( ommunnicamon Lo Introduehion Communication means the transfer of eoymaloo or Message fom one point fo arefher point Ry Grample teliphone eambles us fs falk fy any Peso day where co the world jut by ailing the Number Enbage of crBrxtion between hwo peep localed at huo UfRrent Places B Caled Communication and the sfet up wed Rr hss Purpose & called — Comrmecnicahon Syslea The basic unit of ay Communicah on System ase Shown © the Bgure.Communication Syste: TPransmilled signal massage _ 2 — ——— signa | ff ; Sourse of Mt ommae _| Communicabon | 7 Redever. — | | channes | tohermcion tpl Recioved Signal Elements of communication Sy: A Gmmuniaton syslen Consist of fouowing thsee Panis. ¥* Transmitley * Commun} catbon channel} x Receiver. Duering the Conversalion Between -hwo persons Spriker may be caud as the transmitter a Cistener as fhe Yedever Gnd -lhe Caller ve ning easy DB Cmmurication Chane].There are two basic mode oP communi cahon * point * point « Broad cast: ln a Point fa point communicatson takes Place befweon a Single trarsmitler anc Teuever ‘Telephone Communicahon «% an excample of Such mode of Communicabon- Io breadcast made there ase lange number oP resevers Corresponding fo ai Single hans - mitley © Rectio and felevision ase exemple fv breadcast communication.é Communi cahoo Basic termine logy used éo electronic ict System : Trans ducer. tt Ga device eshich convests one hrm of energy to another. electrical Sranscducey Convert physical Vasiables. Crty Corres parting Vasiabon é the Cleeétrical Signals . Sigoas The elechyical hrm OP brakes Br Transmission GS eerllecl Signal. Whe Signe! may be Avital oy analg hirn Paalog Signals Ue Voltage OF cement vasy CoPauously “uth Ame. Gj tol Signa consisk P cliscrele Pres of Voltage oy = Casenk cohsch Yeprasents the NBrmation to be Processed - they ase notConsruous & nate - Two voltage carment levels ase cused Cow /orr)- The Mgital Voltage oF cumsent ase vepraserlet by bivasy numbers Zero oY One Note. The cnewarted Signals mised uP cuits the message Signals of Gammunicabon Syslern ase noe. be reise AfBets dhe Communi cahor System adversely, To rans miter . —alitier The -harsmitler convert dhe message Signals P4ocucedl by the Souse of “rR raha cha fn Sulable fey transmission thsovgh channel. Recefvey Receiver vecreves. the menage Signals at theChanoe/ Oubaput and ‘re constut dhe Oxcat mewage Atlen uation. The low of shength of Signal cubile Pexsing Shsovgh A mecicum called! QHennakon. Ampli featson. /t & dbe [pres oP Aeveasing dhe Amplibade of Signal. his can be achived using ampli Bers Bandeusictth. The Begneny Yange Shsough which the Signal 5 Yeteved with Sy feenl Shength &s auld — hand width. Medolakon. In the case of low heguneoy signals it Cannot be transrmiled 40 long lislame » $% theselow Beg nenay Sigoals Ase Supper orposed on high Fegueny cuave cuhich ack as Carrier - This process 5 Callrel Mectulation- The madua- ton Signat & transmitted bom The trans midfer. De madulabron Se @aidahon The Proves of Vecouering She coBymabon fom “the Meckulatect waves calted dcemnodu. lation: WAks & clone at the Yedever Past Repeater. It @ a @mbinabon of Veeivey and gq trans miller “ dhis NE ey fo cncreare the Yange of Communicabon fhe Vpeedey Veéiqes the Signal from the transmitley Ql of & ample » the ampbifing Sgnat ve rans - milled ts the vecever .Bandeidth of Signals The communication Gystem the mesage Signal may be tbe farm of speech , music or pictuse - Gach of these Signats have cbifP erent ange of Feauenies the hype of Communication System nected Mr A Jiven Signal alepends up on the harct of Pegenenies tha Yange dver which the feynendes cp BA analog signal Vasy 6 Catteet the band width. For speech Signal, Kequenty range 300 Hz fo 3100 fz ch Consicleredt adequate - thene re Speech Signat equines a band widd of 2800 Hz C300 H2 ~ 300 Hz) To Aransmst Mesic cn approsimade band with °F a0 kHe oy vequined because ofhigh Requeny by the Musicals cuhuments The auctiable Yange oP feynencies extends fom oz fo Jo kHz. Tv Signal Corrleins both Voice and pichuse And ch Uselly allocatel 6 Myx band width for hansmission. Communeatson channek- — ets Gmmuoicaboo channel kyr an essenhal Gmporunt of a Communi cabon System. de CGmmunicabon channel me be Copper cuive Gaes, Ophea Bhers or the feo Spare The = Communjcalion Pooew «n which fee Space Sewers as transmitsion. modiun ts Called space Gmmuns cabonVari ous type of wave prepagatson- Depeoctiog 00 dhe mactulatson proces elappted , the Space communicabon & of the ftiowing dhsee Apes * Ground wave Ppagatson * Space wave Prepagatson x Sky wave P2opagation. Grround wave Px pagahon. ee fe Transmithiog Antenna Reuieving Antenna.Ground uave Communicabtn. To Yaclake Signals with bigh eBeeny , the attennas Should have a Size Comparable to the wave lerg th A of dhe Signed Cat least ~A Jy) - when the Yaclio cvaves bom dhe hans - mithng antenna Propagate atong She Susface oP the easth So as hb veach dhe Yecieving antenna the wave Propagatson > cettec/ Gpocend wave Propagaton. In the Requency vange FookHs fo 30MHg Amplitede Mocddabon of She Signet & emplo~ Yyed and accordingly this equrency Yange & dlevmed As amyptihecle meclutation band. IL atlerbatted fo Some extent hue bo Pwbel enesgy absorbboo by dhe Found .At some distant horn the transmilsrg antenna the wave lies dawn and cles Foy Tv and FM Signal fhe Frou! weue popagaton th not cred. ek cs becauwe of At nuabon of Suse cuewe Crevease — Tapiclly Cit Creveare of Frequrenuy. The Pound uawe Signal & Yacluceef Strength by absorb hon. Sky cuwe /peepagabon.- We mode of PPA gehen cy Wh¥ch the vacko wawues transiting hom the trarsmilbog aplenna — Feaeveo by the Tedeving anlenna Afley Peflechon by the lorspherve cx knows as Sky wave Psopagabonlonosphere Ria Transm ily ciever Thus each Of rraossbere layer cet. OS A Fefelectr Ky Vaetio Frequencies ée 2MHz fo 3o MH2z2- The EM wave of Freanency Asgbher than 30 MHz Penehale and escape Out: lonespbere cs Umélecd fo a 6S km #5 Farnge of #00 Km Above east Sis fire Space eave: /OVeRAGa Bon, PVA The mocle of Prepeageahon tn whith ato waves vacl-led bom thetrammitler Yeah the edever Shsoagh Space afser Frawetting cD sheight Ure & called space cave Psopagabon. The spe ave used Kr Line fr Sight dod communicabon the Regnery beyond 40 MH2 dhe Yadio waves cannok Psopagase slong the susface of carit because they gek absorbeel by the exh Plso hese tueves canot veflecfeol by the tonsphene as oo sky ctuave iPoapegalaas Thus the Communi cabion ky “these Signal cunves bekveen Frevenpilfer ey Weerevey ¢s Gmited fo line of Sight path Signal Propaaaton. i TYecieve transmit anlema. anlenca Earth ,maximum Los Uskecre between abnlenna & dm. &€ & abso Calsol Yange of Communicabon - Range and Height of antenna. a_i \ D A PpBe é R PB?= Bc? 4p & AB? ~ b> 40? __ gw A PBO OF. B24 082 CRD £2, pr, pr 2 R°+s apb — p24 D2 4 ga 2 RPh =p2 ae, D= fark —@e6Be te lite Communication The 2 moedes Of Communicakon Abouk cannot be used Re long clislame Communicabon PB Communicabor Satellite Coa space Craft Placed en an Orbit asouned the earth, ch Consist of tranamilfiog Qed Feeh- euieg — equipment catteol Yeotio tracspondey the fanamillecs Signal 3 &P linked and Teeeived by dhe Salelile Stalson The saletitea cuiu clownlink -lhe Signel curlb tbe Found stakon receiver) The opU2k and clawn Gok Fregnendes ase kept LAerent — Both these Bequences ase oD UHF / microwave. Vegion they car cross the lerosphere and reach the SatelwiseIn saleliite Cmmunicabon, She salethle ase Rept tr specie orbit. So thal they we Jeostatonasy » geestalsonasy Stationasy TFelabve fo tbe Cast It frag A circular orbs bk Lying Nahe. Analog modulator bas heen devided & fy three type + Pmplitade modula hon + Freynerey modutalron + Phase modulator,When a nrctutabrg cave & Sepperimpased on a high Foynercy Carrier wae a Manner that the Feqneny of modulation cue & Same a3 that oP carnar wave- but ts amplhhde 2 & Modified ¢0 accordanre ailh that of Signals this prmes co Called amplibade modulationlet dhe cnstantanecus Value of tbe voltage of the canrier waves and the modu abog Signat be Veprasentea by cH) =A Sin Wet mt) = AM Sin wmt The angular frequrencies of the carien caves and the Moecutahiag Signals are One a ee Wn = 29 f,, Re and Ap, ase Anpthade GP carssier cuawe ard massage SigOal: we ad Wy are the angular Freaventy of casstey wave Und message Signal The equenuy of camier waves ¢3 sully mach grater ‘than the frequency of dhe tmocutaba: gq SgnakThe coslantaneous voltage oP the moclulated Signal & given by Cmtt) =(ac + Amsiomt) sinwet lm 6b) Re (1+ 2 Sout) Sintart Re (modulated Colure) mm mit) = Be (14+ 4 Siow t) Sinut i) = Pe Sinwel + Be Sinulet Sin Glnt S10 A SinB = 1h Cos CA-8) ~ 4 cos Ga+9) B2Pdwet B > wat. (met) = Ae Siowet + Inge [1h (05 lurcb- wnt) =M Ya cos luet rom) (meb) = Pe Sinwet + PERE: poe Catt= tint) = 2 ‘Mes cos Cucl + cw me)(MCO = Ac Sin act + UAC cos Cur -wm) t - 2 9 MAE (os (ere + amy! 2 w éo Fadians —> The modulation ndus defermines the shenglh And qvatity of the transmitted signals 1f the Mecutaton endure & Smau the amount of Vatiahon medalaley | > ampifer —— Mensage signal. i -Diduetion of amplinde modulated wave The moculatect Signals ase fransmilledt fromm beroadcashag Slakon. these Signals ase laters On recieved by the wedever> But the transmésHed Signals get atlenaated while Peasing Thsowgh dhe channel So ome dhe Signal cs Jeseveel al the Tecliving antenna, t és parsed Shiovngh an ampiber. then the causier Frequency &s changect to lower Requenuy sing an enkame - hate Beqvency Hage and ck cs fed oto the direchoy. The cleclucfed Signal ts agen ampliBed Reatving ‘ ye antenna Pp ber — IF shage Detechy Arptiber Leni Reaieved + ( SgpatThe proces of reavering the maclulating Signal Bom the Modulated camier wave & called detechon. dhe Ouginal memage Signal oP angular fequeny Wm & Yeoverad the desbsctor The Am weve was veprasented by 7 Bguse & passed Msorgh the vecciver the Fech fed Oulput cs ‘vecevecl + the envetep of this Output ives the message Signal fhis & passed Teoh an envetope debecyr and adpudt the Oiginal Mersagea 03 detkced.Question Discussion - Gueshon 1 The amplitocle moculalecl cave V cs given by V= 190 [140-8 sin 298608) sin Co n1B) v= 2 [144 Sincmt] Sinwl Calalate D mo cdulahion crdens > 0-6 ) 5) medulating Reg .neoey fn 2 cassiey feg, wenuy 6) Wm = 3260Aueshon Q. Three waves B® Bandc of Bequen ces 1600 kH2 5 © MHz Gnd Go MHz vespectively ase bb be tansmillet hom ene place ho anefher. ahich of the Bewwing & the most appropelale mode of Communication - Dp 6 Frans roiled Thsough Spare wae while Band ¢ tansmibled Vig Sky wave VI +A transi fleel Via GFsourd wave B Via sky wane and ¢ Via Space quave 2 8 aa ¢ fans mitfed vie Fourd waue wk pn Via sky wave. > Bs hansmilled Via Preund wave while g “ot case hansmilled vig Space wave. FY YeQueshon 3- The device which & a Gmbinakion of reciver and tansmiller cs Repeater Queshon 4. aahich of the fue wing & an example of Point fo Point Communicahen - D yaelio & delevision WJ telephone dD Al of these Quashoo F chsh of she Busing rade usec! > the line oP sighb Gmmuniaten as wey as Sate IWiJe Comnunicalsor, .qa Ypound wang 6) sky wane w Space cuone OD All of he above. Queston 6. The wanes thot ase bend dawn by the ‘oneesphere are )) Pound cua e wy Sky Guan e 9 susp eemenene D space wae.