A, with � +�
(i). � =
constant angular velocity �.
− � (ii). The string exert a force of magnitude √ + on
Show That � =
� the ring

02. A satellite of mass describe a circular orbit of radius in the 05. A horizontal bar AB of length is made to rotate with a
equatorial plane of the earth. The earth and the satellite attract constant angular velocity � about a vertical axis the end B. If a
�
each other with a force , where � is the mass of earth, particle is attached to A by a string of length , and the string
the distance between the satellite and the earth and � is a makes an angle � with the vertical when the motion is steady,
�
constant. If the earth rotates with angular velocity �, show that prove that �= + � � .
�
⁄
��
the satellite will remain at relative to earth, if = �
06. An elastic string of natural length is extended by an amount
when it supports mass at rest, and is extended by an amount
03. A and B are two fixed points on the same vertical line at distance
when it is rotating as a conical pendulum carrying a particle of
apart, with A above B. They are connected by a light
the same mass. Show that =� +
inextensible string passing through a heavy small ring C which
can move freely. When the ring is describing a horizontal circle
07. A particle of mass is attached by string to fixed point A and
whose center is on AB, with constant angular speed �, the
by another string to a small smooth ring of mass ′ which can
distant of C from A and B are b and a respectively. Show that
slide along a smooth vertical rod passing through, , both string
b>a and that � is given by ( cos − � = +
being tight and inextensible. If the lengths of the vertical
where A and B denote BAC and ABC respectively. Use the
projections of the vertical projections of the string are and
cosine formula for the tringle ABC to show further that � =
� + when the whole system revolving with angular velocity � about
. � + ′ ′
− [ + − ] the rod, prove that = +
�

04. A light inextensible string of length 1 passes through a small

smooth fixed ring . The string has particle P and of m and 08. A particle of mass in attached to a light inextensible string
> , attached to its, ends. The particle describe a of length , is rotating, in a complete circle, center with the
horizontal circle with constant angular velocity � and about a string taut. If � is the velocity of at the lowest position show
 that, when makes an angle � with the downword vertical,
the tension � in the string is given by � = ⁄ { − + 11. A bowl is made up from a fixed smooth spherical shell with
�} > If further, the velocity of at the center and radius a by removing the upper part cut off by the
highest position is ⁄ determine and show that the ration of horizontal plane at a distance above , particle is projected
′
the tension in the string when is at the lowest position to that horizontally from the lowest point inside the bowl with speed .
when is at the highest position is 9: (i). Find the speed of the particle and the magnitude
of the reaction between the bowl and the particle,
09. The figure given below depicts a when makes an angle � with the upward
smooth narrow tube bent into the vertical.
form of a circular are of center , radius
and angle � − , where is an (ii). Show that the particle will leave the edge of the
�
acute angle. The tube is fixed in a bowl, provided that >
vertical plane with the two open ends
(iv). Show also that, in the subsequent free motion
, uppermost and at the same under gravity after the particle leaves the bowl,
horizontal level. A particle, placed at
will not fall back into bowl, provided that >
the lowest point of the tube, is �
projected with a horizontal velocity . The particle moves
through the tube to the end , then moves freely under gravity 12. A smooth sphere with center and radius , is fixed on to the
as a projectile, and enters the tube again at the other end . Find horizontal surface of a table. A smooth particle is placed on
the velocity of the particle as it leaves the tube at , and show the outer surface of the sphere at a point where makes an
that = [ + cos � + sec � ]. Show further that the angle � with the upward vertical. The particle is released from
greatest height reached by the particle is ⁄ + sec � rest.
above . (i). Show that, when makes an angle � with the
upward vertical and the particle is still in contact
10. A particle is released from rest at a point on the smooth with the surface of the sphere, � = cos � −
outer surface of a fixed sphere, of center and radius , where cos �
makes an acute angle with the upward vertical. Show that (ii). Find the magnitude of the reaction between the sphere and
when makes an angle � with the upward vertical, with still the particle.
on the surface of the sphere, � = �− � .Find the
value of � at the point where the particle leaves the surface.
 (iii). Show that the particle leaves the sphere at a height + perpendicular to . IN the ensuing motion, if is velocity of
cos above the surface of the table and � is the tension in the string when makes an angle �
with the downward vertical.
(iv). Let be the distance of the point where the particle hits the
table, from the vertical diameter of the sphere. Given that Show that = − + cos � and � = � −
= , find + cos � Deduce that,

13. A particle is released from rest at point on the smooth outer (i). If the particle describes a complete circle, then � >
surface of a fixed sphere of center and radius , making √ ∶ and
an acute angle � with the upward vertical. At time , with still (ii). If the particle leaves circular motion when makes an
on this surface, makes an angle � with the upward vertical. acute angle � with the upward vertical, then √ < <
Show that
√ and cos � = −
(i). � = ⁄ cos − cos �
16. A particle of mass is attached to one of a light inelastics string
(ii). The particle will leave the surface when cos � = ⁄
of length . The other end of string is attached to a fixed point ,
14. A small smooth particle | of mass is free to move under and the particle is in equilibrium under gravity. The particle is
gravity in a thin smooth circular tube radius and center , fixed then projected horizontally with speed
in a vertical plane. The particle is projected horizontally from
(i). Show that the tension in the string when it makes an angle �
the lowest point of the tube with speed √ .
Explain why the law of conservation of energy can be applied with the downward vertical through is cos � − +
for the motion of the particle. If is the speed of the particle
when makes an angle � with the downward vertical , show (ii). Find the least possible value of so that the particle can
that = + cos � Hence show that the reaction of the subsequently reach the horizontal level of
tube on the particle changes its direction when � =
− −
( ⁄ ) and find the speed of the particle at that point. (iii). When the string first become horizontal, it comes contact
with a thin horizontal bar which is fixed perpendicular to the
15. A particle of mass is suspended from a fixed point by a plane of motion of the string, at a distance
light inelastic string of length . Initially is at rest with the
string taut and an impulse � is applied to in a direction
 From . Show that if < < the string becomes If leaves the surface when it is at a height ⁄ above the level
of , then show that,
slack before the particle reaches the highest point, at a height
(i). = ⁄
above the level of bar.
(ii). The path of in the subsequent free motion under gravity
17. The figure below depicts a narrow passes through .
smooth tube bent in the from of
circle of center and radius , fixed 19. Two particle of same mass, are connected by using a light
in a vertical plane. Inside the tube inelastic string and the string occupies the upper circle half a
are two particles and of masses fixed horizontal cylinder while one particle touches the
, respectively connected by a cylinder and at the axis level and the other particle suspends
�⁄ height from the floor. Then is initialized to move
light inextensible taut string of
length � . Initially the system is vertically down from rest and assuming continues the contact
released from rest, when the with the cylinder show that velocity of the particle is given by
particles are at the opposite ends of the horizontal diameter of = − sin ⁄ , where �⁄ )is the vertical
the tube and the string occupies the upper half of the tube. If displacement of . When achieves the top most point. just
has turned through an angle �, at time , after release, using the hits with the floor and gets rest. Show the moves along the
principle of conservation of energy show that �+
cylinder surface for more distance cos − before it
� = sin � � �⁄ goes off from the surface.
Find the force exerted by the tube on the particle , at this instant.
20. A particle of mass is attached to a fixed point by a light
inextensible string. The particle, held with the sting taut and
18. A particle , free to move on smooth inner surface of a fixed
making an angle �(< �⁄ ) with the downward vertical, is given
hollow sphere of center and internal radius is placed at the
lowest point of this surface. It is then projected horizontally a velocity perpendicular to the string, in the vertical plane
with initial speed √ ,where > . While the particle is still through . Assuming that the particle is in circular motion,
write down the equation of conservation of energy for the
in contact with the surface , find the reaction on the particle from
particle, by considering the general position where makes an
the surface, when the angle turned by is �. Show that if <
angle � with the downward vertical.
− �
< the particle will leave the surface with speed √
 Show that particle describes a circular are until makes an − �
surface of the sphere with speed =√ when it is moving
−
angle [ cos − ] with the downward vertical and
� − �
−
then begins to move freely under gravity, provided that upwards in a direction � = is an acute angle. In
+ cos > > cos . the subsequent free motion under gravity, if the particle passes
through the center of the sphere, show that =
21. A particle of mass moves in a vertical circle on the smooth and the = ( + √ )
inner surface of a fixed hollow sphere of internal radius and
center , The plane of the circle passing through . The particle 24. In a conical pendulum the speed of the bob is and the radius
is projected from the lowest point of the sphere with a horizontal of the circle in which it moves is . If the length of the string is
velocity . If the velocity of the particle is and the reaction �
,Show that =√ and find the time of revolution.
between the particle and the sphere is when makes an −

angle � with the upward vertical, Show that = −

+ � and = ⁄ [ − + � ] Show if 25. A bead of mass is thread on a smooth circular wire of radius
= + then the particle leaves the sphere when �= fixes in a vertical plane. The bead is projected from the lowest
point of the wire with a speed . Show that the outward reaction
⁄ and that its trajectory passes through .
√ of the wire when the radius vector to the bead makes an angle
� with the down ward verticle is given by = −
22. A particle moves on the smooth internal surface of a vertical
circle. If the particle is projected along the circle from the lowest cos � − . Also find the least value of so that the bead
�
� reaches the highest point.
point with a velocity √ , then show that it leaves the circle
and find where. Show further that the particle passes through the 26. A particle moves in a circle of radius and center plane.
lowest point of the circle in the subsequent motion. Show that the radial and the transverse components of the
acceleration of are − � , � respectively where � is the angle
23. A particle , inside and at the lowest point of a smooth hollow between and the . A smooth hemisphere of radius and
sphere, of radius and center , is projected horizontally with center is fixed with its base on a horizontal plane. A heavy
speed such that < < . Find its speed when particle of mass slides on the curved surface of the
has turned through an angle � and the particle is still contact with hemisphere, being slightly displaced from rest at the highest
the surface of the sphere. Show that the particle will leave the point. When the radius makes an angle �(< �⁄ ) with the
upward vertical , find
 (i). the velocity of ; and Show that the velocity of the particle is √ �− �
(ii). the reaction on and find the reaction on the particle. Hence show that the particle
Show that the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity goes off from the surface when makes an angle
of , when it leaves the surface the surface of the hemisphere −
with the upward vertical.
√ � √ �
are 9
and 9
respectively.
30. A particle of mass suspends from the center of the upper
27. One end of a light inelastic is connected to a particle and the surface of a closed hollow cubical box by means of a light
other end is fixed to a point . Then is held a above and inelastic string of length . The cubical box is in rest on a
projected horizontally with a velocity . horizontal rough surface. The particle is released from rest at a
point closed to the upper surface with string taut. Assuming that
(i) Show that if > , performance complete the box doesn’t move, find the frictional force and the normal
circles reaction on the box. Assuming that the box doesn’t topple, Show
(ii) Show that if < , moves a time [ − that � > then the box doesn’t slide. Where is
� √� �+
⁄ the coefficient of friction between the box and the surface.
] under gravity
�
28. A particle is placed on a point marked in the outside surface 31. A light solid hemisphere of radius rest on a horizontal floor
of a smooth horizontal fixed cylinder. Then it is projected so as its plane base touches the floor. The center of the plane
tangentially down with a velocity , so as it moves in a plane base is . particle of mass is placed at the topmost point
perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. is located above from and released. For the subsequent motion find the reaction on the
the axis of the cylinder. Show that if < ℎ The particle just particle when makes � with the upward vertical , assuming
leaves the surface whereas if > ℎ it leaves the surface, at a the hemisphere continues rest. If the coefficient of friction
√
depth
�
ℎ− from . Also show that the velocity of the between the hemisphere and floor is , then show

particle when it leaves the surface is √ ℎ+ .

32. A bead of mass is threaded to a circular wire of radius , fixed
in a vertical plane. A light inelastic string connects the bead and
29. A heavy Particle is placed at a point on a fixed smooth soild it passes through a fixed smooth ring at the center of the circle
sphere of radius and center . Then it is released. The point and holds another suspending particle of mass �. The bead is
is so as makes � with the upward vertical. If the particle projected at a velocity √ from the lowest point of the wire.
is still on the surface when makes � with the upward vertical,
 Find the least value of so as the bead achieves the topmost time = . If makes an angle � with the upward vertical at
point of the wire. Taking = and if � lies between and time , show by using the principle of conservation of
show that the reaction between the bead and the wire � �
mechanical energy, that = sin � + cos � provide
vanishes for an instant during the motion. +
that the string is taut deduce that above equation is valid only
33. Two beads of masses and � > are connected by an when � �⁄ . Find the reaction on the particle and
inelastic string and the beads are free to slide along a fixed show that its direction changes before the string become slack
vertical circular wire. When the string is taut it subtends � at � > − √ .
the center of the circle. At the beginning the beads are in rest and
the string is horizontal above the center of the circle and then 36. A light string of length is fixed to a point at . A , it
released. When the string makes � to the horizontal show that holds a heavy particle. When the string is taut and horizontal the
� �c �+� + c �− particle is released. When the string becomes vertical, it
� = { �− } , where is the
�+
touches a peg vertically below from . Show that the
radius of the circle. Hence or otherwise show that the tension of
� � a �c �
tension in the string is just double and for the subsequent motion.
the string is , before the string becomes vertical. Particle performs complete circles with center .
�+

34. A smooth circular wire of radius is fixed vertically. Two rings 37. One end of a light inelastic string of length is fixed to a load
of masses and are fixed to the ends of a light rod and the of mass �, on a perfect rough table. The other end is fixed to a
ring are freely slide along the circular wire as they are released particle of mass . When is away from and the string
from rest when the rod is horizontal. Show that the stress of the is horizontal, velocity is given to vertically
rod is tan � cos � where � is the angle subtended at upwards. Assuming does not move. Find the tension of the
+
string when makes � to the horizontal . Show that the
the center by the rod and � is the angle of the rod to the
horizontal. Find the reactions on the rings in terms of � and �̇. perpendicular reaction on is � { − sin � −
� �

sin � } .Find the minimum value of this reaction. Show that

35. A smooth narrow and hollow tube, bent into the form of a circle
of center and radius , is fixed with its plane vertical. Two continues the contact with the table until complete a semicircle
�
particles and of masses and respectively, are � > �
.
connected by a light inextensible string of length � ⁄ and are
placed in the tube with vertically above and level with ,
the string lying in the tube. Then system is released from rest at
38. Two equal light rods , are freely jointed at . The ends making an angle − −�
with the upward vertical,
�
and are fixed to two points which re in same horizontal level
so as ̂ = �⁄ and = . vertically below . A ring provided that √ .
of mass is freely suspended from by means of a string of
length . Particle is initialized to move from rest when it is at 41. One end of a light inextensible string of length is tied fixed
a point parallel with string taut. Find the tension of the point while a particle is tied to the other end. The string is held
string when it has turned �. Show that the stress (tension) in the tightly and horizontally and the particle is projected vertically
rod is sin � cos(�⁄ − �). Find the maximum value of upwards with velocity . Show that the string becomes
the stress given above. slack when it turns at an angle � − / | < |. In the
resulting motion. If the particle goes across , show that =
39. One end of a light inelastic string is fixed to a point. A particle √ .
is fixed to the other end and it swings in a vertical circle. When
the particle is in diametrically opposite points, show that the sum 42. From the lowest point inside a hollow, smooth fixed sphere of
of the tensions is the same for all the diameters. If the circle is center and radius , a particle is projected with horizontal
of radius , find the minimum velocity should be applied at the velocity . If < < , show that the particle leaves
lowest point, so as the particle achieves the top most point. ( +� )
the surface of the sphere at a height of �
from the starting

40. A small ring of mass is free to slide on a smooth circular wire point.
of center and radius a fixed in a vertical plane. It is connected
(i). If the particle leaves the surface at point and if the particle
to the highest point of the wire by a light elastic string of
touches the surface at point and if the particle touches the
natural length and modulus of elasticity . The ring is held
surface again at point , when becomes a diameter of the
at the lowest point of the wire, and given a horizontal velocity
circle, show that makes an angle with the vertical and
(> √ ), tangential to the wire, taking ̂ = � at time ,
find the value of .
show that,

(ii). If = / ⁄ , show that in the motion, the particle

− cos �⁄ . Show
�
When � , � = −
falls on to the starting point after leaving the surface.
further that the ring will come to instantaneous rest with
43. A small ring of mass is suspended from two light
inextensible strings and , each of length and tied two
 points positioned cos � apart on the same vertical relative to the dish along the same radius of the dish such that
level. The ring is projected from its position of equilibrium the string is taut. The maximum tension borne by the string
perpendicular to the plane with horizontal velocity . If the < < < is � . If the string is taut and at rest, Show
ring describes a complete vertical circle of radius sin �, find that + � and � �.
the tension of the string when the perpendicular drawn from
to makes an angle ∅ with the verticle line and show that = 47. A hemispherical shell of center and radius is fixed such its
cot � cos � and show that these motions in corresponding rim is horizontally above. A particle of mass moves in the
circles can only happen � � −
. inner surface of the shell with angular velocity � on the
√ horizontal plane. This particle is tied to one end of a light hole
at the lowest point of the shell and its other end holds a particle
44. From the highest point on a smooth fixed solid sphere of radius
of mass . This particle moves with an angular velocity � along
, a heavy particle is projected horizontally with velocity
a horizontal circle like an angular pendulum. Considering the
(< √ ). Describe the motion of the particle. If = , show motion of the second particle, show that such a motion can take
that the particle hits a point at a distance ( √ + √ ) from place only is � > / where is the length of string outside
the horizontal plane across the lowest point of the sphere. the shell. If makes an angle with the vertical, show that
� = / and that the reaction between and the shell is
45. A bed of mass � which can move along a smooth horizontal .
wire is jointed to a particle of mass by means of a light 48.
inextensible string. The particle is kept such that it is in contact
A hollow cubical box of mass with side of length 2a lie at rest on
with the wire and the string is held taught and then the particle
a rough horizontal table. A simple pendulum is made with a bob of
is released. Show that when the wire makes an angle � with the
−c �
mass which is suspended by means of an inelastic string from the
string the particle has moved a distant of along the middle point of the lid of the box. The pendulum can oscillate
�+
wire . Power that � + sin � through right angles in both sides of the vertical and the velocity of
the bob is zero when the pendulum is horizontal. Show that such a
46. A circular dish of radius with a constant angular velocity � motion can take place without over tuning the box, provided that
√ −
on the horizontal plane. The inner of radius b ( co-centered with �> .
the dish) is rough while the rest of the surface is perfectly
smooth. The coefficient of friction of the rough surface is . Two
particles of masses , respectively are joined by
an inextensible string. The two particles are initially kept at rest