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VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer Operator's Manual
VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer Operator's Manual
Electrolyte Analyzer
Operator's Manual
06-02305-00
TRADEMARKS
VetTest, VetLyte and IDEXX VetLab are trademarks of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. in the United States
and/or other countries.
Preface
Welcome
Your VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer is a powerful tool designed to help you quickly, accurately
and efficiently conduct basic electrolyte testing in the convenience of your own laboratory.
This manual will help guide you through setting up your analyzer and will help you start running
samples. As you become familiar with the operation of the unit, you may use the manual as a
reference for day-to-day routines and as a guide for maintenance and troubleshooting.
If you have an analyzer that is not yet set up, you should begin by reading Sections A and B.
Information on analyzer operation and maintenance is contained in Sections C and D. Operator
functions are described in Section E. Detailed service information and operating principles can
be found in Sections F and H. Self-help procedures are outlined in Section G.
Table of Contents
B. Installation
Before you Begin..................................................... B-1
Setting Up . .............................................................. B-2
Electrodes and Measuring Chamber........................ B-2
Preparing the Analyzer for Operation...................... B-5
Connecting the VetLyte to the VetTest..................... B-6
Initial Electrode Maintenance.................................. B-8
C. Operation
Sample Preparation.................................................. C-1
Sample Storage Guidelines...................................... C-1
Operational Characteristics...................................... C-2
Operating the VetLyte Individually.......................... C-3
D. Maintenance
Scheduled Maintenance........................................... D-1
Unscheduled Maintenance....................................... D-6
E. Operator Functions
Checking Reagant Fluid Level ............................... E-1
Standby Mode ......................................................... E-2
Setting Date and Time.............................................. E-2
View Calibration Data.............................................. E-2
Change Baud Rate .................................................. E-2
Take Out of Operation ............................................ E-2
F. Service Functions
Test Electrodes..........................................................F-1
Test Sample Sensor...................................................F-1
Test Sample Door......................................................F-2
Test Peristaltic Pump.................................................F-2
Test Pinch Valves......................................................F-2
Test Amplifier ..........................................................F-3
Enter Service Codes..................................................F-3
G. Self-Help Guide
Status: Not Calibrated.............................................. G-1
Standard A Not Detected.......................................... G-1
Standard B Not Detected......................................... G-1
Check Sample Sensor.............................................. G-2
ii Check Reference Housing........................................ G-2
Please Close Sample Door....................................... G-2
No Sample................................................................ G-2
Cleaning Fluid Not Detected................................... G-3
Conditioning Fluid Not Detected............................. G-3
Check Electrodes..................................................... G-3
Clog in Sample Path................................................ G-4
↓↓↓↓ ↑↑↑↑............................................................. G-4
ERR......................................................................... G-4
H. Principles of Operation
The Measurement Principle..................................... H-1
Physical Principle..................................................... H-1
Sodium Electrode Specifications............................. H-4
Potassium Electrode Specifications......................... H-5
Chloride Electrode Specifications............................ H-6
Reference Electrode Assembly Specifications......... H-7
Appendices
Technical Specifications.............................................I-1
Program Flow Chart.................................................. J-1
Maintenance Log Master......................................... K-1
Warranty................................................................... L-1
iii
Section A - Getting To Know Your VetLyte
For your own safety and the proper operation of your equipment, always follow these
precautions when working with your VetLyte:
• Keep the analyzer away from all sources of liquids such as sinks and wash basins.
• Don’t use ammonia-based or alcohol-based cleaners, which can chemically react with
plastic, on or around the analyzer.
• Always handle blood samples and collection devices with care.
• Use approved protective gloves to avoid direct contact with sample.
• Aseptic procedures are required when cleaning the sampling probe to avoid
contamination.
• Dispose of ISE Fluid Pack according to local regulations.
A-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Getting To Know Your VetLyte
Control Panel Display Control Panel Keypad
Front Door
A-2
Getting To Know Your VetLyte – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Analyzer Components
The VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer is a fully automatic,
microprocessor-controlled medical instrument that
measures:
YES
NO Na+ : Sodium
K+ : Potassium
Cl¯ : Chloride
A-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Getting To Know Your VetLyte
Measuring Chamber
Peristaltic Pump
Sample Probe
Mechanism
Fluid Control
Valves
A-4
Getting To Know Your VetLyte – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
The measuring chamber consists of the movable left
locking device that holds the electrodes in place, the
electrodes, the right electrode holder with sample sensor
connector, and the measuring chamber base. Electrodes
are labeled:
Ref : Reference
REF Na +
K +
Cl -
Na+ : Sodium
K+ : Potassium
Cl¯ : Chloride
R
V
A-5
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Getting To Know Your VetLyte
The self-contained ISE Fluid Pack uses an integral
checkvalve to ensure that waste cannot spill out of the
package.
See illustration A-10.
VetLyte
A-6
Getting To Know Your VetLyte – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Section B - Installation
Location is important for trouble-free operation of your analyzer. Before you begin setup,
choose a site that is convenient for your sampling needs and meets the following physical
requirements of the unit:
Now it’s time to unpack your VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer. Carefully remove the unit from
the box. DO NOT lift the analyzer by the foam packaging materials, which are provided for
shipping only.
Before you begin installing your system, take a moment to look over the contents to ensure
that you have everything you need to get your analyzer up and running.
Check for these items:
Operator’s Manual
Power cord
Electrodes
ISE Fluid Pack
Cleaning Solution A
Electrode Conditioning Solution
Cable
13' 3/8"
B-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Installation
Setting Up
B-2
Installation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Unscrew the red transport housing from the reference
electrode and check that the o-ring on the electrode is
properly seated.
See illustration B-5.
Red transport
housing
B-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Installation
Locate the sample sensor cable and ensure that it is
securely inserted into the receptacle above the measuring
chamber. Check that an o-ring is present in the right
electrode holder.
See illustration B-9.
B-4
Installation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Plug the tubing connector of the reference housing
assembly into the receptacle below the left side of
the measuring chamber. Close the front cover of the
analyzer.
See illustration B-13.
B-5
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Installation
B-16. Connecting RS232 cable
Connecting The VetLyte To The VetTest
Note: Do not plug in the VetTest before reading
instructions regarding set-up of the VetTest. It is critical that
the instructions found in the VetTest operator’s manual be
followed in detail during this procedure.
B-6
Installation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
The analyzer will display a default date and time and will allow you to input the correct
date and time.
1. Press the NO key until the correct day is displayed. Press YES. The cursor will move to
the month.
2. Press NO until the correct month is displayed. Press YES.
3. Press NO until the correct year is displayed. Press YES. The correct date should now be
displayed.
4. Follow the same procedure to enter the correct time.
5. After entering the time, the analyzer will prompt: OK? Press YES, if the date and time
you entered is correct, or press NO to make a change.
6. After entering YES, the system will enter a brief electronic warm-up period.
Note:: By keeping the NO key depressed, the analyzer will automatically scroll through the
numbers, first slowly, then fast.
Congratulations!
Your VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer is now prepared for initial electrode maintenance.
B-7
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Installation
Initial Electrode Maintenance
Prior to performing your first calibration or running your
first sample, the VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer needs to
undergo a simple cleaning and conditioning procedure
that helps ensure the unit will perform properly.
B-8
Installation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
After the countdown is completed, the system will
prompt Perform Daily Conditioning? Press YES. The
prompt Open Sample Door/Introduce Sample will
be displayed. Lift the sample door. Wait for the prompt
Introduce Sample to be displayed. The pump will begin to
aspirate. Now, introduce the conditioning solution to the
probe.
See illustration B-21.
Hold the solution under the probe until the prompt Wipe
Probe/Close Sample Door is displayed. Use a lint-free
tissue to wipe the probe and close the door.
See illustration B-22.
B-19. Introducing cleaning solution
The analyzer will now display Thank You! and a
brief countdown will begin. Upon completion of the
countdown, the prompt Remain in Maintenance? will
be displayed. Press NO. The unit will prompt Are You
Sure? Press YES.
B-20. Cleaning probe Warning: It is very important that the main door is
closed during calibration, since it provides shielding from
sources of electromagnetic interference.
B-9
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Installation
Section C - Operation
The VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer provides fast, convenient analysis of serum, plasma or
anticoagulated whole blood.
Sample Preparation
Serum Sample
Draw patient blood into a syringe or vacuum collection tube. Do not heparinize syringe. If
using syringe, remove needle and quickly transfer to a red top OR serum separator tube. Let
tube sit for a minimum of 20 minutes. Make sure sample is fully clotted.
(Clotting time may vary by sample.)
Centrifuge for 10 minutes in a standard centrifuge (8,000 rpm) OR for 120 seconds in a high
speed (12,000 - 16,000 rpm) centrifuge.
Process immediately, or see sample storage guidelines.
Plasma Sample
Draw patient blood into a heparinized syringe or vacuum collection tube. If using syringe,
remove needle and quickly transfer to a lithium heparin tube. Fill 1/2 to 3/4 full. Gently invert
for 30 seconds to mix.
While we recommend that you process and analyze blood samples immediately after
collection for best results, following are sample storage and testing guidelines.
For storage, the serum or plasma must be separated and removed from the blood cells. Do
not attempt to pour off sample. Using a transfer pipette, carefully transfer to an untreated
collection tube, taking care not to draw up any white or red blood cells. Cap tube tightly to
avoid contamination and evaporation.
Storing serum/plasma
If you cannot perform analysis within four (4) hours of drawing and processing the sample,
refrigerate at 2 to 8°C (36 to 46°F). If you cannot perform analysis for more than 48 hours,
you should freeze serum/plasma at -18°C (0°F).
C-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Operation
Analysis of Stored Samples
For samples stored between 2 and 8°C (36° and 46°F) and at - 18°C (0°F):
Allow the sample to come to room temperature, between 19 and 27°C (66 and 81°F).
Mix gently but thoroughly by inversion. Do not shake!
Centrifuge sample to remove any fibrin particles that may have formed during storage.
Analyze sample immediately after centrifugation.
Operational Characteristics
With VetTest
The test results of the VetLyte will show in its display and will also printout on the VetTest
or an external printer. Electrolyte reference ranges will show on the printout, along with
the results. If results are beyond the reference ranges for any analyte, Hi or Lo indicators
will be displayed and printed on the VetTest printout. Results above the linearity range of
the analyzer will not print out on the VetTest, and will be displayed as dashes (--.--) on an
external printer.
Sample measurement may be initiated on either the VetTest or the VetLyte. It is recommended
that the sample be first presented to the VetTest, as the sample cycle time is longer than that
of the VetLyte. Under these conditions, chemistry testing on the VetTest may be in progress
while you begin sample aspiration on the VetLyte.
In this case, follow the prompts appearing on the displays of each analyzer. When each
analyzer has completed its test run, the data for both the VetLyte and VetTest will be printed
on the VetTest print-out under the patient number which was entered on the VetTest.
If the sample is entered on the VetLyte first, the VetLyte will prompt you to enter the patient
species. It is important to note that if patient species and patient ID data is not entered on the
VetTest, electrolyte data from the VetLyte will appear only in the VetLyte display and will not
appear on the VetTest print-out or be combined with the VetTest chemistry results.
With VetLab
(See VetTest Appendix R)
C-2
Operation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Operating the VetLyte Individually
The operator can also run the VetLyte analyzer when the VetTest analyzer is turned off. In this
case, the VetLyte test results will show only on the VetLyte analyzer display and will not be
available from the VetTest.
C-1. Introducing a sample Hold the sample under the probe until Wipe Probe and
Close Sample Door is displayed. Use a lint-free tissue
to clean the probe, then close the sample door when
prompted.
See illustration C-2.
C-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Operation
Section D - Maintenance
Scheduled Maintenance:
Performing Electrode Maintenance
To ensure proper performance of the analyzer, a daily
conditioning and weekly cleaning is required.
D-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Maintenance
The prompt Open Sample Door Introduce Sample
will be displayed. Lift the sample door. Wait for the
prompt Introduce Sample. The pump will begin to
aspirate. Introduce the conditioning solution to the sample
probe.
See illustration D-3.
D-3. Introduce conditioning solution Upon completion of the countdown, the prompt Remain
in Maintenance? will be displayed. Press NO. The
unit will prompt Are You Sure? press YES. The
VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer will automatically initiate a
calibration cycle.
D-2
Maintenance – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Performing Monthly Maintenance
Monthly maintenance involves cleaning the reference
electrode housing, and should be performed prior to
daily maintenance. To complete this procedure, you will
need a small amount of household bleach.
D-5. Removing reference connector Open the front cover of the analyzer. Unplug the tubing
of the reference electrode from the receptacle below the
left side of the measuring chamber.
See illustration D-5.
D-7. Unclamping left electrode holder After 15 minutes, remove the reference housing from the
bleach, thoroughly rinse the housing with tap water and
dry.
D-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Maintenance
Remove the reference electrode from the red transport
housing or sample cup. Check that the o-ring on the
electrode is properly seated.
D-4
Maintenance – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Performing 6-Month Maintenance
Every six months, the peristaltic pump tubing needs to
be replaced.
Install the new pump tubing plate and slip the new pump
tubing over the analyzer pump rollers, being careful not
to twist or cross them.
D-5
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Maintenance
Unscheduled Maintenance:
On a weekly basis, or whenever necessary, you should
clean the sample fill port and sample probe, as well as
the exterior analyzer surfaces.
To clean the sample fill port and probe, open the sample
door and clean the fill port, probe and surrounding area
with a damp cotton swab. When finished, close the
sample door. The exterior surfaces should be wiped
clean with a soft, damp cloth.
Changing Electrodes
Slide the measuring chamber forward until it locks in the
front position.
See illustration D-14.
D-6
Maintenance – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Install electrode in its labeled position in the measuring
chamber. Note that the electrode has a lip on the bottom
that rests on the flat edge of the measuring chamber to
aid in proper positioning.
See illustration D-18.
D-7
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Maintenance
Section E - Operator Functions
E-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Operator Functions
Standby Mode
Your analyzer has been programmed to automatically enter Standby mode three hours after
calibration. If no further sampling is required, you may place the analyzer in Standby mode.
E-2
Operator Functions – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
The take-out-of-operation routine assists you in
performing a complete shutdown of the analyzer. A
complete shutdown may be indicated to prepare the
analyzer for shipping or in case the analyzer is not being
used for an extended period of time. For this procedure,
you will need a special shutdown kit (not supplied with
the analyzer).
E-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Operator Functions
Carefully unscrew the reference electrode from the
reference electrode housing. Temporarily place the
reference electrode on a clean, soft cloth. Next, pour the
remaining reference solution in the reference housing
into a transport housing. Then carefully screw the
reference electrode into the filled transport housing.
E-4
Operator Functions – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
The prompt Pump Windings Relieved? appears. First, grasp the front winding close to
the pump roller and gently pull it off the roller. Repeat the same procedure for the rear pump
winding. Press YES. The analyzer will ask Do You Wish to DELETE All Data?
Select NO.
Warning: If you press YES, conversion factors, date/time and ISE Fluid Pack volume
are reset to default.
Then the analyzer will prompt Shutdown Complete Turn Power Off. After the
power has been turned off, unplug the power cord and the cable from the receptacles. Close
the main door. Clean all external surfaces of the analyzer as well as the areas accessible
through the main door and the sample door.
E-5
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Operator Functions
Section F - Service Functions
Service Functions
To aid in testing and troubleshooting your VetLyte, there are various built-in functions
that you can access to evaluate the performance of the instrument. From the ANALYZE
SAMPLE? display, press NO until the prompt SERVICE FUNCTIONS? appears. Press YES.
Test Electrodes
You can test the voltage levels of the electrodes by using standard solutions or an external
sample. Press NO until the prompt Test Electrodes? is displayed. Press YES and the prompt
Test Standard A? will be displayed. Press YES and the voltages for each electrolyte will
appear. Record these values. Press NO to exit.
The prompt Test Standard B? will now be displayed. Press YES and the voltages for each
electrolyte will appear. Record these values and compare in this manner:
After testing the electrodes against the standard solutions, the VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer
will prompt Test External Sample? press NO to exit or to perform other service functions.
If you press YES, the instrument will prompt Open Sample Door Introduce Sample.
Press YES
Introduce the sample to the probe until the prompt Remove Sample/Wipe Probe is
received. After closing the sample door, the voltages will automatically appear. Check
for stable readings. Press NO to exit and after a short Please Wait message, the prompt
Remain in Test Electrodes? will appear. Press NO to exit or to perform other service
functions.
For testing purposes, distilled water, Electrode Cleaning Solution A or Conditioning Solution
may be used.
To check the sample sensor, from the SERVICE FUNCTIONS? display, press YES and then
NO until Test Sample Sensor? appears. Press YES. The analyzer will display the normal
range and the measured value. The measured value is ideally around 100.
Pour a small amount of clear liquid into a clean sample cup. Press YES, open the sample door
and promptly introduce liquid into probe.
F-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Service Functions
Wait a few seconds for liquid to be aspirated. Press NO to stop the pump. Wipe the probe
and close the sample door. The analyzer will display the normal range of 80-120; clear liquid
should read at least 40 units higher than the initial measured value. Press NO again to exit or
to perform other service functions.
Raise the sample door and the display should indicate that the door is open with an “O” in
the upper right corner of the display. Close the door and the “O” should change to a “C”
indicating the door is closed.
The pump will progressively display Very Slow Speed, Slow Speed, Medium Speed
and Fast Speed, and an audible change should be heard in the pump’s speed of operation.
Close the front door and press NO to exit or perform other service functions.
Note: The pump speed is electronically controlled and should not require any adjustment.
Open the analyzer front door. From the SERVICE FUNCTIONS? display, press YES and then
NO until Test Pinch Valves? appears. Press YES.
F-2
Service Functions – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Test Amplifier
This menu option is for service use only.
To access either of these options, press NO until you reach the SERVICE FUNCTIONS?
display. Press YES. Press NO until Enter Service Code? appears. Press YES. Enter Code
will be displayed.
To increase resolution enter code DEC by selecting NO until desired letter is displayed.
Select YES to accept.
Note: VetLyte results printed through your VetTest will automatically use the additional
decimal place.
After entering the code, the analyzer will prompt Code Accepted, then it will display Enter
Another Service Code? press YES to do so, NO to exit.
To change reporting units from ISE to flame-equivalence, enter code ESI by selecting NO
until desired letter is displayed. Select YES to accept. After entering the code, the analyzer
will prompt Code Accepted, then it will display Enter Another Service Code? Press
YES to do so, NO to exit.
Note: If an incorrect code is entered during the process, the analyzer will prompt Code
Error Retry? Press YES to correct the code or NO to exit.
To remove a service code, enter the reversed sequence of the code letters (example: DEC
becomes CED and ISE become ESI).
F-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Service Functions
Section G - Self Help Guide
Your VetLyte is designed to provide long, trouble-free service. However, any scientific
measuring device may occasionally malfunction, requiring the operator to identify the cause
of the problem.
The following information lists displayed messages and recommends steps that should
help you return your VetLyte to operation. If your VetLyte does not perform correctly after
conducting the basic steps outlined in this chapter, you should contact IDEXX for technical
support.
Self Help
STATUS: NOT CALIBRATED
This message will be displayed when calibration has been interrupted.
Possible remedies:
• Perform system calibration to return the instrument to the ANALYZE SAMPLE? mode.
Possible remedies:
• Confirm the presence of the o-rings in the left side of all electrodes and in the right side
electrode holder. See illustrations B-4 and B-9.
• Replace the ISE Fluid Pack.
• Clean the sample sensor by performing Weekly Maintenance. Perform the sample
sensor test (see Section F, page 1). Ensure the sample sensor is securely plugged in. See
illustration B-9.
• Replace the peristaltic pump tube set to ensure correct aspiration of Standard A.
• Check for clots or crystals that may have formed in the Standard A tubing or the electrode
chamber. If clots or crystals are seen, contact technical support for assistance.
Note: At the beginning of calibration, the analyzer checks for the presence of Standard
B first. Therefore, a missing o-ring or a blockage in the sample path will result in a
STANDARD B NOT DETECTED message.
G-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Self Help Guide
CHECK SAMPLE SENSOR
The sample sensor is calibrated with air during each calibration. For proper functioning, the
sensor must provide a reading of 80 - 120 units when air is detected. For transparent fluids
(e.g. water) the reading should increase by at least 40 units. To check sample sensor response,
perform Test Sample Sensor (see Section F, page 1). Then perform a calibration to remove the
error message.
Possible remedies:
• Clean sample sensor by using the Weekly Maintenance procedure. Ensure the sample
sensor is properly plugged in. See illustration B-9.
• Replace the peristaltic pump tube set.
Possible remedies:
• Check the double reference tubing for large air bubbles. If seen, repeat calibration.
• Ensure that the double reference tubing is securely connected to the receptacle.
• Clean the reference housing (See Performing Monthly Maintenance in Section D).
• Replace the ISE Fluid Pack.
• Replace the peristatic pump tube set.
Possible remedy:
• Close the sample door within time allowed.
NO SAMPLE
Under certain conditions, the analyzer may not detect the presence of a sample and an error
message will occur. This could be caused by the sample door remaining open more than 20
seconds after sample is introduced or prompts are not followed. Also check for air bubbles in
the sample, a highly lipemic or viscous sample, a sample volume too small to analyze, or no
sample being aspirated through the sampling mechanism.
Possible remedies:
• First, repeat the sample to see if it is detected properly on a second trial.
• Close the sample door within time allowed.
• When you open the door, wait for the prompt Introduce Sample?
G-2
Self Help Guide – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
• Check sample aspiration and look for the presence of clots in the sampling system.
• Check for the presence of o-rings and for proper sealing of the electrodes.
• Ensure that the sample sensor is plugged in and perform TEST SAMPLE SENSOR to
verify that it is operating correctly (see Section F, page 1).
• Replace pump windings.
Possible remedies:
• When you open door, wait for the prompt Introduce Sample.
• Check for the presence of o-rings and for proper sealing of the electrodes.
• Check for aspiration of cleaning solution and look for presence of clots in the sampling
system.
• Check for the proper sealing of the pump windings.
• Ensure that the sample sensor is plugged in and perform Test Sample Sensor to verify
that it is operating correctly (see Section F, page 1).
Possible remedies:
• When you open door, wait for the prompt Introduce Sample.
• Check for the presence of o-rings and for proper sealing of the electrodes.
• Check for aspiration of conditioning solution and look for presence of clots in the
sampling system.
• Check for the proper sealing of the pump windings.
• Ensure that the sample sensor is plugged in and perform Test Sample Sensor to verify that
it is operating correctly (see Section F, page 1).
CHECK ELECTRODES
If none of the electrodes passes the calibration, the Check Electrodes message will be
displayed.
Possible remedies:
• Ensure that electrodes are properly plugged in. See illustrations B-7 through B-11.
• Perform Monthly Maintenance.
• Replace the ISE fluid pack.
G-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Self Help Guide
CLOG IN SAMPLE PATH
If the unit is unable to clear the sample path, the message CLOG IN SAMPLE PATH will be
displayed.
Possible remedies:
• Make sure that the electrode o-rings are present and seated properly.
See illustration B-4.
• Perform weekly cleaning.
• Check the ISE Fluid Pack volume; if less than 5% is remaining, replace pack.
↑↑↑↑ ↓↓↓↓
In case the unit displays arrows up or arrows down instead of the sample results, the
concentration of the sample is outside the measurement range (see specifications).
Possible remedies:
• Check for proper sample preparation (see Section C, page 1).
• Rerun sample. For high results, dilute sample 1:1 with sterile water and repeat.
ERR.
If the unit displays ERR. instead of the sample results, no valid voltage reading could be
obtained from the electrode.
Possible remedies:
• Check for proper sample preparation (see Section C, page 1).
• Ensure electrodes are properly plugged in.
See illustrations B-7 through B-11.
• Check for air bubbles in the sample.
G-4
Self Help Guide – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Section H - Principles of Operation
A galvanic measuring chain within the electrode determines the difference between the
two potential values on either side of the membrane. The galvanic chain is closed through
the sample on one side by the reference electrode, the reference electrolyte and the “open
terminal.” The membrane, inner electrolyte and inner electrode close the other side.
See illustration H-1.
The different ion concentrations between the inner electrolyte and the sample causes an
electrochemical potential to form on the membrane of the active electrode. The potential
is conducted by the inner electrode to the input of an amplifier. The reference electrode is
connected to ground as well as the second input of the amplifier.
Since the reference electrode is on ground, amplification of the electrode potential allows
further signal processing.
The ion concentration in the sample is then determined and displayed by using a calibration
curve determined by two measured points of standard solutions with precisely known ion
concentrations (two-point calibration), and by using the measured voltage of the sample and
the Standard A (one-point calibration).
Physical Principle
An ion-selective electrode is connected with a reference electrode to form a measuring
system. When immersed in a solution that contains the relative ion, the Nernst equation
applies:
R · T
1. E = E’± _______ · In ai
n · F
or
R · T
2. E = E’± _______ · In (fi · ci) (+) for cations,
n · F (-) for anions
H-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Principles of Operation
The equation can also be written:
If the ion concentration of one measuring solution is known, the ion concentration of the
sample can be determined on the basis of the difference of two measured potentials.
ci sample
6. E = E sample - Estandard = S · log
ci standard
As demonstrated by these equations, the ion selective electrodes do not measure the ion
concentration but the activity of the ions concerned. This activity is a criterion of the ion’s
ability to interact with other ions, in which each ion binds a proportion of its energy.
H-2
Principles of Operation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
The ion concentration is calculated on the basis of the ion activity. The correlation is affected
by the total number of ions in the solution. Because sodium in whole blood and serum is the
predominant ion, the known value of the sodium concentration makes it possible to ascertain
and adjust for total ion effect and strength.
Voltmeter
Inner
Reference Electrode
Solution
Ion-Selective Electrode
Current Terminal
Ion-Selective
Membrane
Measured solution
Amplifier Display
Ground
Na+
Reference
Reference
electrode housing K+
electrolyte (KCl) Na+ electrode K+ electrode Cl-
Reference
electrode Cl- electrode
Inner electrode
Glass capillary
Inner electrolyte
Sample
Sodium sensitive Potassium sensitive Chloride sensitive
membrane membrane membrane
H-3
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Principles of Operation
O-ring seal
Sodium Electrode Specifications
electrolyte chamber
The Sodium Electrode is a glass capillary electrode
used for in-vitro diagnostic measurement of sodium
ions present in fluid samples. See illustration H-3. It is
inner electrode designated with a Na+ marking on the top surface of the
housing.
Construction
glass
capillary Electrode housing: transparent acrylic plastic
serial number connecting pin Measuring capillary: sodium sensitive glass
Electrolyte chamber: airtight, filled with electrolyte
H-3. Sodium electrode construction solution for Na+ electrodes
Pin connector: silver, silver chloride
(Ag/AgCl)
H-4
Principles of Operation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
ion sensative Potassium Electrode Specifications
membrane
The Potassium Electrode is a membrane electrode used
for measurement of potassium ions present in fluid
O-ring seal
Construction
glass
Electrode housing: transparent acrylic plastic
capillary Measuring membrane: potassium-ion sensitive
serial number inner
connecting pin
Electrolyte chamber: airtight, filled with electrolyte
electrode
solution for K+ electrodes
H-4. Potassium electrode construction Pin connector: silver, silver chloride
(Ag / AgCl)
H-5
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Principles of Operation
ion sensative Chloride Electrode Specifications
membrane
The Chloride Electrode is a membrane electrode used for
measurement of chloride ions present in fluid samples.
O-ring seal
Construction
Electrode housing: transparent acrylic plastic
measuring
capillary Measuring membrane: chloride-ion sensitive
serial number inner Electrolyte chamber: airtight, filled with electrolyte
solution for Cl- electrodes
connecting pin
electrode
H-6
Principles of Operation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
entrance of ref. exit of ref. Reference Electrode Assembly Specifications
The Reference Electrode Assembly is a device used as
electrolyte electrolyte
glass
capillary an electrical junction between the sample and electrical
ground.
Construction
The Reference Electrode Assembly consists of two parts:
O-ring seal (c) the Reference Electrode Housing and the Reference
Electrode.
O-ring seal (b)
O-ring seal (a) serial number
Reference Electrode Housing
In the reference electrode housing, reference electrolyte
H-6. Reference electrode housing solution establishes the electrical contact between the
reference electrode and the sample. At the beginning of
each measurement, reference electrolyte is pumped into
the housing. At the same time a glass capillary allows
a small amount of reference electrolyte to pass into the
measuring capillary, thus establishing electrical contact
between the sample and the Reference Electrode.
See illustration H-6.
H-7
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Principles of Operation
Reference Electrode
The Reference Electrode completes the electrical circuit
platiunum wire cable housing between the reference electrolyte and electrical ground.
glass tube
This is accomplished by a cotton wool (saturated with
reference electrolyte)-calomel (Hg2Cl2)- mercury (Hg)-
platinum wire-connecting pin junction.
See illustration H-7.
cotton wool
calomel Use and Care
(Hg 2Cl2)
mercury (Hg) VetLyte Reference Electrodes are manufactured for use
in VetLyte Electrolyte Analyzer.
H-7. Reference electrode Proper care should be used in handling and storage of
the Reference Electrode. Never use strong or abrasive
cleaners such as alcohol or amphyl on the electrode.
H-8
Principles of Operation – VetLyte Operator’s Manual
Technical Specifications
Electrodes
Sodium (Na+) Sensor ion selective, flow-through, glass capillary electrode
Potassium (K ) Sensor
+
ion selective, flow-through, liquid membrane electrode
Chloride (Cl¯) Sensor ion selective, flow-through, liquid membrane electrode
Reference System open liquid junction, flow-through, electrode
Operating Parameters
Sample size 95 μL
Sample type serum, plasma, anticoagulated whole blood
Sample application sample cup and collection tube
Analysis time (approx.) 30 sec.
Calibration fully automatic 1- and 2-point calibrations
Diagnostic programs user-controlled diagnostics, plain language display
Electronics microprocessor-controlled
Display dot-matrix, 2 lines, 16 characters per line
Computer interface RS232C serial port
Power requirements 90 - 250 VAC 50/60 Hz
(self-adjusting) 1.4 amp max.
375 watts max.
Temperature room temperature, 15˚ - 32˚ C ; 60˚ - 90˚ F
Humidity < 85% relative humidity, non-condensing
Dimensions (HxWxD) 13.2 x 12.4 x 12.0”; 335 x 315 x 295 mm
Weight (approx.) 13 lbs.; 6 kg
Data subject to change without notice. Technical information is supplied for general informational
purposes only.
I-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Appendix: Technical Specifications
Appendix B
NO NO NO NO
NO
ANALYZE View Last ELECTRODE OPERATOR SERVICE CALIBRATION?
STANDBY NO FUNCTIONS?
SAMPLE? 12:00 Sample Results? MAINTENANCE? FUNCTIONS?
NO YES YES YES YES YES
NO
Remain in Set Test
YES Maintenance? Time/Date? Sample Door?
Equine?
NO NO NO
NO
NO Are View Calibration Test
You Data? Pump?
Other? Sure?
NO NO
YES
NO
CALIBRATE ... Change Baud Test Pinch
Rate? Valves?
Next Sample?
NO NO NO
YES
Take Out of
Operation? Test Interface?
Jump Pins 2 & 3
NO NO
Remain in
YES Operator Func? Test
Amplifier?
NO
NO
Enter/Verify
Service Code?
NO
Remain in
YES Service Func?
NO
J-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Appendix: Program Flow Chart
Appendix C
Maintenance log master
MONTH OF __________________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DAILY
Perform Daily Conditioning
WEEKLY
Perform Weekly Cleaning
Clean Sample Probe and Fill Port
Clean Analyzer Sur faces
MONTHLY
Clean Reference Electrode Housing Date __________ Initial __________
(check)
EVERY 6 MONTHS
Replace Peristaltic Pump T ubing Date __________ Initial __________
(check)
UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
Fluid Pack Date __________ Initial __________
(check)
Other ____________________
VetLyte
K-1
VetLyte Operator’s Manual – Appendix: Maintenance Log Master
Warranty
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (“IDEXX”) warrants this instrument to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship, when stored under appropriate conditions and given normal, proper
and intended usage, for one year from the date of delivery of the product to the original end user
purchaser or, in the case of computer software, licensee (“Buyer”). IDEXX agrees during the
applicable warranty period to repair or replace all defective products within 30 days after the
date of receipt by IDEXX of such defective products and without cost to Buyer. IDEXX shall
not have any obligation under this Limited Warranty to make repairs or replacements which
result, in whole or in part, from catastrophe, fault or negligence of the Buyer, or anyone claiming
through or on behalf of the Buyer, or from improper use of the products, or use of the products in
a manner for which they were not designed, or by causes external to the products. In addition, this
Limited Warranty shall not apply to expendable components, such as, but not limited to, fuses and
bulbs, which are incorporated or sold for use in instruments.
Buyer shall notify IDEXX of any products which it believes to be defective during the
warranty period. At IDEXX’s option, such products shall be returned by Buyer, transportation
and insurance prepaid, to IDEXX’s designated facility for examination and testing. IDEXX
shall repair or replace, within 30 days of receipt by IDEXX, any such product found to be so
defective and promptly return such repaired or replacement product to Buyer, transportation and
insurance prepaid. Should IDEXX’s examination and testing not disclose any defect covered
by the foregoing warranty, IDEXX shall so advise Buyer and dispose of or return the product in
accordance with Buyer’s instructions and at Buyer’s sole expense.
L-1
VetTest Operator’s Manual – Appendix: Warranty