Current Affairs Notes For UPSC CSE - Current Affairs One Liner Notes

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Note :
1. We are providing authentic
sources of each questions.
2. Detail Solutions for each
questions.
3. Source – The Hindu, Indian
Express, Down to Earth etc.
See Below Sample

of July 2023
Click on The Hindu
to check the Sources Current Affairs
of each questions One Liner Notes
(Source: The Hindu, 07/01/2023)
Question: What is the United Nations
Question: What are Dark Patterns? Convention on the Law of the Sea
Answer: (UNCLOS)?
Dark patterns are deceptive or manipulative Answer:
user interface designs or techniques The UNCLOS, often known as the Law of
employed by websites, apps, or other the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea
digital platforms to trick or mislead users Treaty, is the international agreement that
into taking actions they might not have arose from the third United Nations
intended or desired. Conference on the Law of the Sea. It
establishes states' rights and obligations in
Question: What is the Advertising
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relation to their use of the world's oceans,
Standards Council of India (ASCI)? creating principles for enterprises, the
Answer:
environment, and the management of
The Advertising Standards Council of India marine natural resources.
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(ASCI) is a voluntary self-regulatory
organization of the advertising industry in
India. It was established in 1985. ASCI is
registered as a non-profit company under
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(Source: Indian Express, 07/01/2023)
Question: What is nano urea?

section 25 of the Company Act
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Answer:
Question: What is Bait and Switch? It refers to urea in the form of a
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Answer: nanoparticle. It is in liquid form and aims to

Bait and Switch involves advertising a provide nitrogen to plants as an alternative
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particular product or service but delivering to conventional urea. It aims to reduce the
something different, often of lower quality, indiscriminate use of conventional urea by
deceiving consumers who were attracted by at least 50%, increase crop productivity,
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the initial offer. and reduce soil, water, and air pollution.
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Question: What is the nutrient-based

(Source: The Hindu, 07/01/2023) subsidy scheme?
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Answer:
Question: What is ASEAN?
The NBS scheme aims to provide fertilizers
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Answer: to farmers at subsidized rates based on the

Association of Southeast Asian Nations nutrients (N, P, K & S) contained in these
(ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental
fertilizers. Fertilizers fortified with
organization of ten Southeast Asian secondary and micronutrients are given an
countries. It was founded in 1967 with the additional subsidy. It aims to increase the
signing of the Bangkok Declaration.
consumption of P&K fertilizers so that the
optimum balance of NPK fertilization is
Question: What is the South China Sea?
achieved.
Answer:
The South China Sea is one of the world's
busiest waterways, serving as a crucial (Source: Down To Earth, 06/30/2023)
commercial and maritime transportation
route. The South China Sea dispute involves Question: What are critical minerals?
maritime and island claims between the Answer: There is no global definition of
region's sovereign governments. critical minerals, but they are generally
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mineral deposits with high economic Scheme and Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
vulnerability and high global supply chain The Department of Fisheries is the
risk. They include those used in clean implementing agency.
technologies initiatives, information and
communication technologies, and advanced
(Source: Indian Express 07/01/2023)
manufacturing inputs and materials such as
defense applications, permanent magnets, Question: What is Artificial Sweetener?
ceramics, etc. Examples include copper, Answer:
lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth Artificial sweeteners are sugar
elements. replacements that are used to sweeten
foods and beverages without adding a lot of
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Question: What is the PMI? calories or carbs. They are compounds that
Answer: are synthesised to mimic the taste of sugar,
The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is a making them an appealing choice for those
survey-based measure that asks the who wish to limit their sugar intake,
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respondents about changes in their manage their weight, or regulate their blood
perception of key business variables as ap
sugar levels.
compared with the previous month. It is
calculated separately for the manufacturing Question: What is the World Health
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and services sectors and then a composite Organization?
index is also constructed. It is a score Answer:
between 0 and 100, with scores above 50
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The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a

indicating expansion and those below 50 United Nations (UN) specialised
representing contraction.
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organisation in charge of organising and

directing international health operations. It
was founded on April 7, 1948, and is based
(Source: Down To Earth, 06/30/2023)
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in Geneva, Switzerland. The fundamental

Question: What is New Space India Ltd? goal of the WHO is to promote and defend
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Answer: global health by providing leadership on

New Space India Ltd. (NSIL) is a central international public health issues and
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PSU that acts as the commercial arm of creating health-related norms and
ISRO. It is responsible for enabling Indian standards.
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industries to take up high-technology

space-related activities and the promotion
and commercialization of products from the
Indian Space Programme. Question: What is External Debt?
Answer:
Question: What is the Pradhan Mantri External debt is defined as part of a
Matsya Sampada Yojana? country’s debt that is borrowed from
Answer: various foreign lenders such as commercial
The PMMSY is an umbrella scheme of the banks, governments, or international
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, financial institutions.
and Dairying which aims to bring about the
Blue Revolution through sustainable and Question: What is Public Debt?
responsible development of the fisheries Answer:
sector. It has a separate Central Sector

Public Debt is the total amount that
includes external debt, internal debt and Question: What is India-China Border
also total liabilities, borrowed by the Roads (ICBR) plan?
government to meet its development Answer:
expenses. The ICBR project envisages developing
It is to be paid from the Consolidated Fund infrastructure along the China-Indian border
of India. It can also refer to the overall by constructing strategic roads, including
liabilities of central and state governments. bridges and tunnels, and it’s largely in
This is provided under Article 292 of the response to infrastructure development by
Indian Constitution. the Chinese on the other side of the border.
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(Source: The Hindu, 07/03/23) (Source: The Hindu, 07/03/23)
Question: What is Border Roads

Organisation (BRO)? Question: What is Section 69A of the
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Answer: Information Technology Act, 2000?
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is a Answer:
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road construction executive force in India It empowers the state to issue blocking
that provides support to Indian Armed orders in cases of emergency on the
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Forces. BRO develops and maintains road grounds such as “sovereignty and integrity
networks in India's border areas and of India, defence of India, security of the
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friendly neighboring countries. This includes State, friendly relations with foreign States,
infrastructure operations in 19 states and public order or for preventing incitement to
the commission of any cognizable offence
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three union territories (including Andaman

and Nicobar Islands) and neighboring relating to the above”.
countries such as Afghanistan, Bhutan, The Information Technology (Procedure and
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Myanmar, Tajikistan and Sri Lanka. Safeguards for Blocking for Access of
Information by Public) Rules, 2009
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Question: What are Karakoram (Blocking Rules) lays down the procedure
Mountains? for any blocking order issued under Section
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Answer: 69A.
The Karakoram Mountains form the western
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side of the Himalaya Mountain Range. This Question: What is freedom of speech?
range extends from the Pakistan- Answer:
Afghanistan region into Tibet. Formation of Freedom of speech and expression is
this great mountain chain began when India defined as the ability to think and talk
drifted away from Gondwanaland (a land freely, as well as to obtain knowledge
mass that consisted of all the southern through publications and public discussion,
continents of Pangea) and moved without fear of government restrictions or
northwards colliding into Asia (as seen in repression.
The Break up of Pangea Diagram and
Animation to the right), giving rise to the Question: Which article restricts freedom
tallest mountains in the world (Windley of speech and expression?
1988). This collision was caused by plate Answer:
subduction.

The right to free speech is not absolute. The
right to freedom of speech and expression Question: What is LIGO?
is restricted under Article 19(2). Answer:
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-
Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a large-scale
(Source: Indian Express, 07/03/23) physics experiment and observatory
designed to detect cosmic gravitational
Question: What is the use of Lithium? waves and develop gravitational-wave
Answer: Lithium is primarily used in the observations as an astronomy instrument.
production of rechargeable batteries,
particularly those used in electric vehicles, Question: What is an Astrophysical
Journal?
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portable electronic devices, and power
tools. Lithium-ion batteries have a high Answer:
energy density, making them a popular The Astrophysical Journal is an open access
choice for use in devices where weight and journal devoted to recent developments,
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size are important factors. discoveries, and theories in astronomy and
astrophysics. Publications in it constitute
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Question: What are Lithium reserves in significant new research that is directly
India? relevant to astrophysical applications,
whether based on observational results or
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Answer: India's first lithium reserves were
discovered in Jammu and Kashmir,followed on theoretical insights or modeling.
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by Degana in Rajasthan's Nagaur district by

the Geological Survey of India (GSI). (Source: Down to Earth, 07/03/2023)
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Question: What is Lithium Triangle? Question: What is a Kharif Crop?

Answer: India could learn from the Answer:
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experiences of South American countries, The Kharif crops are often called monsoon
particularly the 'lithium triangle' of Bolivia, crops because they are usually sown in the
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Chile, and Argentina, which contains months of June-October. The monsoon

roughly half of the world's known Li. In months are regarded as ideal for seeding
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Bolivia and Chile, Li extraction is either since the crops need a warm, humid
controlled by the state or requires mining temperature for germination.
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companies to enter into a contract with

state-owned companies. Question: What is El Nino and La Nina?
Answer:
El Nino, or the warming of the Pacific Ocean
near South America, is commonly related
Question: What are Gravitational Waves? with weakened monsoon winds and dry
Answer: weather in India. La Nina is the opposite of
Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in space- El Nino and it typically brings good rainfall
time caused by some of the most violent during monsoon.
and energetic processes in the Universe.
Albert Einstein predicted the existence of Question: What are the major Kharif
gravitational waves in 1916 in his general Crops?
theory of relativity. Answer:

Major crops planted during this season are connecting China to the rest of the globe. It
paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), aims at infrastructure development and
moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and economic integration of countries along the
soya bean. route of the historic Silk Road.
(Source: The Hindu, 07/02/2023) (Source: Down To Earth, 06/30/2023)
Question: What is genome sequencing? Question: What is agroforestry?

Answer: Answer:
Genome sequencing is a technique that Agroforestry is a type of land management
reads and interprets genetic information where trees or shrubs are planted around or
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found within DNA or RNA to decipher the amid crops or pastureland. It can be more
order of base pairs and decode the genetic beneficial than traditional agriculture and
fingerprint of a human. It is useful for forest production practices as it may
disease screening and public health provide enhanced productivity, socio-
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management. economic, and environmental advantages.
Question: What are genetic diseases?

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Question: What is pollination?
Answer: Answer:
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Genetic disorders are diseases caused by Pollination is a method where pollen grains
alterations or abnormalities in the genome are transferred from an anther to the stigma
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of an organism. A mutation in a single gene of that plant or another. The various ways in
or multiple genes or changes in the number which pollination takes place include self-
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or structure of chromosomes can lead to a pollination, wind pollination, water

genetic disorder. While some genetic pollination, and animal pollinators.
disorders are present by birth, others occur
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due to mutations in a particular gene.

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Question: What is Cryptocurrency?

Answer:
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Question: What are sanctions? Cryptocurrency or crypto-currency or crypto

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Answer: means online money created using digits or

Sanctions are coercive measures that can be digital encryptions.A cryptocurrency is an
applied to diplomatic, economic, and internet-based medium of exchange that is
cultural relations between states. They are distributed across many computers.
usually non-military in nature and are
imposed unilaterally or collectively by a Question: What is Central Bank Digital
plurilateral organization such as the UN. Currency (CBDC)?
Answer:
Question: What is the Belt and Road CBDC is the digital form of fiat currency
Initiative? that may be exchanged through blockchain-
Answer: based wallets and is regulated by the
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an central bank. It is a digital form of legal
initiative of the Chinese government that tender issued by the central bank.
aims to build economic routes (including the
Old Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road) Question: What is Bitcoin?

Answer: exploitation. It provides protection to all
Bitcoin is an electronic or digital currency children under the age of 18 years from the
that operates on a peer-to-peer basis. It is offences of sexual assault, sexual
decentralized, with no centralized authority harassment and pornography. The Act
in charge. Bitcoins can be digitally sent to provides for stringent punishments which
anyone with a bitcoin address anywhere in have been graded as per the gravity of the
the world. One person may have multiple offence.
addresses for various purposes such as
personal, business, etc. Question: What is NCRB?
Answer:
Question: What is the IMF? National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
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Answer: was set-up in 1986 to function as a
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an repository of information on crime and
organization of 190-countries, dedicated to criminals so as to assist the investigators in
global monetary cooperation, financial linking crime to the perpetrators based on
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stability, international trade facilitation, high the recommendations of the Tandon
employment and long-term economic Committee, National Police Commission
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growth, and poverty reduction. (1977-1981) and the MHA’s Task force
(1985).
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(Source: Down to Earth, 07/04/23)
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Question: What is Nirbhaya fund?

Answer: Question: What are Rare earth elements
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Following the tragedy of December 2012, (REE)?

the Government has set up a dedicated Answer:
fund – Nirbhaya Fund – which can be Rare earth elements (REE) are a set of
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utilized for projects specifically designed to seventeen metallic elements. These include
improve the safety and security of women. the fifteen lanthanides on the periodic table
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It is a non-lapsable corpus fund, being plus scandium and yttrium. Rare earth
administered by the Department of elements are an essential part of many
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Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. As high-tech devices.

per the guidelines issued by Ministry of
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Finance dt 25.03.2015, the Ministry of Question: What are critical minerals?

Women and Child Development (MWCD) is Answer:
the nodal Ministry to appraise/recommend A critical mineral is a metallic or non-
proposals and schemes to be funded under metallic element that has two
Nirbhaya Fund characteristics:
Question: What is the Protection of • It is essential for the functioning of

Children from Sexual Offences Act our modern technologies,
(POCSO)? economies or national security and
Answer: • There is a risk that its supply chains
The Protection of Children from Sexual could be disrupted.
Offences Act (POCSO), 2012 strengthens • Critical minerals are used to
the legal provisions for the protection of manufacture advanced technologies
children from sexual abuse and including mobile phones,

computers, fibre-optic cables, semi- train’s braking system automatically if the
conductors, banknotes, and defence, driver fails to control the train as per speed
aerospace and medical applications. restrictions.
• Many are used in low-emission
technologies such as electric Question: What is the headquarters of the
vehicles, wind turbines, solar Southern Eastern Railway Zone?
panels, and rechargeable batteries. Answer:
Some are also crucial for common Kolkata is headquarter of South Eastern
products such as stainless steel and Railway
electronics.
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Question: What is Minerals Security Question: What is the Paris Agreement?
partnership? Answer:
Answer: It is a multinational agreement that was
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India has recently been inducted into the signed as part of the UNFCCC with the
Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), a US- intention of reducing and mitigating
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led collaboration of 14 countries that aims greenhouse gas emissions. 196 nations
to catalyse public and private investment in ratified the climate change agreement at
critical mineral supply chains globally.
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the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) in
Paris in December 2015. It is an
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(Source: The Hindu, 07/04/23) international agreement that is binding on

all parties involved.
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Question: What is the National Disaster

Response Force (NDRF)? Question: When will COP28 take place?
Answer: Answer:
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National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) COP28 will take place in Dubai, United
was constituted under Section 44 of the Arab Emirates, from the 30th November to
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Disaster Management Act, 2005 for a the 12th December, 2023.

specialized response to natural and man-
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made disasters. At present, NDRF Question: What is Global Stocktake?

comprises 12 battalions, with each Answer:
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battalion consisting 1149 personnel. The Global Stocktake or GST, which was
established under the 2015 Paris
Question: What is KAVACH? Agreement, serves as a comprehensive
Answer: evaluation of the efforts made to combat
The KAVACH is an indigenously developed climate change. It aims to identify areas for
Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system by improvement and determine strategies to
the Research Design and Standards enhance global action, thereby bridging the
Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with gap in effectiveness.
the Indian industry. It is a state-of-the-art
electronic system with Safety Integrity
Level-4 (SIL-4) standards. It is meant to
provide protection by preventing trains to Question: What is potable water?
pass the signal at Red (which marks Answer:
danger) and avoid collision. It activates the

Potable water refers to water that is manufacturing expenses, such as raw
suitable for human consumption. It should materials and wages, rise.
generally be colorless, odorless,
transparent, and free from impurities such Question: What are the types of Inflation?
as suspended solids and harmful Answer:
microorganisms. It contains some minerals Demand Pull Inflation: Demand pull
and salts, which are necessary for the body. inflation occurs when aggregate demand in
the economy exceeds aggregate
Question: What is the Har Ghar Jal supply. Cost Push Inflation: It occurs when
Initiative? the aggregate supply of goods and services
Answer: decreases, resulting in an increase in
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The "Har Ghar Jal" scheme, introduced by production costs.
the Ministry of Jal Shakti as part of the Jal
Jeevan Mission in 2019, aimed to ensure
that every rural household in India has
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access to tap water by 2024. Question: What is refining?
Answer:
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Question: What is the Jal Jeevan Mission? Refining is the process of transforming
Answer: petroleum or crude oil into useful products
The Jal Jeevan Mission is a scheme of the
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such as petrol, diesel fuel, asphalt base,
Government of India that aims to supply fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied
safe and adequate piped water to every
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petroleum gas, and petroleum naphtha. It is

household by 2024. It was launched in usually performed at an industrial facility
2019 under the goal of Har Ghar Jal and
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composed of chemical engineering facilities.

envisaged supplying 55 liters of water per
person per day to every rural household Question: What is currency convertibility?
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through Functional Household Tap Answer:

Connections (FHTC). Currency convertibility refers to the ease
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with which a country's currency can be

converted into foreign currency or gold. The
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exchange rate is determined by the market

Question: What is Greedflation? forces of demand and supply. The Indian
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Answer: rupee is convertible on both capital and

Greedflation is a term used to describe price current accounts.
inflation driven by corporate greed and their
pursuit of higher profits. It reflects the
situation in which prices are going up not
because workers are getting higher wages Question: What is strategic autonomy?
but because the companies are making Answer:
more profit. Strategic autonomy refers to the ability of a
state to pursue its own national interest and
Question: What is Inflation? foreign policies without being constrained
Answer: by other states. It has to be formulated as
Inflation is the rate at which the price of per the security environment of that country
goods and services in a given economy to ensure that its sovereignty and territorial
rises. Inflation occurs when prices rise as integrity are preserved.

role in the host physiology such as its
Question: What is the Cold War? metabolism and immune systems etc.
Answer:
The Cold War was a period (1945-1991) of Question: What is One Health?
geopolitical tension between the Soviet Answer:
Union and its satellite states, and the One Health is an interdisciplinary approach
United States and its allies in the aftermath that recognizes the links between human,
of World War II. It was an ideological war animal, and plant health and the
and described as “cold" because there was environment. The ‘One Health’ approach
no large-scale fighting directly. derives its basis from the agreement
between the tripartite-plus alliance
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between the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
Question: What are Poly-Metallic the World Organisation for Animal Health
Nodules? (OIE), and the World Health Organization
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Answer: (WHO).
Poly-Metallic Nodules are rock concretions ap
formed of concentric layers of iron and
manganese hydroxides around a core which
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may be microscopically small. Also known Question: What is agroecology?
as manganese nodules, they are potato- Answer:
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shaped, largely porous nodules found Agroecology is an integrated approach that

abundantly across the sea floor. They simultaneously applies ecological and
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contain manganese, iron, nickel, copper, social principles to the design and
cobalt, and lead. management of food and agricultural
systems. It aims to optimize the interactions
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Question: What is the International between plants, animals, humans, and the
Seabed Authority? environment while considering the social
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Answer: aspects necessary for a sustainable and fair

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is food system.
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the United Nations body that regulates the

world’s ocean floor. It was established in Question: What are rabi crops?
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1982 by the UNCLOS and is an Answer:

autonomous intergovernmental body with Rabi crops are agricultural crops that are
167 members. sown in winter and harvested in the spring.
The term is derived from the Arabic word
meaning spring. It is the spring harvest and
is also known as the winter crop.
Question: What are microbiomes? (Source: Indian Express, 07/04/2023)

Answer: Question: What is systemic
A microbiome is a collection of all microbes discrimination?
present at any location including the soil, Answer:
plant, or the human body. They play a key Systemic discrimination is a form of
discrimination that is difficult to identify and

address, as it occurs as part of the normal matters related to the financial relationship
functioning of a system. It can be based on between the central government and the
race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, state governments.
etc, and is found in workplaces, educational
institutions, society, polity, and the justice
system.
Question: What is Anaemia?
Question: What is the principle of Answer:
proportionality? Anaemia is a condition in which the number
Answer: of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying
In administrative law, proportionality means capacity is insufficient to meet physiological
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that the administrative action should not be needs, which vary depending on age, sex,
more drastic than required for obtaining the altitude, smoking status, and pregnancy
desired result. It tries to balance the means status.
with the ends.
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Question: What is postpartum
(Source: The Hindu, 07/05/2023) haemorrhage?
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Answer:
Question: What is Fiscal Deficit? Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a
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Answer: significant and potentially life-threatening
Fiscal Deficit is the difference between total complication that can occur after childbirth.
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revenue and total expenditure of the It refers to excessive bleeding from the birth
government. The fiscal balance of a country canal (vagina), uterus, or other parts of the
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is calculated by its government’s revenue reproductive system within the first 24

followed by its expenditure in the provided hours after delivery.
financial year, the situation where the
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government expenses increase more than Question: What is Anaemia Mukt Bharat
the revenue in a year is a fiscal deficit. (AMB)?
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Answer:
Question: What is a fiscal consolidation It is a program launched in 2018 as part of
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policy? the Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative

Answer: (NIPI) Program. Its aim is to accelerate the
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It is the policy where the government keeps decline of anaemia by increasing the annual
its receipts aligned with its expenditure and rate of decline from one to three percentage
keeps the overall deficit in control. It points.
focuses on the importance of fiscal
consolidation through past experiences in
the country.
Question: What is Leptospirosis?
Question: What is the 15th Finance Answer:
Commission? Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that
Answer: affects humans and animals. It is caused by
The 15th Finance Commission in India, led bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In humans,
by Mr. N. K. Singh, is a constitutional body it can cause a wide range of symptoms,
appointed by the President of India. Its main some of which may be mistaken for other
purpose is to provide recommendations on

diseases. Some infected persons, however,
may have no symptoms at all. Question: What are One Stop Centres
(OSCs)?
Question: What are the carriers of Answer:
leptospirosis? One Stop Centres (OSCs) are intended to
Answer: support women affected by violence, in
The carriers of the disease can be either private and public spaces, within the family,
wild or domestic animals, including rodents, community and at the workplace. Women
cattle, pigs, and dogs. facing physical, sexual, emotional,
psychological and economic abuse,
Question: What is zoonotic disease? irrespective of age, class, caste, education
Answer:
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status, marital status, race and culture will
A zoonosis (zoonotic disease or zoonoses - be facilitated with support and redressal.
plural) is an infectious disease that is Aggrieved women facing any kind of
transmitted between species from animals violence due to attempted sexual
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to humans (or from humans to animals). harassment, sexual assault, domestic
violence, trafficking, honour related crimes,
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acid attacks or witch-hunting who have
reached out or been referred to the OSC
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Question: What is Mission Vatsalaya? will be provided with specialized services
Answer:
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Mission Vatsalya is a roadmap to achieve

development and child protection priorities
aligned with the Sustainable Development
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Question: What is an antibiotic?

Goals (SDGs).It lays emphasis on child Answer:
rights, advocacy and awareness along with Antibiotics are medicines that fight
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strengthening of the juvenile justice care infections caused by bacteria in humans and
and protection system with the motto to animals by either killing the bacteria or
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‘leave no child behind'. The Juvenile Justice making it difficult for the bacteria to grow
(Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 and multiply.
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provisions and the Protection of Children

from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 form the Question: What is Gram-negative
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basic framework for implementation of the bacteria?

Mission. Answer:
Gram-negative bacteria cause infections
Question: What is Nirbhaya Fund? including pneumonia, bloodstream
Answer: infections, wound or surgical site infections,
Following the tragedy of December 2012, and meningitis in healthcare settings.
the Government has set up a dedicated Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to
fund – Nirbhaya Fund – which can be multiple drugs and are increasingly
utilized for projects specifically designed to resistant to most available antibiotics.
improve the safety and security of women. These bacteria have built-in abilities to find
It is a non-lapsable corpus fund, being new ways to be resistant and can pass
administered by Department of Economic along genetic materials that allow other
Affairs, Ministry of Finance bacteria to become drug-resistant as well.
Gram-negative infections include those

caused by Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Answer:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli., as Security, economic development,
well as many other less common bacteria. connectivity, unity, respect for sovereignty
and territorial integrity, and environmental
Question: What is Central Drugs Standard preservation are pillars of India's SCO
Control Organisation(CDSCO)? vision.
Answer:
The Central Drugs Standard Control
Organisation(CDSCO) under Directorate (Source: The Hindu, 07/06/23)
General of Health Services,Ministry of Question: What is internationalization of
Health & Family Welfare,Government of rupee?
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India is the National Regulatory Authority Answer:
(NRA) of India. Its headquarter is located The internationalization of the rupee is a
New Delhi The Drugs & Cosmetics process that involves increasing use of the
Act,1940 and Rules 1945 have entrusted local currency in cross-border transactions.
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various responsibilities to central & state
regulators for regulation of drugs & Question: What are Special Drawing
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cosmetics. It envisages uniform Rights?
implementation of the provisions of the Act Answer:
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& Rules made there under for ensuring the The SDR is an international reserve asset
safety, rights and well being of the patients created by the IMF to supplement the
by regulating the drugs and cosmetics.
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official reserves of its member countries.

The SDR is not a currency. It is a potential
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claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF

members. As such, SDRs can provide a
Question: What is Shanghai Cooperation country with liquidity.
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Organisation (SCO)?
Answer: Question: What are Masala Bonds?
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The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Answer:

(SCO), also referred to as the Shanghai Masala Bonds are rupee-denominated
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Pact, is a transcontinental political, bonds issued by Indian firms outside of

economic, and security alliance. It is an India. They are debt products that aid in the
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intergovernmental international permanent raising of funds in local currency from

organisation which was founded in the year international investors. These bonds can be
2001. issued by both the government and private
businesses.
Question: Who are the current members
of SCO?
(Source: The Hindu,07/06/2023 )
Answer:
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Question: What is the creative economy?
(SCO) now comprises China, India, Iran, Answer:
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, A creative economy comprises arts and
Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. crafts, audio and video arts, and design. It is
based on the use of creative imagination to
Question: What are India’s five pillars of increase an idea's value and is related to the
cooperation within SCO?

arts, cultural goods and services, toys and Water Reactors (LWRs) are fuelled by Low
games, and research and development. Enriched Uranium.
Question: What are ICT tools? Question: What are isotopes?

Answer: Answer:
ICT or Information and Communication The word Isotope has been derived from
Technology is a broader term that includes two Greek words isos and topos which
all communication devices, cell phones, means the same place. It is defined as
radio, television, and computer along with variants of a particular element where these
satellite systems. It is an umbrella term that variants will have the same number of
covers all the devices and equipment that protons but differ in the number of
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help to connect and to store data. neutrons.
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Question: What is migrant labor? Question: What is Shanghai Cooperation
Answer: Organisation (SCO)?
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Migrant workers are people who migrate Answer:
within their home country or outside for The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
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work. Migrant workers do not usually (SCO), also referred to as the Shanghai
intend to stay permanently in the country or Pact, is a Eurasian political, economic, and
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region of work. Around 37% of the security alliance. It is an intergovernmental

country’s population are migrants according international permanent organisation which
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to the Census (2011). was founded in the year 2001.
Question: What is capitalism? Question: When did India become a

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Answer: member of SCO?

Capitalism or free market economy is an Answer:
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economic system in which the majority of India's full membership in the Shanghai
the means of production are privately Cooperation Organization (SCO) in 2017,
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owned while production is guided and along with Pakistan, marked a crucial
income is distributed through the operation milestone in bolstering its geopolitical
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of the markets. It has been dominant in the standing.

Western world since the breakup of
feudalism. Question: Why has India opposed China’s
BRI?
Answer:
(Source: The Hindu, 07/05/2023 ) It was stated that India's stance against
Question: What are pressurized water China's Belt and Road Initiative,
reactors? emphasizing its negative implications for
Answer: India's official territorial claims over Gilgit-
It is a type of light water reactor that uses Baltistan and Pakistan Occupied Kashmir,
ordinary water as the moderator and as well as its impact on Indian influence in
coolant. It is the most common type of the South Asian region.
nuclear power reactor in the world and is
fuelled by Natural Uranium while Light (Source: The Hindu, 07/06/2023)

Question: What is the Digital Personal Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia,
Data Protection Bill, 2022? Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Answer:
The DPDP Bill, 2022, applies to all digital Question: Where is the Chabahar Port?
personal data processing. This would Answer:
include both personal data collected online Chabahar Port is a seaport in the Sistan-
and personal data collected offline but Baluchistan province of Iran, on the Gulf of
digitized for processing. Oman. Its geographic proximity to
Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and
Question: What is K.S. Puttaswamy vs. International North-South Transport
Union of India judgement? Corridor (INSTC) gives it the potential to
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Answer: develop into one of the most important
It declared that the right to privacy was a commercial hubs.
fundamental right as part of right to life and
liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution.
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Question: What is General Data Question: How judges of higher judiciary
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Protection Regulation (GDPR)? are appointed?
Answer: Answer:
The General Data Protection Regulation
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Judges of the higher judiciary are appointed
(GDPR) is a law within the European Union only through the collegium system, and the
(EU) and the European Economic Area
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government has a role only after names

(EEA) that governs data protection and have been decided by the collegium. Names
privacy. It is a substantial and
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that are recommended for appointment by a

comprehensive regulation with significant High Court collegium reaches the
implications for technology and the internet. government only after approval by the CJI
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and the Supreme Court collegium.

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Question: How many judges does the

Question: What is Shanghai Cooperation Supreme Court have? How is the number
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Organisation (SCO)? decided?

Answer: Answer:
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The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Currently, the Supreme Court has 34 judges
(SCO), also referred to as the Shanghai including the CJI. In 1950, when it was
Pact, is a transcontinental political, established, it had 8 judges including the
economic, and security alliance. It is an CJI. Parliament, which has the power to
intergovernmental international permanent increase the number of judges, has
organisation which was founded in the year gradually done so by amending the
2001. Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act —
from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960,
Question: Who are the current members 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986, 31 in 2009, and 34
of SCO? in 2019.
Answer:
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Question: What does puisne mean, and
(SCO) now comprises China, India, Iran, who are puisne judges?
Answer:

According to the dictionary, the word puisne Answer:
has French origins, which means “later Agrarian or farmer distress refers to the
born” or younger. It is pronounced /’pjuːni/, challenges faced by farmers and rural
like “puny”, the English word that means communities. They may be economic,
small or undersized. In India, there is a political, or social in nature and may be due
reference to a puisne judge only while to low crop yields, falling prices, high input
considering the order of seniority for costs, debt, and a lack of access to credit,
appointments, elevations to High Courts, markets, and infrastructure.
etc., but it does not have a bearing on the
exercise of a judge’s judicial power. Question: What is ICAR?
Answer:
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The Indian Council for Agricultural Research
(Source: The Hindu, Indian Express, was established in 1929 under the
07/06/23) Societies Registration Act, 1860. It is an
autonomous organization under the
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Question: What is Chandrayaan-3?
Department of Agricultural Research and
Answer:
Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture
ap
Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to
and Farmers Welfare. It is the apex body for
Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end
research and education in agriculture in
capability in safe landing and roving on the
m
India.
lunar surface.
m
Question: What are launch vehicles? (Source: The Hindu, 07/07/23)

Answer:
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Launchers or Launch Vehicles are used to Question: What is Radicalization?

carry spacecraft to space. India has three Answer:
active operational launch vehicles: Polar Radicalization is a process by which an
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Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), individual or a group gradually adopts

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle extreme positions or ideologies that are
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(GSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch opposed to the status quo and challenge
Vehicle Mk-III (LVM3). mainstream ideas.
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Question: What is Low-Earth orbit (often Question: What is the Khalistan

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known as LEO)? Movement?

Answer: Answer:
Low-Earth orbit (often known as LEO) The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist
encompasses Earth-centered orbits with an movement that seeks to establish a
altitude of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) or less. For sovereign state in modern-day Punjab in
the purposes of the Commercial Use Policy, order to provide Sikhs a homeland (both in
low-Earth orbit is considered the area in India and Pakistan).
Earth orbit near enough to Earth for
convenient transportation, communication, Question: What is the Indian Diaspora?
observation and resupply. Answer:
Indian Diaspora is a generic term used for
addressing people who have migrated from
(Source: Down To Earth, 07/07/2023) the territories that are currently within the
borders of the Republic of India. It
Question: What is farmer distress?

constitutes NRIs (Non-resident Indians) and • The minimum age to contest a
PIOs (Persons of Indian origins). The Indian Panchayat election is decided to be
Diaspora is estimated to be over 30 million. 21 years.
• Reservation of seats for SC-
ST(according to population) and
women(1/3rd)
Question: What is the OMSS? • The tenure of the Panchayats has
Answer: been fixed for five years.
The Open Market Sale Scheme or OMSS is • Establishment of State Finance
a scheme in which the Food Corporation of Commission after every five years to
India (FCI) sells surplus stocks of wheat and review the financial position of
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rice at pre-determined prices through e- Panchayats.
auction in the open market.
Question: What is the Smart PDS? Question: What is Article 40?
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Answer: Answer:
SMART-PDS or the Scheme for Article 40 of the Constitution which
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Modernization and Reforms through enshrines one of the Directive Principles of
Technology in Public Distribution System is State Policy lays down that the State shall
take steps to organise village panchayats
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a system where smart ration cards are
issued to beneficiaries and rations are and endow them with such powers and
authority as may be necessary to enable
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provided through fair price shops to any

member of the beneficiary family. It aims to them to function as units of self-
government
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prevent the leakage of food grains while

increasing the efficiency of the distribution
chain. Question: What is the 73rd Amendment
.e
Act?
Answer:
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(Source: The Hindu, 07/07/23) 73rd Amendment Act was passed in 1992,
and it took effect on April 24, 1993. The
Question: What are the compulsory
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primary goal of the Act was democratic

provisions of the 73rd Amendment Act?
decentralization of power and resources
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Answer:
from the centre to locally elected authorities
The compulsory provisions of the 73rd
in order to encourage public involvement in
Amendment Act are as follows:-
governance. This act added a new Part-IX
to the Indian Constitution, titled “The
• Organization of Gram Sabha in
Panchayats” and it contains provisions from
villages
Articles 243 to 243 O.
• Panchayat is an establishment at
three levels, i.e. Village,
Intermediate, and District level. (Source: The Hindu, 07/07/2023)
• Direct election to all the seats of the
Panchayats. Question: What is Section 144?
• Indirect election to the post of Answer:
Chairman at the intermediate and Section 144 of CrPC is used by magistrates
district level. of any state or UT in India to prohibit the
gathering of four or more people in a

specified area with the ultimate purpose of
maintaining peace and order. It is imposed
in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended
danger of some event. It also empowers the Question: What is the National Green
authorities to block internet access in the Tribunal (NGT)?
region. Answer:
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a
Question: What are VPNs? specialized organization established under
Answer: the NGT Act, 2010 to handle matters
VPN refers to a virtual private network and involving the protection and conservation of
can establish a secure and encrypted the environment, forests, and other natural
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connection over a less secure network, such resources.
as the Internet. A VPN uses a public
network, such as the Internet, to extend a Question: What is CAMPA?
private network. Answer:
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The Compensatory Afforestation Fund
(Source: Mint, 07/07/2023) Management and Planning Authority
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(CAMPA) Act seeks to mitigate the impact
Question: What is the United Nations? of forest land diversion for non-forest
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Answer: purposes by ensuring that funds are
The United Nations (UN) is an international released and utilised quickly, efficiently, and
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organization formed on October 24, 1945, transparently through a well-defined

with the goal of fostering worldwide peace, institutional mechanism. The CAMPA law
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security, and cooperation. Following World applies to all states, union territories, and
War II, it was intended to replace the failing the Centre.
League of Nations and avoid future world
.e
hostilities. Question: What is the Environment

(Protection) Act, 1986?
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Question: What is UNCTAD? Answer:

Answer: The Environment (Protection) Act was
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United Nations Conference on Trade and passed in 1986. It was passed with the
Development (UNCTAD) is a permanent primary goal of protecting and improving
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inter-governmental body that was the environment, as well as matters related

established by the United Nations General to it. The Act addresses all types of
Assembly in 1964. Its primary responsibility pollution, including air, water, soil, and
is to address development issues, with a noise. It establishes safe levels for the
specific focus on international trade. presence of different contaminants in the
environment. It forbids the use of
Question: What is Foreign Direct dangerous materials unless previous
Investment (FDI)? authorisation from the Central Government
Answer: is obtained.
A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a
financial investment made by a party from
one country into a business or corporation (Source: The Hindu, 07/07/2023)
in another country with the intention of Question: What is Biodiversity Beyond
establishing a long-term partnership. National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty?

Answer: supplements domestic investment.
It is proposed a legally binding international Domestic companies are benefited through
agreement on conservation and sustainable FDI by way of enhanced access to
use of marine biological diversity of areas supplementary capital and state-of-art-
beyond national jurisdiction currently under technologies, as also exposure to global
negotiation at the UN. It is also known as managerial practices resulting into
the “Treaty of the High Seas”. employment generation and accelerated
growth of the sectors.
Question: What is UNCLOS?
Answer: Question: What is World Investment
It is also called the Law of the Sea Report?
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Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty. It Answer:
defines the rights and responsibilities of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in
nations with respect to their use of the developing countries in Asia remained flat
world's oceans, establishing guidelines for at $662 billion during 2022, as compared to
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businesses, the environment, and the the previous year, despite clocking about
management of marine natural resources. half of global inflows, according to
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UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2023,
Question: What are marine protected
areas?
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Answer: (Source: Down To Earth, 07/09/2023)
MPAs are areas where ocean systems,
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Question: What is open defecation?

including biodiversity, are under stress Answer:
owing to human activities or climate
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Open defecation refers to the practice in

change. These are known as ocean national which people use fields, bushes, forests,
parks or wildlife reserves. waterbodies, and open spaces instead of
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the toilet to defecate. It is a major health

(Source: The Hindu, 07/07/23) threat and exposes women and children to
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violence, assault, and animal attacks.

Question: What is FDI? Health concerns associated with it reduce
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Answer: the money available to spend on education,

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is when a infrastructure, and development.
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company takes controlling ownership in a

business entity in another country. With Question: What is SDG-6?
FDI, foreign companies are directly involved Answer:
with day-to-day operations in the other Sustainable development goal 6 deals with
country. This means they aren’t just ensuring access to clean water and
bringing money with them, but also sanitation for all. It includes sub-goals such
knowledge, skills and technology. as affordable drinking water, zero open
defecation, water resource management,
Question: What is the significance of FDI? prevention of water pollution, and
Answer: international and community-level
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the engagement for water and sanitation
important drivers of economic growth and a management.
source of non-debt finance for the economic
development of India. FDI complements and

(Source: Down To Earth, 07/09/2023 ) The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the
sole international organization that deals
Question: What is human trafficking?
with international trade rules. It is
Answer: headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
Human trafficking or trafficking in persons is
a form of modern slavery. It involves the Question: What is the Appellate body of
illegal transport of individuals through force WTO?
or deception, Victims are used for labour, Answer:
sexual exploitation, or other activities that The appellate body is the second tier of the
benefit the exploiters financially. WTO’s DSS that hears appeals from WTO
panels. It is composed of seven Members
Question: What are disaster risk reduction
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who are appointed by the Dispute
policies? Settlement Body (DSB) to serve for four-
Answer:
year terms.
Disaster risk reduction is a systematic
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method to identify, assess and reduce risk Question: What is De-judicialisation?
related to disasters. It aims to prevent and Answer:
reduce both new and existing disaster risk
and manage residual risk in order to achieve
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It is the reverse phenomenon where
countries weaken international courts to
sustainable development. take back decision-making power.
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Question: What is Chandrayaan-3? Question: What is TRAI?
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Answer: Answer:
Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third moon The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
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mission. It aims to demonstrate its safe (TRAI) is a regulatory body set up by the
landing and roving capabilities on the lunar Government of India under section 3 of the
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surface. It consists of an indigenous lander Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act,

module (Vikram), and a rover (Pragyan). 1997.
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Question: What is a cryogenic engine? Question: What is OTT?

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Answer: Answer:
A cryogenic engine is based on the Over-the-top (OTT) refers to the
production and behavior of materials at distribution of various types of media
extremely low temperatures (sub-150 content, such as audio, video, and
degree centigrade). It is the last stage of communication services, directly to users
rockets and uses Liquid Oxygen and Liquid over the internet. This method bypasses the
Hydrogen as propellants to lift and place need for traditional distribution channels
objects in space. like cable or satellite TV providers.
Question: What are Telecom Service

Providers (TSPs)?
Question: What is the World Trade Answer:
Organisation (WTO)? A telecom service provider, also known as a
Answer: telecommunications service provider, is a

company or organization that offers which assesses the performance of school
communication services to individuals and education system at the State/UT level by
businesses. These services typically include creating an index for comprehensive
voice calls, data transmission, internet analysis
connectivity, and other related services.
Question: What are the highest and
lowest grades in PGI-D?
(Source: The Hindu, 07/10/2023) Answer:
Question: What is the Forest PGI-D grades the districts into ten grades
(Conservation) Act of 1980? viz., the Highest achievable Grade is Daksh,
Answer: which is for Districts scoring more than
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It is an act passed by the Indian Parliament 90% of the total points in that category or
which aims to protect and conserve forests overall followed by Utkarsh (81%-90%);
and their resources. This legislation was Ati-Uttam (71%-80%); Uttam (61%-70%);
introduced to address the issue of rampant Prachesta-1 (51%-60%); Prachesta-2
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deforestation in India. It was enforced on (41%-50%); Prachesta-3 (31%-40%);
October 25, 1980 and the act consists of Akanshi-1 (21% to 30%); and Akanshi-2
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five sections. (11% to 20%). The lowest grade in PGI-D is
called Akanshi-3 which is for scores
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Question: What is Forest Cover in India? upto10% of the total points.
Answer:
m
It refers to land greater than one hectare in (Source: The Hindu, Down to Earth,
size where the tree canopy density is
07/10/23)
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greater than 10%. India’s total forest cover

rose to 38,251 sq. km from 2001 to 2021. Question: What is the Fallow period in
Farming?
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Answer:
Fallow is a farming technique in which
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Question: What is UDISE+? arable land is left without sowing for one or
Answer: more vegetative cycles. The objective of
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Unified District Information System for fallowing is to allow the land to recover and
store organic matter while retaining
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Education Plus (UDISE+) is one of the

largest Management Information Systems moisture and disrupting pest life cycles and
initiated by Department of School Education soil borne pathogens by temporarily
and Literacy, Ministry of Education. removing their hosts.
The UDISE+ system collects information
from all recognised and unrecognised Question: What is wildfire?
schools imparting formal education from Answer:
pre-primary to Class XII. A wildfire is an unplanned fire that burns in
a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or
Question: What is Performance Grading prairie. Wildfires are often caused by
Index (PGI) for States and UTs ? human activity or a natural phenomenon
Answer: such as lightning, and they can happen at
Department of School Education & Literacy, any time or anywhere. In 50% of wildfires
Ministry of Education, devised Performance recorded, it is not known how they started.
Grading Index (PGI) for States and UTs

The Securities and Exchange Board of India
Question: What is Deforestation? was constituted as a non-statutory body on
Answer: April 12, 1988 through a resolution of the
The intentional clearance of forested areas Government of India and was established
is known as deforestation. Forests have as a statutory body in the year 1992 and
been razed throughout history and into the provisions of the Securities and
modern times to make room for agriculture Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of
and animal grazing, as well as to obtain 1992) came into force on January 30, 1992.
wood for fuel, manufacture, and The basic functions of the SEBI are to
construction. protect the interests of investors in
securities and to promote the development
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of, and regulate the securities market and
for matters connected therewith or
Question: What is the President's Rule? incidental thereto.
Answer:
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Article 356 of the Constitution empowers Question: What is FPI?
the central government to impose its direct Answer:
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rule over any state by suspending the state Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) is a
government. This is known as President’s common way to invest in overseas
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Rule or ‘State Emergency’. It is imposed if economies. It includes securities and
the President receives a report from the financial assets held by investors in another
country. Securities (in FPI) include stocks or
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Governor of the State or otherwise that a

situation has arisen in which the American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) of
companies in nations other than the
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government of the State cannot be carried

on in accordance with the provisions of the investor's nation. It also includes bonds or
Constitution. other debt issued by these companies or
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foreign governments, mutual funds, or

Question: What is the Sadr-e-Riyasat? exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in
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Answer: assets abroad or overseas.

The Constituent Assembly of J&K resolved
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that the head of state or Sadr-e-Riyasat Question: What is FATF?

would be elected by the Legislative Answer:
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Assembly for a five-year term and would be The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is
recognized by the President of India. Only a the global money laundering and terrorist
permanent resident of J&K could become financing watchdog. It sets international
Sadr-e-Riyasat and had to be recognized standards that aim to prevent these illegal
and then appointed by the President of activities and the harm they cause to
India after being elected by the Legislative society.
Assembly of the state.
Question: What is equality?
Question: What is the Securities and Answer:
Exchange Board of India? Equality is a principle that means that no
Answer: one is disadvantaged or discriminated
against in any way. All citizens of the

country are granted equal status and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans,
opportunity with all forms of inequality to giving it one of the largest discontiguous
be eliminated. exclusive economic zones in the world.
Question: What is a Hindu Unidivided Question: Which incident led to riots in

Family? France recently?
Answer: Answer:
A Hindu Undivided Family consists of all Recently, the fatal shooting of Nahel
persons who are lineally descended from a Merzouk led to nationwide demonstrations
common ancestor, including their wives and in France. This incident has brought to the
daughters. The concept of HUF comes fore the extent of racial polarisation in
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under the Hindu Succession Act and it France.
applies to all Hindu families. The concept
even applies to Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs, Question: Who is the President of France?
and to any person in India who is not Answer:
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Christian, Muslim,Parsi or Jew. The Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frederic Macron is a
members of Scheduled Tribes are French politician serving as the President of
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exempted from the law. France since 2017.
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Question: What is generative AI? Question: What is Global South?

Answer: Answer:
The Global South is commonly understood
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Generative AI is a branch of AI that focuses

on generating new content including to refer to less economically developed
images, audio, and text based on patterns countries. It is a broad term that
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and rules learned from data. It is based on encompasses a wide range of states with
the use of Artificial Intelligence and varying levels of economic, cultural, and
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Machine Learning algorithms. political influence in the international order.

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Question: Who are blue-collar workers? Question: What is Global North?

Answer: Answer:
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Blue-collar workers refer to members of the Global North is defined essentially by an

working class who perform manual labor economic division between the rich and
and earn an hourly wage. They generally poor countries. Global North’ refers loosely
work in the secondary sector in industries to countries like the US, Canada, Europe,
such as manufacturing, processing, and Russia, Australia and New Zealand.
infrastructure.
Question: What is the significance of
India's Role and G20 Presidency?
India, as a prominent member of the Global
Question: Where is France?
South, is actively working to unite nations
Answer:
within this region and facilitate an action-
France is a country located primarily in
oriented approach. As a leader in the G20,
Western Europe. It also includes overseas
India seeks to amplify the voices of the
regions and territories in the Americas and

Global South, bringing their concerns to the define the term 'refugee' and outline their
forefront of global discussions. rights and the international standards of
treatment for their protection. Refugees are
among the most vulnerable people in the
world.
Question: What are Noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs)?
Answer:
NCDs also known as chronic diseases, tend Question: What is an ordinance?
to be of long duration and are the result of a Answer:
combination of genetic, physiological, Ordinance Making Power of the President
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environmental and behaviours factors. and Governor is an executive power
mentioned in the Indian constitution. Article
Question: What are the types of NCDs? 123 of the Indian Constitution authorizes
Answer: the President to issue ordinances during
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The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular Parliament's break, while Article 213
diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), ap
empowers Governors to issue ordinances
cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such when the legislature is not in session. The
as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ordinance-making power of the President
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and asthma) and diabetes. and the Governor has been entrusted with
dealing with unforeseen or urgent
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Question: What is Palliative Care? situations.

Answer:
Palliative care is a specialty of medicine that
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Question: What is the National Capital

focuses on increasing the quality of life and Civil Service Authority?
preventing pain in those who have life- Answer:
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limiting diseases. It seeks to identify TheNational Capital Civil Service Authority

patients at risk of over-medicating at the will be chaired by the Delhi Chief Minister
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expense of quality of life and financial load and will include the Chief Secretary and the
on the family. Principal Secretary, Home, and “all matters
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required to be decided by the authority

shall be decided by a majority of votes of
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the members present and voting, which
Question: What is Migration? means two bureaucrats, appointed by the
Answer: Centre, could over-rule the elected CM.
Migration is the movement of persons away The NCCSA exercises authority over civil
from their place of usual residence, either service officers working in all Delhi
across an international border or within a government departments except those in
State, to a new residence. public order, police, and land.
Question: What is 1951 Refugee Question: What is Co-operative

Convention and its 1967 Protocol? federalism?
Answer: Answer:
The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Co-operative Federalism can be understood
Protocol are the key legal documents that as the collaboration between the central
form the basis of UNHCR's work. They and the state governments. It also means

that multiple states work together to fulfil
the states' and nation's goals of growth and Question: What is the Total Fertility Rate?
development. Answer:
The Total fertility rate or TFR is the average
number of children born to a woman in her
(Source: The Hindu, 07/11/2023) reproductive years (15-49 years). It is an
Question: What is the amicus curie? important factor in determining a country’s
Answer: population growth and demographic
Amicus curiae means “friend of the court” in stability of a country.
Latin. The amicus curie, who is not a party
to the case, assists the court by offering (Source: The Hindu, 07/12/2023)
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information, expertise, or insight related to
the issues in the case. It helps provide Question: What are FIRs?
impartial and objective information to the Answer:
court. Important cases invoving an amicus An FIR or First Information Report is a
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curie in India include Navtej Singh Johar v written document prepared by the police
Union of India, Vishaka v. State of when they receive information about the
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Rajasthan, and MC Mehta v. Union of India. commission of a cognizable offense.
It is generally a complaint lodged by the
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Question: What is the Central Vigilance victim or by someone on his/her behalf.
Commission? Even a telephonic message can be treated
m
Answer: as an FIR. Only after the FIR is registered

The Central Vigilance Commission is the does the police takes up investigation of the
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apex vigilance institution in the country. It case.

monitors all vigilance activity under the
Central Government and advises various Question: What is a primary?
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authorities in Central Government Answer:

organizations regarding the planning, Primary elections refer to a voting process
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execution, review and reform of vigilance in which voters can indicate their preference
work. It was established in 1964 following for their party's candidate, or a candidate in
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the recommendation of the Santhanam general, in an upcoming general election,

Committee report. local election, or by-election. This is
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considered to be a means of democratizing

the selection process of candidates for
(Source: The Hindu, 07/12/2023) election.
Question: What is the demographic
dividend? (Source: The Hindu, 07/12/2023)
Answer:
According to the United Nations Population Question: What is Monsoon?
Fund (UNFPA), the demographic dividend is Answer:
the potential for economic growth potential The term "monsoon" refers to the climate
as a result of the changes in population age associated with the seasonal reversal of
structure in the working-age group of 15 wind direction. The monsoons are a double
years to 64 years as compared to the non- system of seasonal winds that travel from
working age population of below 14 years the sea to the land in the summer and from
and above 65 years. the land to the sea in the winter.

1996 by Robert W Hoopes, a US breeder
Question: What are Western employed with Frito-Lay Agricultural
Disturbances? Research, a division of PepsiCo Inc.
Answer:
The Western Disturbance, classified as an Question: What is PepsiCo?
extratropical storm originating in the Answer:
Mediterranean, is a low-pressure region in PepsiCo, Inc. is an American global food,
northwest India that causes heavy rain, snack, and beverage conglomerate based in
snow, and fog. The disturbance moves from Purchase, New York. PepsiCo's operations
the "western" to the "eastern" direction. span the entire food and beverage industry.
It is in charge of product manufacture,
Question: What is El Nino?
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distribution, and marketing. The Pepsi-Cola
Answer: Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. merged to
El Nino is a weather phenomenon that establish PepsiCo in 1965.
describes the anomalous warming of
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surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific
Ocean. It happens more often than La Nina. (Source: The Hindu, 07/12/2023)
Question: What is a Cyclone?

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Question: What is Artificial Intelligence
(AI)?
Answer:
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Answer:
Cyclones are a type of low-pressure
Artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in
environment with rapid inward air
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importance in today's environment. The

circulation. In the Northern Hemisphere, air
stimulation of human intelligence onto
flows counterclockwise, while in the
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machines is referred to as artificial

Southern Hemisphere, it circulates
intelligence. It is the science and
clockwise. Storms and poor weather are
engineering of creating intelligent
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frequently associated with cyclones.

machines, particularly clever computer
programs.
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Question: What is ChatGPT?
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Question: What is the PPV&FR Act? Answer:

Answer: ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM).
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The Plant Protection and Farmers' Rights This is a type of (transformer-based) neural
Act (PPV&FR Act) is a legislation that aims network that is great at predicting the next
to protect and promote the development of word in a sequence of words. ChatGPT uses
different plant varieties. It provides a GPT4 – a model trained on a large amount
comprehensive framework to safeguard and of text on the internet.
acknowledge the rights of breeders,
researchers, and farmers, thereby fostering Question: Why is Giant AI more like an
agricultural progress in the country. atlas?
Answer:
Question: What is FL 2027? Large language models (LLM) are
Answer: unreasonably effective at providing
It is a potato variety with high dry matter intelligible responses and are like atlases
and low sugar content better suited for which see the whole world in snapshots.
making chips. FL 2027 was developed in

However, Giant AI like an atlas lacks multi- incorporated in India from specific State
dimensionality. Bank of India branches. The bonds are
similar to banknotes in that they are non-
interest bearing and receivable to the
bearer on demand. To incorporate electoral
Question: What is a cloudburst? bonds, the Reserve Bank of India Act of
Answer: 1934, the Representation of Peoples Act of
A cloudburst is a localized but intense 1951, the Income Tax Act of 1961, and the
rainfall activity. Short spells of very heavy Companies Act were all changed.
rainfall over a small geographical area can
cause widespread destruction, especially in Question: Who can receive electoral
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hilly regions where this phenomenon is the bonds?
most common. Answer:
Any party that has registered under Section
Question: What is Flooding? 29A of the Representation of the Peoples
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Answer: Act, 1951 and received at least 1% of the
Flooding is an overflowing of water onto votes cast in the most recent General or
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land that is normally dry. Floods can Assembly elections is eligible to acquire
happen during heavy rains, when ocean electoral bonds.
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waves come on shore, when snow melts
quickly, or when dams or levees break. (Source: The Hindu, 07/12/23)
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Question: What is Landslide? Question: What is Human Development?

Answer:
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Answer:
A landslide is defined as the movement of a Human development – or the human
mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. development approach – is about
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Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," expanding the richness of human life, rather
which denotes any down-slope movement than simply the richness of the economy in
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of soil and rock under the direct influence of which human beings live. It is an approach
gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses that is focused on people and their
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five modes of slope movement: falls, opportunities and choices.

topples, slides, spreads, and flows. These
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are further subdivided by the type of Question: Who is Multidimensional

geologic material (bedrock, debris, or earth). poverty?
Debris flows (commonly referred to as Answer:
mudflows or mudslides) and rock falls are According to the OPHI “Multidimensional
examples of common landslide types. poverty encompasses the various
deprivations experienced by poor people in
their daily lives – such as poor health, lack
of education, inadequate living standards,
Question: What are electoral bonds? disempowerment, poor quality of work, the
Answer: threat of violence, and living in areas that
Electoral bonds are a financial tool used to are environmentally hazardous, among
make contributions to political parties. It is a others.” Further, an individual who is
promissory note that may be obtained by deprived of one-third or more of the
any Indian individual or company weighted indicators is multidimensionally

poor. While any person deprived of one- Answer:
half or more of the weighted indicators ‘Nine-dash line’ is a dotted line that was
would fall into extreme multidimensional adopted from Chinese maps in the 1940s,
poverty. and represents Beijing’s claim over the sea
and all the land features that are contained
Question: What is the Global within the line.
Multidimensional Poverty Index (Global
MPI)?
Answer: (Source: The Hindu, 07/13/2023)
The global Multidimensional Poverty Index Question: What is colonialism?
(global MPI) is a poverty measure that Answer:
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reflects the multiple deprivations that poor Colonialism refers to a practice by which a
people face in the areas of education, country controls people or areas, often by
health, and living standards. The Global establishing colonies, generally for strategic
MPI reflects both the incidence of and economic advancement.
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multidimensional poverty and its intensity.
It can be used to create a comprehensive Question: Where is Kohinoor located
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picture of people living in poverty and currently?
allows for comparisons between countries, Answer:
m
regions, and the world, as well as within Kohinoor is now a part of the British
countries by ethnic group, urban/rural Monarch, Queen Elizabeth. It is presently on
location, and other characteristics of
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exhibit in the Jewel House in the Tower of

households and communities. London. After the British takeover of Punjab
xa
in 1849, the Kohinoor Diamond was given

to Queen Victoria.
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Question: What is the Permanent Court of Question: What is the Komagata Maru
Arbitration? incident?
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Answer: Answer:
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) The Komagata Maru incident featured the
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settles issues involving territorial and Japanese steamer Komagata Maru, aboard
maritime conflicts, sovereignty, human which a group of individuals from British
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rights, foreign investments, and regional India sought to come to Canada in April
trade, among other things, between 1914, but most were denied entry.
member nations, international
organizations, and private parties.
Question: What is ASEAN? Question: What are the modules of
Answer: Chandryaan-3?
ASEAN is an intergovernmental Answer:
organization of ten Southeast Asian
countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, • Chandrayaan-3’s lander has been
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, named Vikram in honor of Vikram
Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Sarabhai. It will complete a soft
landing on the moon and deploy the
Question: What is the Nine-dash Line? rover.

• The rover has been named Pragyan topic of general public interest. The three
and will carry out in-situ chemical main categories of motions are Substantive
analysis of the lunar surface. Motions, Substitute Motions, and Subsidiary
• The propulsion module of Motions.
Chandrayaan-3 is designed to carry
the lander and rover to a 100 km
orbit.
Question: What is the cost of living?
Answer:
Question: Why is the lander scheduled to The cost of living refers to the amount of
land at lunar dawn? money required to maintain basic
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Answer: The lander and rover are both built necessities such as food, housing, transport,
to last only one lunar day and are not etc. It is influenced by factors such as
capable of surviving the harsh drops in inflation, costs, and taxes and affects one's
temperature during the lunar nights. ability to spend and save. It is dynamic and
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Therefore it has to land at dawn for optimal changes from time to time.
performance. ap
Question: What is racism?
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Racism refers to discrimination exhibited by
Question: What is ethnonationalism? a large group of people against people from
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Answer: different races or ethnicity. It was mainly

Ethno-nationalism is based upon ethnic due to the differences in their physical
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identity. It is a vertical division of appearances. A good example of racism

nationalism and excludes all those who do was the apartheid in South Africa which
not belong to the same ethnic group. It is discriminated between white and dark-
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therefore a form of nationalism that skinned people.

involves one exclusive ethnic group.
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Question: What is the AFSPA? (Source: The Hindu, 07/13/2023)

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Answer: Question: What is Inflation?

The Armed Forces Special Powers Act
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Answer:
(AFSPA) is a reincarnation of a British-era Inflation is defined as the general rise in the
law that gives unfettered powers to the average price of a basket of goods and
armed forces and the Central armed police services over a period of time. A basket of
forces deployed in disturbed areas. It goods and services is used to calculate
permits them to kill anyone acting in inflation by tracking the average price
contravention of law, arrest and search any change over time.
premises without a warrant, and protection
from prosecution and legal suits. Question: What is the Consumer Price
Index, and how does it work?
Question: What are parliamentary Answer:
motions? The Consumer Price Index, or CPI, is in
Answer: charge of measuring changes in the retail
Motions are procedural devices that allow prices of necessary and everyday products
the legislative body to discuss and debate a

and services consumed by families across The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
the country. was established in 1969 with its
headquarters in Jeddah, the OIC aims to
represent the Muslim world in order to
protect and safeguard the vital interests of
Question: What is NAFED? Muslims in the spirit of promoting
Answer: international peace, security, and harmony
NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative as well as inter-faith dialogue among
Marketing Federation) is an organisation of various people of the world.
agricultural produce marketing
cooperatives. The Multi State Cooperative Question: What is freedom of speech and
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Societies Act established it on October 2, expression in India?
1958. It was established with the goal of Answer:
promoting farmer-beneficial cooperative Freedom of speech and expression is
marketing of agricultural products. defined as the ability to think and talk
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freely, as well as to obtain knowledge
Question: What is National Cooperative through publications and public discussion,
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Consumers Federation (NCCF)? without fear of government restrictions or
Answer: repression. Article 19(1)(a) states that all
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NCCF was established on 16 th October, citizens have the right to freedom of speech
1965 to function as the apex body of and expression.
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consumer cooperatives in the country. It is

registered under the Multi-State Co- (Source: The Hindu, 07/13/23)
xa
operative Societies Act, 2002.

Question: What is Stand-by Arrangement
Question: What are rabi crops? (SBA)?
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Answer: Answer:
Rabi crops are also known as winter crops. The Stand-by Arrangement (SBA) provides
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These are the crops planted at the start of short-term financial assistance to countries
the winter season. The primary distinction is facing balance of payments problems.
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that Rabi crops are grown during the winter Historically, it has been the IMF lending
season, whereas Kharif crops are grown instrument most used by advanced and
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during the monsoon season. emerging market countries.
Question: What is Stand-by Credit

Facility?
Question: What is Human Rights? Answer:
Answer: The Stand-by Credit Facility (SCF) provides
Human rights are rights inherent to all financial assistance to low-income countries
human beings, regardless of race, sex, (LICs) with short-term balance of payments
nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or needs. The SCF is one of the facilities under
any other status. the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust
(PRGT).
Question: What is the Organisation of
Islamic Cooperation? Question: What is SDR?
Answer: Answer:

The SDR is an international reserve asset. Bastille Day, celebrated on July 14th is
The SDR is not a currency, but its value is considered to be the National Day of
based on a basket of five currencies—the France. It marks the anniversary of the
US dollar, the euro, the Chinese renminbi, storming of the Bastille prison in 1789,
the Japanese yen, and the British pound considered to be the beginning of the
sterling. French Revolution which led to the
establishment of democratic government in
France.
Question: What is the Black Sea Grain

Initiative?
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Answer: Question: What are conditional cash
The Black Sea Grain is a deal brokered by transfer schemes?
the UN and Turkey between Russia and Answer:
Ukraine. It was aimed at preventing the Conditional Cash Transfer programmes are
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escalation of food prices due to the supply poverty eradication measures in which cash
chain disruptions caused by the Russian
invasion of Ukraine. It was meant to enable
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transfer is dependent on the beneficiary
fulfilling certain conditions. It aims to
the resumption of Ukrainian grain exports eliminate poverty in the present and
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via the Black Sea. prevent it from occurring in the future.
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Question: What is the monsoon? Question: What are freebies?

Answer: Answer:
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Monsoon is derived from the Arabic word Freebies refer to the goods and services
‘mausin’ meaning season. It refers to a distributed by political parties as a way of
double system of seasonal winds that luring voters. They generally consist of
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reverse direction as the seasons change. It short-term benefits to the target

travels from sea to land in the summer and population. Examples include promises of
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land to sea in the winter. free electricity, water, home appliances, etc.
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(Source: Indian Express, 07/14/2023) (Source: Down to Earth, 07/14/2023)

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Question: What is strategic autonomy? Question: What are Critical Minerals?

Answer: Answer:
Strategic autonomy refers to the ability of a Critical minerals, also known as strategic
state to pursue its national interests and minerals or rare earth elements (REEs), are
preferred foreign policy without being a class of minerals that are required for a
constrained by other states. In its pure form, variety of high-tech businesses, national
the state would be superior to other states, security, and the transition to a low-carbon
allowing it to resist any and all attempts to economy.
modify its national interests. It can be
considered quite similar to the Non-Aligned Question: What is the significance of
Policy adopted by India after independence. Critical Minerals?
Answer:
Question: What is Bastille Day? These minerals are key components of all
Answer: modern technologies and go into the

making of mobile phones, electric vehicles,
solar panels, semiconductors, and wind Question: What is the principal symptom
turbines, among others. of DMD?
Answer:
Question: What is Lithium? Muscle weakness is the principal symptom
Answer: of DMD. It can begin as early as age 2 or 3,
Lithium is one of the lightest and softest first affecting the proximal muscles (those
metals in the world. It is a critical close to the core of the body) and later
component for making batteries for electric affecting the distal limb muscles (those
vehicles and other rechargeable batteries close to the extremities).
for consumer electronic products including
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laptops and cell phones.
Question: What is Mines and Minerals Question: What is Diabetes Mellitus
(Regulation and Development) Act, 1957? (DM)?
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Answer: Answer:
The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the
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Development) Act, 1957 is an Act of the body does not produce enough or respond
Parliament of India enacted to regulate the normally to insulin, causing blood sugar
mining sector in India. This act forms the
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(glucose) levels to be abnormally high.
basic framework of mining regulation in
India.
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Question: What is Tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer:
It is an infectious illness caused by bacteria
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(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that mostly
Question: What is Duchenne Muscular affects the lungs. Tuberculosis is
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Dystrophy (DMD)? transmitted from person to person through

Answer: the air.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic

disorder. The disorder is marked by
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progressive muscle degeneration and
weakness due to alterations of a protein Question: What is a thunderstorm?
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called “dystrophin” that helps keep muscle Answer:

cells intact. A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical
storm or a lightning storm, is a storm in
Question: What are the causes of DMD? which lightning strikes and produces a
Answer: tremendous audible effect in the Earth's
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is atmosphere.
characterized by the absence of functional
dystrophin protein, which is essential for Question: What is a tornado?
maintaining the structural integrity of Answer:
muscle cells. This condition is caused by A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating
mutations in the dystrophin gene, located column of air that extends from a
on the X chromosome. thunderstorm to the ground. Because wind
is invisible, it is hard to see a tornado unless

it forms a condensation funnel made up of dust, dirt, soot, or smoke, are large or dark
water droplets, dust and debris. enough to be seen with the naked eye.
Others are so small they can only be
Question: What is Flash Flood? detected using an electron microscope.
Answer:
Flash flooding happens when rain falls so • PM10 : inhalable particles, with
fast that the underlying ground cannot diameters that are generally 10
cope, or drain it away fast enough. Roads micrometers and smaller; and
can become like rivers and if there is a lot of • PM2.5 : fine inhalable particles, with
water, it can flood buildings and carry cars diameters that are generally 2.5
away. So, if the rain is falling too fast for the micrometers and smaller.
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ground or drains to cope, there is a risk of
flash flooding.
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Question: Where is Siachen Glacier
Question: What is the National Air Quality ap
Located?
Monitoring Program (NAMP)? Answer:
Answer: Siachen Glacier is located in the Karakoram
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The National Air Quality Monitoring Range. It lies in the heavily glaciated
Program (NAMP), administered by the Himalayan region known as the “Third
m
Central Pollution Control Board, is a Pole,” because mountain glaciers in this

nationwide program for monitoring ambient region contain more freshwater than is
xa
air quality. The network has 804 active found anywhere else on Earth except for
stations that serve 344 cities and towns in the polar ice caps. The Siachen Glacier lies
28 states and 6 union territories. The between the Saltoro Ridge, a subrange of
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National Air Quality Monitoring the Karakorams, to the west and the main
Programme's goal is to identify current Karakoram Range to the east.
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conditions and trends in ambient air quality

as well as any deviations from the Question: What is NJ9842?
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established requirements. Answer:

NJ9842, also called NJ 980420, is the
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Question: What is air pollution? northernmost demarcated point of the

Answer: India-Pakistan cease fire line in Kashmir
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor known as the Line of Control. The India–
or outdoor environment by any chemical, Pakistan AGPL, begins from the NJ9842 on
physical or biological agent that modifies LoC and ends near the Indira Ridge at the
the natural characteristics of the trijunction of areas controlled by China,
atmosphere. India, and Pakistan.
Question: What is Particulate Matter? Question: What is Operation Meghdoot?

Answer: Answer:
PM stands for particulate matter (also Launched by the Indian Armed Forces on
called particle pollution): the term for a April 13, 1984, this operation aimed to gain
mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets control of the Siachen Glacier in the state of
found in the air. Some particles, such as Jammu and Kashmir (now part of the Union

Territory of Ladakh) before the Pakistani the ASEAN Summit which is held every
army could do so. year.
Question: What is the China-Pakistan Question: What is feudalism?

Economic Corridor? Answer:
Answer: Feudalism refers to a system where land is
The China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a owned by the landed nobility in the name of
3,000-km long route of infrastructure the monarch in exchange for raising an
projects connecting the Xinjiang Uygur army during a war. Tenants maintained and
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Autonomous Region in China and the labored on the land, and shared the
Gwadar Port in Pakistan. It aims to promote produce with the nobility for military
connectivity across Pakistan through a protection. Feudalism in India was present
network of highways, railways, pipelines, in various forms such as Taluqdar,
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and other infrastructure development Zamindar, Jagirdar, etc.
projects. ap
Question: What is the INS Chennai?
Question: What is the BRICS? Answer:
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Answer: INS Chennai is a missile destroyer that was
BRICS is an informal grouping of Brazil, indigenously designed by the Directorate of
m
Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The Naval Design and built by the Mazagon
term was coined by British economist Jim Dock Ltd, Mumbai. It is the third of India’s
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O’Neil after South Africa Joined the BRIC in Kolkata class of destroyers built under
2010. Project 15A.
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Question: What is the LAC? Question: What is Anti-defection law?

Answer: Answer:
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The Line of Actual Control (LAC) separates Anti-defection law was created to
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India-controlled territory from China- guarantee that a party member does not
controlled territory. It is the de-facto Indo- violate the party's objective, and if he does,
Chinese border passing through Ladakh, he will lose his House membership. The
Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal anti-defection statute was enacted in 1985
Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. as part of the 52nd Amendment Act. It was
included in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian
Question: What is the ASEAN? Constitution and is commonly referred to as
Answer: the Anti-Defection law.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) is a regional grouping of countries Question: What is the role of Speaker
from Southeast Asia. It aims to achieve with regard to disqualification?
economic, social, and cultural growth, Answer:
security, and peaceful cooperation in the The Speaker of a State has the authority to
region. Its supreme policy-making body is decide on the disqualification of members of
the Legislative Assembly under the

provisions of the Tenth Schedule of the counterweight to the People's Republic of
Constitution of India, commonly known as China's strategic influence.
the "Anti-Defection Law."
Question: What are the powers and (Source: The Hindu, 07/14/2023)
functions of a Speaker? Question: What is Chavin de Huantar?
Answer: Answer:
Article 178 gives the power to the Speaker It is an archaeological site, situated
to preside over the sessions of the approximately 190 miles (306 km)
Legislative Assembly of the state. Similar northeast of Lima, was a significant hub for
powers are given to the Speaker of the Lok the Chavin culture. Flourishing from
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Sabha, as mentioned in Article 93 of the approximately 1,500-550 B.C, it represents
Indian Constitution. one of their most significant cultural
centers.
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Question: What is the significance of
Question: What are Free Trade condors?
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Agreements? Answer:
Answer: The condor, one of the largest birds in the
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Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are world, was associated with power and
agreements established between two or prosperity in ancient Andean cultures.
m
more countries or trading blocs, with the

main objective of reducing or eliminating Question: Where is Peru?
Answer:
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customs tariffs and non-tariff barriers on

significant trade between them. Peru is a country in western South America.
It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and
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Question: What is AIFTA? Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the

Answer: southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile,
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The ASEAN-India Free Trade Area (AIFTA) and in the south and west by the Pacific
originated from a shared objective between Ocean.
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ASEAN and India to strengthen their

economic relations within the Asia-Pacific
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region. The initial framework agreement for
AIFTA was signed on 8 October 2003 in Question: What is Curiosity rover?
Bali, Indonesia, laying the foundation for Answer:
deeper cooperation. Curiosity rover is part of NASA's Mars
Science Laboratory mission.It is the largest
Question: What is India's Look East and most capable rover ever sent to Mars. It
policy? launched November 2011 and landed on
Answer: Mars on August, 2012 .Curiosity's scientific
The Act East strategy is an endeavor by the tools found chemical and mineral evidence
Indian government to build substantial of past habitable environments on Mars.
economic and strategic links with Southeast Curiosity explores Gale Crater and acquires
Asian states in order to strengthen its rock, soil, and air samples for onboard
position as a regional power and a analysis.

Colombia to the north, with Chile to the
Question: What is objective of south and with Brazil and Bolivia to the
Perservance rover? east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
Answer:
Perseverance is studying Mars' habitability,
seeking signs of past microbial life, (Source: The Hindu, 07/15/23)
collecting and storing samples of selected Question: What is meant by Soft landing a
rock and soil, and preparing for future lunar module?
human missions. Answer:
Soft-landing a lunar module means going
Question: How many Moons does mars
from the extreme speeds of over 6,000
have?
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km/h to zero.
Answer:
Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Question: What are the objectives of
Both are believed to be captured asteroids. Chandrayaan-3?
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Phobos is the larger of Mars' two moons. Answer:
The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3
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(Source: Indian Express, 07/15/23) are:
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Question: What is Guillain-Barré • To demonstrate Safe and Soft
syndrome? Landing on Lunar Surface
m
Answer: • To demonstrate Rover roving on the

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a very rare and moon and
serious condition that affects the nerves. It
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• To conduct in-situ scientific

mainly affects the feet, hands and limbs, experiments.
causing problems such as numbness,
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weakness and pain.

Question: What is reason behind
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Question: What is plasma in blood? Chandrayaan 2?

Answer: Answer:
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Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About During Chandrayaan-2, the lander and
55% of our blood is plasma, and the rover had crashed on the moon, instead of
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remaining 45% are red blood cells, white landing softly on it. The main issue was that
blood cells and platelets that are the five engines on the lander developed a
suspended in the plasma. Plasma is about slightly higher thrust than expected.
92% water. It also contains 7% vital
proteins such as albumin, gamma globulin
(Source: Indian Express 07/17/2023)
and anti-hemophilic factor, and 1% mineral
salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins. Question: What is Assets under
management (AUM)?
Question: Where is Peru Located?
Answer:
Answer:
Assets under management (AUM) refers to
Republic of Peru is the 3rd largest country
the entire market value of assets managed
in South America, located in its central and
by a financial institution or investment
western part, on the coast of the Pacific
business on behalf of its customers. AUM is
Ocean. Peru borders with Ecuador and
often employed in the context of investment

management, including mutual funds, Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels
hedge funds, pension funds, and other induced by the gravitational pulls of the
forms of investment vehicles. Stocks, bonds, Moon and Sun, as well as the rotation of the
cash, real estate, and alternative Earth. Tides fluctuate on time scales
investments are among the assets ranging from hours to years due to a
managed. multitude of factors that regulate the
lunitidal interval.
Question: What is Foreign portfolio
investment (FPI)? Question: What is Theia?
Answer: Answer:
Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) refers to It is a hypothesized ancient planet in the
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foreign people, institutions, or funds early Solar System that, according to the
investing in a country's financial markets in giant-impact hypothesis, collided with the
financial assets such as stocks, bonds, or early Earth around 4.5 billion years ago,
other securities. FPI is also referred to as with some of the resulting ejected debris
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"hot money" because it may move fast in gathering to form the Moon
and out of a country's financial markets in ap
response to short-term investment Question: When was the Chandrayaan 3
objectives or market conditions. FPI entails launched?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 was launched on a
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acquiring securities issued by foreign firms,
governments, or other entities. Launch Vehicle Mark-3 rocket from the
Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota
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Question: What is an Equity Fund? in Andhra Pradesh on 14th July, 2023.

Answer:
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A mutual fund or investment fund that

predominantly invests in stocks or equities
.e
is known as an equity fund. It collects Question: Who are internally displaced

money from various participants and invests persons?
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it in a diverse portfolio of publicly traded Answer:

firms. Equity funds seek to deliver long- Internally displaced persons or IDPs are
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term financial appreciation to investors by people who have been forced to leave their
participating in the future growth of the homes to avoid the effects of armed
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firms in which they invest. conflict, violence, human rights violations,

and natural or human-made disasters, and
(Source: Down to Earth, 07/17/2023) have not crossed an internationally
recognized border, i.e they have been forced
Question: What is a Moon? to migrate within the country.
Answer:
A moon is a natural satellite that orbits Question: What is genocide?
around a planet. Moons are celestial bodies Answer:
that can be found in our solar system and in Genocide refers to actions taken with the
many other planetary systems throughout intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or
the universe. religious group wholly or partly. It has been
codified as a crime by the Convention on the
Question: What are Tides? Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Answer:

Genocide (CPPCG). It can also take place the union territory of Chandigarh. SGPC
during peacetime. also administers Darbar Sahib in Amritsar.
Question: What is the Gurudwara Reform

(Source: The Hindu, 07/17/2023) Movement (GRM)?
Question: What is brachiation? Answer:
Answer: The Akali movement, also known as the
Brachiation or arm swinging is the form of Gurudwara Reform Movement, emerged as
arboreal movement practiced by some a branch of the Singh Sabha Movement. Its
primates such as gibbons and siamangs. primary objective was to free Sikh
They swing from tree limb to limb using gurudwaras from the influence of corrupt
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their arms, supporting their entire weight Udasi mahants.
with one arm at a time.
Question: What is the IUCN Red List?
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Answer: Question: What is Lightning?
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species or Answer:
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Red Data List is the most comprehensive Lightning is a natural electrical discharge
inventory of the global conservation status that occurs due to imbalances between
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of biological species. It was developed in storm clouds and the ground, or within the
1964 to help countries develop their clouds themselves.
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conservation policies, assess the impact of

human activities on wildlife, and guide Question: What is the State Disaster
Response Fund?
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policymaking at international organizations

such as CITES, Ramsar Convention, etc. Answer:
The State Disaster Response Fund or SDRF
.e
is the primary fund available with the state

(Source: Hindustan Times, 07/17/2023) governments of India to respond to
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Question: Who was Teja Singh Samundri? disasters in the respective states?
Answer:
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Question: What is the Damini app?

Teja Singh Samundri was a prominent
Answer:
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figure in the Gurdwara Reform Movement

Damini App was developed by the Indian
(GRM) and a founding member of the
Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM-
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Pune) and Earth System Science
Committee (SGPC).
Organization (ESSO) under the ministry of
Question: What is the Shiromani earth sciences. The app monitors lightning
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee? occurrences all over India and alerts the
Answer: user of lightning near them by a GPS
The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak notification under 20 km and 40 km.
Committee, established in 1920 withHQ in
Amritsar is an organization in India (Source: The Hindu, 07/17/23)
responsible for the management of
Gurdwaras, Sikh places of worship in the Question: What are corals?
states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and Answer:

Corals are invertebrate animals belonging January 5-7, 2023 by Prime Minister
to a large group of colourful and fascinating Narendra Modi.It is aimed at improving the
animals called Cnidaria.Each individual performance of blocks lagging on various
coral animal is called a polyp, and most live development parameters.
in groups of hundreds to thousands of
genetically identical polyps that form a Question: What is Aspirational Districts
‘colony’. The colony is formed by a process Program?
called budding, which is where the original Answer:
polyp literally grows copies of itself. The Government of India has launched the
‘Transformation of Aspirational Districts’
Question: What are hard corals? initiative in January 2018 with a vision of a
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Answer: New India by 2022 wherein the focus is to
Hard corals, also known as scleractinian improve India’s ranking under the Human
and stony coral, produce a rigid skeleton Development Index (HDI), raising living
made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in standards of its citizens and ensuring
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crystal form called aragonite. Hard corals inclusive growth of all.
are the primary reef-building corals. ap
Colonial hard corals, consisting of hundreds Question: What are the criteria for CSR
to hundreds of thousands of individual spending In India?
Answer:
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polyps, are cemented together by the
calcium carbonate 'skeletons' they secrete. As per the Companies Act, 2013,
Hard corals that form reefs are called companies with a minimum net worth of Rs
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hermatypic corals. 500 crore, turnover of Rs 1,000 crore, or net

profit of Rs 5 crore are required to spend at
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Question: What are soft corals? least 2 percent of their average profit for
Answer: the previous three years on CSR activities
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Soft coral, also known as Alcyonacea and every year.

ahermatypic coral, do not produce a rigid
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calcium carbonate skeleton and do not form

reefs, though they are present in a reef
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ecosystems. Soft corals are also mostly Question: What is the Collegium System?
colonial; what appears to be a single large Answer:
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organism is actually a colony of individual The collegium system is the way by which
polyps combined to form a larger structure. judges of the Supreme Court and High
Visually, soft coral colonies tend to Courts are appointed and transferred. The
resemble trees, bushes, fans, whips, and collegium system is not rooted in the
grasses. Constitution or a specific law promulgated
by Parliament; it has evolved through
judgments of the Supreme Court.
Question: What is Aspirational block Question: What is a Memorandum of

Program? Procedure(MoP)?
Answer: Answer:
Aspirational Block Programme (ABP) was The Memorandum of Procedure(MoP) is the
launched during the 2nd National list of rules and procedures for the
Conference of Chief Secretaries, held on appointment of judges to the Supreme

Court and the high courts. It is a document networks, and improve travel and
framed by the government and the judiciary commerce possibilities between nations.
together. The procedure was evolved
through three Supreme Court judgments Question: What is a Comprehensive
that are popularly known as the three Economic Partnership Agreement?
judges cases. Answer:
A complete Economic Partnership
Question: Who leads the Supreme Court Agreement (CEPA) is a form of trade
and High Court Collegium? agreement that intends to create a
Answer: complete framework for international
The Supreme Court Collegium is a five- economic cooperation. It goes beyond
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member body, which is headed by the standard free trade agreements in that it
incumbent CJI and comprises the four other addresses a larger variety of economic
seniormost judges of the court at that time. sectors and many areas of trade and
A High Court collegium is led by the investment.
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incumbent Chief Justice and two other
seniormost judges of that court. By its very ap
nature, the composition of the collegium
keeps changing. Question: What is Article 44 of the
m
Constitution?
Answer:
(Source: The Hindu 07/18/2023)
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Article 44 of the Constitution lays down

Question: What is current account that the state shall endeavor to secure a
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payment? UCC for citizens throughout the territory of

Answer: India. Article 44 is among the Directive
A current account payment is a transaction Principles of State Policy. Directive
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in which products, services, income, or Principles are not enforceable by court but
transfers are exchanged between residents are supposed to inform and guide
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and non-residents of a country. It is a governance.

component of a country's balance of
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payments that tracks all foreign Question: Which Indian State has
transactions during a certain time period. implemented Uniform Civil Code?
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Answer:
Question: What is the Air Service The only state in India that has
Agreement (ASA)? implemented a Uniform Civil Code is Goa.
Answer: The Goa Civil Code was enacted in 1961,
An Air Service Agreement (ASA) is a and it applies to all citizens of Goa
bilateral or multilateral agreement between regardless of their religion. The Code covers
countries that sets the terms and conditions a wide range of matters, including marriage,
for international air transport services divorce, inheritance, and adoption.
between their respective carriers. Air
Service Agreements are critical mechanisms Question: What is the Law Commission?
for regulating international air transport and Answer:
promoting connectivity among countries. The Law Commission of India is a non-
They offer a framework for airlines to run statutory body constituted by the
international flights, increase route

Government from time to time. The (Source: The Hindu, PIB 07/18/23)
Commission was originally constituted in
Question: What are Sustainable
1955 and
is reconstituted every three years. development Goals?
Answer:
The Sustainable Development Goals
(Source: The Hindu 07/18/2023) (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals,
are a set of 17 interrelated goals that are
Question: What is Black Sea Grain
meant to act as a common blueprint for
Initiative?
peace and prosperity for people and the
Answer:
planet today and into the future.
The Black Sea Grain Initiative is a
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collaborative effort to improve cooperation Question: What is Multi-dimensionally
and trade in the grain sector among Black poor?
Sea region countries. The project aims to Answer:
improve member nations' competitiveness
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According to the Oxford Poverty and
in the global grain market. Its priorities are Human Development Initiative (OPHI),
to promote its grain products, increase
export opportunities, and attract
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“Multidimensional poverty encompasses
the various deprivations experienced by
investments to enhance infrastructure and poor people in their daily lives – such as
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agricultural practices. poor health, lack of education, inadequate
living standards, disempowerment, poor
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Question: What is the Ukraine-Russia

quality of work, the threat of violence, and
Conflict?
living in areas that are environmentally
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Answer:
hazardous, among others.”Further, an
The Ukraine-Russia conflict refers to
individual who is deprived of one-third or
Ukraine and Russia's continuing political
more of the weighted indicators is
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and military war. The dispute has historical,

multidimensionally poor. While any person
cultural, economic, and geopolitical origins,
deprived of one-half or more of the
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and it erupted dramatically in 2014.

weighted indicators would fall into extreme
Following the political upheavals in
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multidimensional poverty.
Ukraine, Russia seized Crimea, a formerly
Ukrainian area. Russia staged a contentious
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Question: What is NITI Aayog?

referendum in Crimea, which Ukraine and Answer:
many of the international world rejected. The National Institution for Transforming
India, also known as NITI Aayog, was
Question: What is the SWIFT
formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet
international payments system?
on 1 January 2015. It is the premier policy
Answer:
“Think Tank” of the Government of India,
SWIFT is a global communications network
providing directional and policy inputs.
and international payments system used by
Apart from designing strategic and long-
financial institutions worldwide. It provides
term policies and programs for the
a safe and standardised framework for
Government of India, NITI Aayog also
financial message transmission and cross-
provides relevant technical advice to the
border transactions.
Centre, States, and Union Territories.

(Source: The Hindu, 07/18/23) curb illicit trade and trafficking in cultural
property by establishing import restrictions
Question: What is Article 239AA?
or mandating the return of stolen or
Answer: unlawfully exported artefacts.
Article 239AA of the Constitution deals
with special provisions with respect to Question: What are cultural artefacts?
Delhi. Answer:
Cultural artefacts, sometimes referred to as
Question: What is National Capital Civil
cultural objects or cultural heritage items,
Service Authority framework? are physical or tangible items that have
Answer:
cultural, historical, aesthetic, religious, or
The National Capital Civil Service Authority
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anthropological importance within a certain
is a body set up by an ordinance introduced society or group. Humans make, use, or
by the Centre that gives significant powers
modify these artefacts, which are vital
to the LG. The National Capital Civil Service symbols or representations of a culture's
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Authority, which will be responsible for identity, customs, and values.
transfer of and disciplinary proceedings
against Group-A officers from the DANICS
cadre.The chief minister will be the
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chairman of the authority while other two
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Question: What is Gross Fixed Capital
are bureaucrats.
Formation?
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Question: What is Ordinance? Answer:

Answer: Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) refers
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The ordinance Making Power of President to the net increase in physical assets i.e.
and Governor is an executive power investment minus disposals. It does not
mentioned in the Indian constitution. Article account for the depreciation of fixed capital.
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123 of the Indian Constitution authorises It is the aggregate of gross additions to

the President to issue ordinances during fixed assets plus change in stocks during
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Parliament's break, while Article 213 the counting period.

empowers Governors to issue ordinances
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Question: What is employment elasticity?

when the legislature is not in session. The
Answer:
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ordinance-making power of the President

Employment elasticity is the ability of an
and the Governor has been entrusted with
economy to generate employment
dealing with unforeseen or urgent
opportunities for its population as a
situations.
percentage of its growth process. An
(Source: The Hindu 07/18/2023)
employment elasticity of 1 indicates that
Question: What is a Cultural Property employment grows at the same rate as
Agreement? economic growth.
Answer:
A Cultural Property Agreement, also known
as a Bilateral Agreement or Memorandum
of Understanding (MoU), is an agreement Question: What is SCOMET?
between two countries to safeguard and Answer:
conserve the cultural legacy of the other. SCOMET stands for Special Chemicals,
These treaties are primarily intended to Organisms, Materials, Equipment, and

Technologies which are dual-use items Legacy systems refer to outdated software
used for both civilian and military or hardware that is still in use. It may satisfy
applications. A license from the Directorate the original requirements for which it was
General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of built but does not allow for growth. It has
Commerce, is necessary to export SCOMET. comparatively higher maintenance costs,
poorer security, and is harder to integrate
Question: What are the export promotion with modern technologies.
councils?
Answer: Question: What is an API?
Export Promotion Councils (EPCs) are Answer:
organizations of exporters, set up under the API or Application Programming Interfaces
om
Societies Registration Act/ Companies Act, are a set of mechanisms that enable two
with the objective of promoting Indian software components to communicate with
exports. The councils are responsible for the each other using certain protocols and
promotion of a particular group of products/ definitions. It can be open, partner, private,
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projects/services mentioned in the Foreign or composite in nature.
Trade Policy (FTP) 2015-2020. ap
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Question: Where is Rudragiri Hillock?
Question: What are salt caverns? Answer:
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Answer: Rudragiri hill situated in Oravakallu village

Salt caverns are underground spaces of Atchampet mandal in Guntur district of
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formed by dissolving salt in water through a Andhra Pradesh boasts of a famous

process called solution mining in which historical past and remarkable
water is pumped into areas with large salt archaeological monuments.
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deposits to dissolve the salt and create

caverns. The caverns can be used for Question: What is the Mesolithic Age?
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underground storage of crude oil or gas, etc. Answer:

It is simpler, faster, safer, and cheaper than The Mesolithic Age, also known as the
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rock caverns. Middle Stone Age, was the Stone Age's

second phase. It lasted from 9,000 B.C. to
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Question: What is the calorific value of 4,000 B.C. in India. This period is
fuel? distinguished by the appearance of
Answer: Microliths (small bladed stone tools).
Calorific value or calorific power is the
amount of heat energy present in a fuel. It is Question: Who was Ganapati Deva
determined by the complete combustion of Maharaja?
a specified amount at constant pressure and Answer:
under normal conditions. It is expressed in Ganapati-deva (1199-1262 AD) was the
terms of kilojoules per kilogram, i.e., KJ/kg. longest reigning monarch of the Kakatiya
dynasty of southern India. He brought most
of the Telugu-speaking region in present-
(Source: The Hindu, 07/15/2023) day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana under
Question: What are legacy IT systems? the Kakatiya influence by war or diplomacy.
Answer:

(Source: The Hindu, 07/19/2023) and improve the efficiency of welfare
services meant for women.
Question: What are Genetically Modified
(GM) Crops? Question: What is the National
Answer: Commission For Women?
GM crops are plants whose genes have Answer:
been artificially modified, usually by The National Commission for Women Act
inserting genetic material from another of 1990 established it as a statutory body in
organism, to give them new properties such January 1992.Its aim is to work towards
as increased yield, herbicide tolerance, achieving equality and equal participation
disease or drought resistance, or improved for women in all aspects of life by securing
nutritional value.
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their due rights and entitlements by
suitable policy formulation, legislative
Question: What are herbicide-tolerant
measures, and so on.
crops?
.c
Answer:
Herbicide-tolerant plants are those whose (Source: Indian Express, 07/19/23)
growth and development are unaffected by
herbicides used to control weeds around
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Question: What is the reasoning behind
the naming of the disease?
them. A variety of these plants are used by
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Answer:
farmers. Some herbicides are naturally
The disease was first described in the
tolerable by all plants.
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Crimean Peninsula in 1944 and given the

Question: What is GEAC? name Crimean haemorrhagic fever. In 1969
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Answer: it was recognized that the pathogen causing

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Crimean haemorrhagic fever was the same
Committee (GEAC) was established under as that responsible for an illness identified
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the Environment Protection Act, 1986 to in 1956 in the Congo Basin. The linkage of
regulate GM crop research, testing, food the two place names resulted in the current
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safety, and release of organisms. name for the disease and the virus.
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Question: What are the symptoms of

(Source: The Hindu, 07/19/23) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
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(CCHF)?
Question: What is Sex Ratio? Answer:
Answer:
According to the WHO, CCHF symptoms
The sex ratio is a ratio that is used to include fever, muscle ache, dizziness, neck
express the sex composition. pain, backache, headache, sore eyes and
In India, the sex ratio is defined as "the
sensitivity to light.
number of females in the population per There may be nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
1,000 males." abdominal pain and sore throat early on,
followed by sharp mood swings and
Question: What is Beti Bachao, Beti
confusion.
Padhao?
After two to four days, the agitation may be
Answer:
replaced by sleepiness, depression and
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (Save girl child,
lassitude, and the abdominal pain may
educate girl child) is a Government of India
localize to the upper right quadrant, with
scheme that aims to generate awareness

detectable hepatomegaly (liver (Source: Hindustan Times, 07/20/2023)
enlargement).
Question: What is a balanced diet?
Question: Is there any treatment available Answer:
for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever A balanced diet is one which comprises the
(CCHF)? necessary nutrients required for the healthy
Answer: growth and development of the body. It
There is no vaccine available for either must include both sufficient and nutritious
people or animals and treatment generally food to ensure good health of the body and
consists of managing symptoms. mind.
Question: What is food security?
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According to the UN, food security means
Question: How many countries are there
that all people have physical, social, and
in WHO’s South-East Asia Region?
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economic access to sufficient, safe, and
Answer:
nutritious food that meets their dietary
The WHO South-East Asia Region has 11 ap
needs and preferences for an active and
Member States - Bangladesh, Bhutan,
healthy life. The four pillars of food security
Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
are availability, access, utilization, and
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India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal,
stability.
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste. WHO has
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country offices in all 11 Member States. The

WHO South-East Asia Regional office in (Source: Indian Express, 07/20/2023)
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based in New Delhi India.

Question: What is Universal Basic Income?
Question: What is Mission Indradhanush? Answer:
.e
Answer: A Universal basic income (UBI) is a socio-

Prime Minister launched Mission political policy in which all citizens of a
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Indradhanush in December 2014 to cover given country receive a legally stipulated

the partially and unvaccinated pregnant and equally set financial grant from the
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women and children in pockets of low government. It is considered to be a tool to

immunization coverage, high-risk and hard- counter unemployment and eradicate
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to-reach areas and protect them from poverty.

vaccine-preventable diseases.
Question: What is populism?
Question: What is DTP? Answer:
Answer: Populism is a political approach that makes
D' stands for Diphtheria, 'T' stands for appeals to ordinary people who feel that
Tetanus and 'P' stands for Pertussis. These they have been disregarded by the elite. It
three are serious diseases caused by emphasizes the idea of the general will ie
bacteria. Diphtheria and Pertussis are popular opinion and can lead to
spread from one person to another while authoritarian regimes, weak oppositions,
Tetanus enters the body through cuts and social polarization, and the rejection of
wounds, which may not appear dangerous pluralism.
and are often unnoticed or neglected.

Question: What is the Neighborhood First
Policy? Question: What changes have been made
Answer: in Rule 3 of AIS?
A neighborhood-first policy is a foreign Answer:
policy approach that accords primacy to Under the new law, the government has the
nations in its periphery. It focuses on authority to take action against pensioners
encouraging trade, connectivity, and and withhold or revoke their pensions
people-to-people contact without the need for a referral from the
state government, if they are found guilty of
Question: What is UPI? grave misconduct or convicted of a serious
Answer: crime.
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The UPI or Unified Payments Interface is a
real-time payment system that provides
instant and quick transfer of funds between
two bank accounts through mobile Question: What is the North Atlantic
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applications. It was developed by the Treaty Organisation (NATO)?
National Payments Corporation of India Answer:
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(NPCI) and is controlled by the Reserve The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Bank of India (RBI) and IBA (Indian Bank (NATO), also called the North Atlantic
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Association). Alliance, is an intergovernmental military
alliance between 31 member states.
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Question: What is the objective of NATO?
Answer:
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Question: Give a brief description of All

India Services (AIS). It's political is the spread of democracy,
Answer: defence and security cooperation, and
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The federal government selects officers for conflict avoidance. Military objective is
three All India Services: the Indian peaceful resolution of disputes and crisis
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Administrative Service, the Indian Police management.

Service, and the Indian Forest Service.
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These officers are assigned to several state Question: Where is the Baltic Sea?
cadres. The Centre then receives a specific Answer:
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percentage of officials from each state on It is part of the North Atlantic Ocean,
central deputation. Article 312 of the Indian situated in Northern Europe.
Constitution governs all Indian services. It extends northward from the latitude of
southern Denmark almost to the Arctic
Question: What does the Rule 3 of the All Circle and separates the Scandinavian
India Services (Death-cum-Retirement Peninsula from the rest of continental
Benefits) Rules, 1958 specify? Europe.
Answer:
Rule 3(3) of the All India Services (Death-
cum-Retirement Benefits) Rules, 1958,
states that the central government could Question: What is Hydration?
withhold or withdraw pension based on a Answer:
reference from the concerned state Hydration refers to a state in which plant
government after a pensioner's conviction. tissues can withstand a water content

exceeding 30 per cent. However, during body, home, property, thoughts, feelings,
desiccation, plants endure extended periods secrets, and identity.
of dryness, causing the moisture content in
their leaves to equilibrate with that of the
surrounding air.
Question: What is the Collegium system?
Question: Where is Western Ghats? Answer:
Answer: Under the Collegium system, the Chief
The Western Ghats is one of the world's Justice of India along with four senior-most
eight biodiversity hotspots, spanning six Supreme Court judges recommend
states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, appointments and transfers of judges.A
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Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. It is High Court Collegium, meanwhile, is led by
designated as a UNESCO World Heritage the incumbent Chief Justice and the two
Site. It is one of the world's eight "hottest senior-most judges of that court. The
hotspots" of biological variety. Collegium system is not rooted in the
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Constitution. Instead, it has evolved through
Question: What are Vascular Plants? ap
judgments of the Supreme Court.
Answer:
Vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are a Question: How are judges of the higher
diverse group of plants that possess
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judiciary appointed?
specialized tissues called vascular tissues, Answer:
which enable them to transport water,
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Judges of the higher judiciary are appointed

nutrients, and sugars throughout their only through the collegium system, and the
structures.
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government has a role only after names

have been decided by the collegium.
Source: Indian Express , Hindustan Times
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Question: How did the collegium system

Question: What is data localization? of appointments evolve?
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Answer: Answer:
Data localization refers to the practice of The collegium system evolved out of a
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storing and processing data within a series of judgments of the Supreme Court
specific geographic location. that are called the “Judges Cases”. The
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collegium came into being through the

Question: What is Data Fiduciary? interpretations of the relevant provisions of
Answer: the Constitution that the Supreme Court
Data Fiduciary is any person who alone or in made in these Judges Cases.
conjunction with other persons determines
the purpose and means of the processing of
Personal Data. (Source: The Hindu, 07/20/23)
Question: What is the Indus Water

Question: What is right to Privacy?
Treaty?
Answer:
Answer:
The right to privacy is our ability to maintain
The Indus Waters Treaty is an international
a domain around us that includes all of the
agreement concluded by India and Pakistan
things that are a part of us, such as our
in 1960 which regulates the use by the two
States of the Indus system of rivers.

Infant mortality rate is the probability of a
Question: What is Permanent court of child born in a specific year or period dying
Arbitration? before reaching the age of one
Answer:
The PCA is an intergovernmental
organization established in 1899 to (Source: Down To Earth, 07/20/2023)
facilitate arbitration and other forms of Question: What is fleet electrification?
dispute resolution between states. Answer:
Fleet electrification refers to the transition
Question: What is no harm rule (NHR)?
of vehicles from Internal Combustion
Answer:
Engines (ICE) to zero-emission electric
The NHR is a due diligence obligation which
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vehicles. It is expected to reduce premature
requires a riparian state undertaking a
deaths and saves billions in health-related
project on a shared watercourse having
expenditures. It promotes sustainability
potential transboundary effect to take all
through lowered environmental impact and
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appropriate measures relating to the
reduced maintenance and operational costs.
prevention of harm to another riparian state, ap
including carrying out a transboundary Question: What is a circular economy?
environmental impact assessment. Answer:
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A Circular Economy is one in which
(Source: The Hindu, 07/21/23) products are designed for durability, reuse,
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and recyclability. It includes 6 R's - Reduce,

Question: What is a quality-adjusted life- Reuse, Recycle, Refurbishment, Recover,
year (QALY)?
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and Repairing of materials. It has the

Answer: potential to increase employment and
The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is a productivity.
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measure of the value of health outcomes. It

takes into account both the length of life
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and the quality of life experienced during (Source: Indian Express, The Hindu,
that time. 07/21/2023)
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Question: What is ethnicity?

Question: What are Disability-adjusted
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Answer:
life years (DALYs)?
Ethnicity is derived from the root word-
Answer:
ethnic which loosely means race. It signifies
One DALY represents the loss of the
the self-consciousness of a group of people
equivalent of one year of full health. DALYs
united or closely related by shared
for a disease or health condition are the
experiences such as language, religious
sum of the years of life lost due to
belief, common heritage, etc. Unlike race,
premature mortality (YLLs) and the years
which is biological, ethnicity is based on
lived with a disability (YLDs) due to
cultural factors.
prevalent cases of the disease or health
condition in a population.
Question: What is gender politics?
Answer:
Question: What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Gender politics is a branch of social science
Answer:
that aims to evaluate political systems,
regimes, and social movements from the

perspective of gender roles and the status during the combustion of coal in a furnace
of women. and collected using electrostatic
precipitators.
(Source: Indian Express, 07/21/2023) Question: What is Siltation?

Question: What is the due process of law? Answer:
Answer: Siltation is water pollution produced by
It is an American constitutional doctrine that particulate terrestrial clastic material with a
has been taken from the Magna Carta. It particle size dominated by silt or clay. It
checks whether there is a law that deprives refers to both the increased concentration
citizens of the right to life and personal of suspended particles and the increased
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liberty and if the law is fair, just, and not buildup of fine sediments on bottoms where
arbitrary. It is wider in scope than the they are unwanted. Siltation is most
procedure established by law. commonly induced by soil erosion or
sediment discharge.
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Question: What is the International
Commission of Jurists? ap
Answer:
The International Commission of Jurists is Question: Is rice a Kharif crop?
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an international human rights NGO Answer:
comprising 60 eminent jurists. It works to It is a kharif crop which requires high
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develop national and international human temperature, (above 25°C) and high
rights standards through the law and is humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm.
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supported by an International Secretariat In the areas of less rainfall, it is grown with

based in Geneva, Switzerland. It undertakes the help of irrigation.
advocacy and policy work to strengthen the
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role of lawyers and judges in protecting and Question: What is the significance of rice
promoting human rights and the rule of law. in India?
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Answer:
Rice is a staple food for most of the
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(Source: Down to Earth, 07/21/2023) population in India. India is the world's

leading rice exporter, accounting for more
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Question: Where are the Sunderbans?

Answer: than 40% of the global rice trade, as well as
Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta the second-largest producer after China.
formed by the confluence of the Ganges,
Question: What is the Open Market Sale
Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay
Scheme?
of Bengal. It stretches from the Baleswar
Answer:
River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to
Under the Open Market Sale Scheme
the Hooghly River in the Indian state of
(OMSS), the FCI sells food grains, especially
West Bengal.
rice and wheat, from the central pool to
Question: What is Fly Ash? traders, bulk consumers, retail chains, etc in
Answer: the open market at pre-determined prices.
Fly ash is an undesired unburned byproduct Open-market bidders can purchase
of coal combustion in a coal thermal power specified quantities in e-auctions at prices
plant. It is released together with flue gases

that are set at the start of a cycle and The Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh
revised routinely. was identified for reintroduction because of
its

• suitable habitat,
Question: What is a Landslide? • adequate prey base, and
Answer: • lack of human settlement.
A landslide is a fast movement of rock, soil,
and plants down a slope caused by gravity.
It can be produced by natural forces such as (Source: The Hindu, 07/21/23)
severe rain or an earthquake, or it can be
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caused by human tampering with the Question: What is Palk Strait?
slope's stability. Answer:
The Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil
Question: What is the National Disaster Nadu state of India and the Jaffna District of
.c
Response Force (NDRF)? the Northern Province of the island nation
Answer: ap
of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal
The National Disaster Response Team in the northeast with Palk Bay in the
(NDRF) is an Indian specialized force southwest.
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constituted for the purpose of special
response to a threatening disaster situation Question: What is Indo-Sri Lanka Peace
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or disaster" under the Disaster Accord?

Management Act, 2005. Answer:
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The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord was an

accord signed in Colombo on 29 July 1987,
between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi
.e
Question: What is a flag ship species? and Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene.
Answer: The accord was expected to resolve the Sri
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A flagship species is a species selected to Lankan Civil War by enabling the thirteenth
act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka
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defined habitat, issue, campaign or and the Provincial Councils Act of 1987.
Under the terms of the agreement,
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environmental cause.
Colombo agreed to a devolution of power
Question: What is Umbrella Species? to the provinces, the Sri Lankan troops were
Answer: to be withdrawn to their barracks in the
A species whose protection is anticipated to north and the Tamil rebels were to
extend to a significant number of naturally surrender their arms
coexisting species is known as an umbrella
species. Question: What are India–Sri Lanka
maritime boundary agreements?
Question: What is the reason behind Answer:
selecting Kuno National Park for the India–Sri Lanka maritime boundary
Cheetah reintroduction program? agreements were signed in 1974 and 1976
Answer: between India and Sri Lanka to define the
international maritime boundary between
the two countries

raise income for local governments and
benefit indigenous industries.
Question: What was the Indian Economic

Crisis of 1991?
Answer: Question: What is the E20 Fuel?
The 1991 Indian economic crisis was an Answer:
economic crisis in India caused by a balance It is a 20–80 ethanol–petrol blend that can
of payments imbalance caused by an be used in automobiles, trucks, and
overreliance on imports and other external motorbikes that was introduced by the
causes. India's economic troubles began to Prime Minister at the E20 fuel at the India
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intensify in 1985, as imports increased, Energy Week 2023 event in February 2023.
leaving the nation with a double deficit: the It reduces emissions, promotes the use of
Indian trade balance was in deficit at the renewable energy, and enhances engine
same time as the government was running efficiency.
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a massive budget deficit.
Question: What is carbon footprint?
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Question: What is G20? Answer:
Answer: A carbon footprint is the total amount of
m
The G20 is an intergovernmental forum Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) like carbon
comprising 19 countries and the European dioxide and methane which are released
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Union. The G20 members represent around into the atmosphere by different human
85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the activities.
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global trade, and about two-thirds of the

world population. India holds the
Presidency of the G20 from December 1,
.e
2022 to November 30, 2023. Question: What is Bedaquiline?

Answer:
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Bedaquiline is a drug used to treat active

TB. It is specifically used to treat multidrug-
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Question: What is the CPI? resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in

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Answer: conjunction with other tuberculosis drugs.

The Consumer Price Index is a measure of
the changes in prices of a basket of Question: What is Tuberculosis (TB)?
consumer goods and services. It measures Answer:
price fluctuations at the consumer level and It is an infectious illness caused by bacteria
is published by the National Statistics Office (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that mostly
on a monthly basis with 2011-12 as the affects the lungs. Tuberculosis is
base year. transmitted from person to person through
the air. About one-third of the world's
Question: What are import duties? population has latent tuberculosis, which
Answer: implies they have been infected by TB
Import duties are taxes collected by germs but are not ill and cannot spread the
customs authorities on imports and some disease.
exports. They are generally based on the
value of goods that are imported. It aims to

• It doesn’t demand an oral answer on
Question: What is the Indian Patent the floor of the house in question
Regime? hour.
Answer: • A maximum of 230 unstarred
Indian patents are governed by the Indian questions is allowed in a day.
Patent Act of 1970. It became a party to the • The questions are given a written
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual reply. Therefore no follow-up
Property Rights (TRIPS). questions are allowed.
• The word limit of each question is
limited to 150 words.
• Each Member of the Parliament is
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Question: What is the objective of the allowed to ask a maximum of 4 to 5
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)? unstarred questions based on
Answer: whether they asked a starred
National Statistical Office (NSO) launched question or not respectively.
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Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) in April
2017, considering the importance of the ap
availability of labour force data at more Question: What is Question Hour?
frequent time intervals Answer:
Question Hour is the time allotted for
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The objective of PLFS is primarily twofold: asking questions. Question Hour is the first
hour of every parliamentary sitting of the
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• to estimate the key employment Lok Sabha for asking and answering
and unemployment indicators (viz. questions on the aspects of administrative
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Worker Population Ratio, Labour activity. It usually starts at 11 AM when the

Force Participation Rate, House meets for the session. On the other
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Unemployment Rate) in the short hand, the question hour in Rajya Sabha
time interval of three months for the usually starts at 12 PM when the house
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urban areas only in the ‘Current meets for the session. Question Hour is an
Weekly Status’ (CWS). important instrument in the Parliamentary
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• to estimate employment and System to ensure accountability among the

unemployment indicators in both ministers.
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‘Usual Status’ (ps+ss) and CWS in

both rural and urban areas annually.
Question: What is Cyber terrorism?

Question: What are Unstarred questions Answer:
in parliamentary proceedings? Cyberterrorism is a contemporary
Answer: phenomenon, wherein terrorists use the
Some of the characteristics of the unstarred internet to influence, communicate and fund
questions in parliamentary proceedings are: violence on a real-time basis.
• An asterisk mark is absent next to Question: What is meant by Fake news?

the question to indicate an Answer:
unstarred question.

Fake news is those news stories that are Question: Who are Gig Workers?
false,with no verifiable facts, sources, or Answer:
quotes. Gig workers are independent contractors or
freelancers who typically do short-term
Question: What is the Doctrine of work for multiple clients. The work may be
Proportionality? project-based, hourly or part-time, and can
Answer: either be an ongoing contract or a
The doctrine of Proportionality means temporary position.
striking a balance between actions and
goals. The Doctrine of Proportionality is Question: What is Social Security?
often used as a basis for judicial review in Answer:
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matters involving administrative action. According to the International Labor
Organisation Social security is the
protection that a society provides to
individuals and households to ensure
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Question: What is the Writ of Mandamus? access to health care and to guarantee
Answer: income security, particularly in cases of old
ap
A writ of mandamus is a discretionary age, unemployment, sickness, invalidity,
remedy that aims to force the fulfillment of work injury, maternity or loss of a
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a public legal duty enumerated in a statute breadwinner.
or at common law.
Question: What are digital Intermediaries?
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Question: When can the writ of Answer:

mandamus be used? Digital intermediaries currently include
xa
Answer: internet service providers, cloud service

A mandamus is usually given when providers, consumer-facing social media
.e
legislation requires an official or authority to platforms and video-sharing websites.

execute a duty and that obligation has not
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been performed notwithstanding a written (Source: The Hindu, 07/25/2023)

demand. A writ of mandamus will not be
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issued unless it is to overturn an unlawful Question: What is the 'Meri Maati Mera
order. Desh' campaign?
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Answer:
Question: What are the list of languages ‘Meri Maati Mera Desh' campaign is
in the Eighth Schedule? launched as a culmination of the 'Azadi Ka
Answer: Amrit Mahotsav' celebration. Under the
The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution campaign, soil collected from various parts
consists of the following 22 of the country will be utilized to develop a
languages:- garden called the Amrit Vatika along the
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kartavya Path in Delhi. The campaign aims
Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, to honor and remember those who made
Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, the supreme sacrifice for the nation.
Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo,
Santhali, Maithili and Dogri. Question: What is Azadi Ka Amrit
Mahotsav?
Answer:

Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is an initiative, by scrutinize and control, committees relating
the Government of India, commemorating to the day-to-day business of the House,
75 years of independence and its progress. and house-keeping or service committees.
Question: What is soil conservation? Question: What is the Archeological

Answer: Society of India?
The goal of soil conservation is to stop the Answer:
loss of the soil's topmost layer due to The ASI, under the Union Ministry of
erosion or to stop the soil from becoming Culture, is India’s premier organization for
less fertile due to overuse, acidification, archaeological research and protection of
salinization, or other chemical soil cultural heritage. It was established in 1861
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contamination. by Alexander Cunningham. It regulates all
archaeological activities as per the
provisions of the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,
.c
Question: What is hegemony? 1958.
Answer: ap
Hegemony refers to the political, economic,
or military dominance or control enjoyed by
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one state over others, with the dominant Question: What are the launch vehicles of
state called a hegemon. An example of a ISRO?
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hegemon is the U.S.A. in the 20th and 21st Answer:

centuries. India has three active operational launch
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vehicles: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Question: What are White elephants? (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Answer: Vehicle (GSLV), and Geosynchronous
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A white elephant refers to a possession or Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk-III (LVM3).

organization that is too expensive to
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maintain or difficult to dispose of. It does Question: What is Polar Satellite Launch
not have sufficient value relative to its Vehicle (PSLV)?
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acquisition or operational costs. Answer:

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the
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third generation launch vehicle of India. It is

the first Indian launch vehicle to be
Question: What is a Parliamentary equipped with liquid stages. The PSLV
standing committee? successfully launched two spacecraft–
Answer: Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 and Mars Orbiter
A Standing Committee is a permanent and Spacecraft in 2013 – that later traveled to
regular committee that is formed as per the Moon respectively. It also launched India’s
provisions of an Act of Parliament or the first space observatory, Astrosat
Rules of Procedure and Conduct of
Business. They are constituted for a fixed Question: What is NewSpace India
term and work continuously. They are Limited (NSIL)?
classified as financial committees, Answer:
departmental standing committees, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is a Public
committees to inquire, committees to Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the

Government of India and the commercial government. This helps to facilitate
arm of the Indian Space Research information about its contribution to
Organisation (ISRO). It was established on economic development, improve
6 March 2019 under the administrative stakeholder understanding of its business,
control of the Department of Space (DoS) build trust, ensure robust tax governance,
and the Company Act 2013. The main and improve transparency of tax payments
objective of NSIL is to scale up private and compliance with tax authorities.
sector participation in Indian space
programs. Question: What is (OECD)’s Base Erosion
and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative?
Answer:
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The Organization for Economic Cooperation
Question: What is CHIS? and Development (OECD)’s Base Erosion
Answer: and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative seeks to
Controlled Human Infection Studies (CHIS) close gaps in international taxation for
.c
refers to the research methodology that companies that allegedly avoid taxation or
involves intentionally exposing healthy reduce tax burden in their home country by
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human volunteers to a specific pathogen or engaging in tax inversions (moving
infectious agent under controlled operations) or by migrating intangibles to
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conditions. lower tax jurisdictions.
Question: What is Business Responsibility

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Question: What is ICMR?

Answer: and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR)
framework?
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The Indian Council of Medical Research

(ICMR), New Delhi, the apex body in India Answer:
for the formulation, coordination and The Securities and Exchange Board of India
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promotion of biomedical research, is one of (SEBI), has introduced the Business

the oldest medical research bodies in the Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting
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world. (BRSR) framework which requires listed

companies to disclose information under
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Question: What are Infectious Diseases? the nine principles of the National
Answer: Guidelines on Responsible Business
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Infectious illnesses are those caused by Conduct. The BRSR disclosure is voluntary
harmful microorganisms such as viruses, for FY2022 and shall become mandatory
bacteria, protozoa, fungus, and other from FY2023 onwards for the top 1,000
parasites. These infectious diseases can be Indian listed companies by market
spread by animals, people, insects, or other capitalisation.
agents.
(Source: Indian Express, 07/25/23) (Source: The Hindu, 07/26/2023)
Question: What is Tax Transparency? Question: What is antimatter?
Answer: Answer:
Tax Transparency Report (TTR) is an annual Antimatter is the opposite of normal matter.
report providing an overview of tax
More specifically, the sub-atomic particles
strategy, governance, and tax contributions
of antimatter have properties opposite
made by a particular corporate group to the those of normal matter. Antimatter interacts

with all four fundamental forces and is Women and Child Development. It consists
annihilated when matter and antimatter of a chairperson and six members of which
interact. at least two should be women, all of whom
are appointed by the Central Government
Question: What is the Higgs Boson for 3 years.
particle?
Answer: Question: What is a cognizable offense?
The Higgs boson or the God particle is the Answer:
fundamental force-carrying particle of the A cognizable offense is a serious offense in
Higgs field. It is 130 times more massive which the police are authorized to arrest the
than a proton and is responsible for accused without a warrant and begin the
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granting other particles their mass. It is investigation having to obtain the court's
chargeless and the only fundamental permission. Examples include murder, theft,
particle with spin. kidnapping, rape, dowry death, etc.
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Question: What is the launch vehicle used

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Question: What is Full-Reserve Banking?
for Chandrayaan-3? Answer:
m
Answer: It is also known as 100% Reserve Banking.
The ISRO has used the Launch Vehicle It is a banking system where banks are
m
Mark-III (LVM 3) to launch the required to hold all the money they receive
Chandrayaan-3 mission. It is the most from customers as demand deposits in their
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powerful configuration of the GSLV vaults at all times.

produced by India. It uses solid-fuel, liquid
fuel, and cryogenic engines. Question: What are Demand deposits?
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Answer:
Question: What is the IRNSS? Demand deposits are deposits that
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Answer: customers can withdraw from the bank at

The IRNSS is an independent regional any point in time without any prior notice.
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navigation satellite system developed by

India that can provide accurate position Question: What are Time deposits?
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information service to users in India as well Answer:

as the region extending up to 1500 km from Time deposits are investment deposits
its boundary. It consists of 8 satellites, of made for a predetermined period, ranging
which 7 are currently active. from a few months to several years. The
depositor receives a predetermined rate of
interest on the term deposit over the
(Source: The Hindu, 07/26/2023) specified period.
Question: What is the NCPCR?
Question: What is Bank run?
Answer:
Answer:
The National Commission for Protection of
A bank run is when the customers of a bank
Child Rights (NCPCR) is a statutory body
or other financial institution withdraw their
established under the Commission for
deposits at the same time over fears about
Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act,
the bank's solvency.
2005. It is administered by the Ministry of

Question: What is UNESCO?
Question: What is Biodiversity? The United Nations Educational Scientific
Answer: and Cultural Organization is a specialized
The term "biodiversity" refers to the agency of the United Nations that aims to
diversity of all types of living things, build peace and cooperation through
including those within and between education, science, and culture.
species, as well as the ecological systems It was established on 16th November 1946
of which they are a part. on the basis of a proposal of the Conference
of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME).
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Question: What is meant by biological
resources? Question: What is Man and the Biosphere
Answer: (MAB) Programme?
The term "biological resources" refers to Answer:
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any plants, animals, or microorganisms, or The MAB programme is an
portions thereof, as well as their genetic intergovernmental scientific programme
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material and byproducts (excluding value- that aims to establish a scientific basis for
added goods), with the exception of human enhancing the relationship between people
and their environments. It combines the
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genetic material.
natural and social sciences with a view to
improving human livelihoods and
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Question: What is the National

Biodiversity Authority? safeguarding natural and managed
Answer: ecosystems, thus promoting innovative
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The Central Government of India formed approaches to economic development that

the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) in are socially and culturally appropriate and
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2003 to carry out the Biological Diversity environmentally sustainable.

Act (2002). It is a statutory organisation The World Network of Biosphere Reserves
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that serves the Indian government in a currently counts 738 sites in 134 countries
facilitative, regulatory, and advising capacity all over the world, including 22
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regarding the preservation and wise use of transboundary sites.

biological resources.
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Question: What is a transistor?
Question: What is a World Heritage Site? Answer:
Answer: A transistor is an electronic component that
World Heritage Sites are cultural and/or is used in circuits to either amplify or switch
natural sites considered to be of electrical signals or power. It is generally
outstanding universal value, which has made of silicon and is a constituent of most
been inscribed on the World Heritage List electronic devices.
by the World Heritage Committee. They are
representative of unique or the most Question: What is the Internet of Things?
significant or best, examples of the world’s Answer:
cultural and/or natural heritage. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing
concept in which common objects are

connected to a network like the Internet.
The devices can then communicate with Question: What is SDG 4?
each other and with the users. Answer:
Sustainable Development Goal 4 deals with
education. It states that inclusive and
(Source: The Hindu, 07/27/2023) equitable quality education should be
Question: What is GST? ensured for all children while promoting
Answer: lifelong learning.
The Goods and Services Tax or GST is a
value-added tax that is levied on goods and (Source: The Hindu, 07/27/2023)
services sold for domestic consumption. It is
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paid by consumers but is paid to the Question: What is the International
government by businesses. It is a Monetary Fund (IMF)?
destination-based tax and is applicable on Answer:
the supply side. The IMF is a 190-member organisation with
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participation on the IMF's executive board
Question: What is Financial Repression? proportional to its financial importance,
ap
Answer: such that the most powerful nations in the
Financial repression is defined as measures global economy have the most voting
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implemented by the government to channel power.
funds from the private sector as a form of
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debt reduction. Question: What is the Black Sea Grain

Initiative?
Question: What is the FRBM Act, 2003? Answer:
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Answer: The Black Sea Grain Initiative is a grain

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget export deal signed separately by Ukraine
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Management Act, 2003 was enacted to and Russia. The deal brokered by the
establish a target for governments United Nations and Turkey was signed in
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regarding financial discipline, transparency, Istanbul, Turkey in July 2022.

and management of public funds. It aims to
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reduce the fiscal deficit. It is regulated by

the Department of Economic Affairs,
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Ministry of Finance. Question: What is parliamentary

privilege?
Parliamentary privilege is the sum of
Question: What is digital education? certain. rights enjoyed by each House
Answer: collectively and by members of each House
Digital education involves the use of digital individually, without which they could not
technologies and apps for teaching and discharge their functions, and which exceed
learning. It is also known as Technology those possessed by other bodies or
Enhanced Learning (TEL) or e-Learning. It individuals.
helps increase access to learning regardless
of physical distances between students and Question: What is the breach of privilege?
teachers. Answer:

A breach of privileges occurs when a person the council of ministers need not resign
or authority disregards or attacks any of the from the office.
Members' or the House's rights, immunities,
or privileges individually or collectively. Question: Which was the first government
to succumb to the No-Confidence Motion?
Question: What is Article 105? Answer:
Answer: Morarji Desai's government was the first to
Article 105 of the Constitution defines the succumb to the No-Confidence Motion in
powers, privileges, and other 1979. In the Lok Sabha, the No-Confidence
responsibilities of the Houses of Parliament, Motion was moved twice against his
as well as the members and committees. government.
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There must be freedom of expression in
Parliament, subject to the requirements of
this constitution and the rules and standing
orders governing Parliamentary procedure. Question: What is the National Population
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Register (NPR)?
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The National Population Register (NPR) is a
Question: What is a No-Confidence Register containing details of persons
m
Motion? usually residing in a village or rural area or
Answer: town or ward or demarcated area within a
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It is a formal process in which a legislature ward in a town or urban area. The objective
expresses its lack of confidence in the of the NPR is to create a comprehensive
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government. Article 75(3) of the database of usual residents in the country.

Constitution embodies the rule by
specifying that the Council of Ministers are Question: What is the National Register of
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collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Citizens (NRC)?

Answer:
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Question: Who can move a No-Confidence The NRC is an official record of those who
Motion? are legal Indian citizens. It includes
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Answer: demographic information about all those

Any member of Lok Sabha who can garner individuals who qualify as citizens of India
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the support of 50 can at any point of time as per the Citizenship Act, 1955. The
introduce a motion of no-confidence register was first prepared after the 1951
against. A no-confidence motion can be Census of India and since then it has not
moved only in the Lok Sabha. It cannot be been updated until recently.So far, such a
moved in the Rajya Sabha. database has only been maintained for the
state of Assam.
Question: What is a Censure Motion?
Answer: Question: Who is responsible for the
It should explain why it was adopted in the decadal census in India?
Lok Sabha. It can be filed against a single Answer:
minister, a group of ministers, or the full The responsibility of conducting the decadal
council of ministers.It is moved to censure census rests with the Office of the Registrar
the council of ministers for specific policies General and Census Commissioner of India,
and actions.If it is passed in the Lok Sabha,

Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of Haryana and Rajasthan as well as the
India. National Capital Territory of Delhi comprise
the National Capital Region (NCR) of India.

• National Capital Territory Delhi.
Question: What is Untouchability? • Haryana:- Faridabad, Gurgaon,
Answer: Rohtak, Sonipat, Panipat, Jhajjar,
Untouchability is the discrimination of Rewari, Mewat, Palwal, Bhiwani,
individuals on the basis of caste and the Mahendragarh, Jind and Karnal
nature of jobs done by them. Untouchability districts.
has been deeply rooted in the Indian caste • Uttar Pradesh:- Meerut, Ghaziabad,
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system for ages. Abolition of untouchability Gautam Budh Nagar, Buland
(Article 17) was incorporated in Part III - Shahar, Baghpath, Hapur districts.
Fundamental Rights of the Indian • Rajasthan:- Alwar, Bharatpur
constitution. It places limitations on and districts
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outlaws the practice of untouchability,
ensuring that it is removed in all forms. The
practice of untouchability will not be
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Question: What is Urban Agglomeration?
Answer:
accepted by a democratic government and
The term “urban agglomeration” refers to
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will be punished.
the population contained within the
contours of a contiguous territory inhabited
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Question: What is Manual Scavenging?

Answer: at urban density levels without regard to
administrative boundaries. It usually
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Manual scavenging is the practice of

removing human excreta by hand from incorporates the population in a city or town
sewers or septic tanks. plus that in the suburban areas lying
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outside of, but being adjacent to, the city

Question: What is Prohibition of boundaries.
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Employment as Manual Scavengers and

their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (PEMSR)? Question: What is Economic Geography?
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Answer: Answer:
India banned the practice under the Economic Geography is a sub-discipline of
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Prohibition of Employment as Manual geography that is concerned with the

Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, spatial configuration of firms, industries and
2013 (PEMSR). The Act bans the use of any nations.
individual for manually cleaning, carrying,
disposing of or otherwise handling in any (Source: The Hindu, 07/26/2023)
manner, human excreta till its disposal.
Question: What is a Circular Economy?
Answer:
A Circular Economy refers to an approach
Question: What is NCR? where products are intentionally designed
Answer: with durability and the ability to be reused
According to the National Capital Region and recycled. In this system, items are
Planning Board Act 1985, total 19 districts continuously repurposed, remanufactured,
in the adjoining states of Uttar Pradesh, or recycled, ensuring that very little goes to

waste, and instead, most materials are and their resources.It aims to prevent forest
transformed into raw materials or utilized lands from being converted for other
for energy generation. purposes.
Question: What is the take-make-dispose Question: What is TN Godavarman

model? Thirumulpad vs. Union of India, 1996?
Answer: Answer:
The take-make-dispose model, often known It states that “forests” will not only include
as the linear economy model, refers to the forest as understood in the dictionary sense,
conventional and linear approach to but also any area recorded as forest in
resource consumption and output in our Government records irrespective of the
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economic system. In this model, resources ownership. This description covers all
are extracted from nature, processed into statutorily recognised forests, whether
products, used by consumers, and then designated as reserved, protected or
discarded as waste after their use. otherwise.
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Question: What is the reduce-reuse- ap
recycle approach? (Source: The Hindu, 07/28/2023)
Answer: Question: What are Stapled Visas?
The reduce-reuse-recycle approach is a
m
Answer:
sustainable strategy to minimize The Stapled Visa is an alternative method
environmental impact by promoting
m
of visa issuance used by some countries'

responsible resource use, extending immigration authorities. Instead of stamping
product lifespan, and maximizing material
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the visa directly onto the passport of the

recovery for new products. traveler, an additional paper containing all
the necessary visa details, such as the
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(Source: Times of India, 08/05/2023) purpose and duration of the trip in the
destination country, is attached to the
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Question: What is the status of forests in passport.

India?
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Answer: Question: What is China issuing Stapled

As per the India State of Forest Report- Visas?
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2021, forest and tree cover in the country Answer:

increased by 2,261 square kilometres since China disputes India's sovereignty over
the last assessment in 2019. Arunachal Pradesh, considering t as its own
India’s total forest and tree cover was 80.9 territory. This disagreement is at the core of
million hectares, which accounted for their border dispute. To assert its claim,
24.62% of the geographical area of the China issues stapled visas and refers to
country. Arunachal Pradesh as "Zangnan" or "South
Tibet" on its maps. These actions are part of
Question: What is the Forest Conservation China's efforts to challenge India's control
Act 1980? over the region and assert its own territorial
Answer: claims.
The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was
introduced by the Indian Parliament to Question: What is the Belt and Road
control deforestation and conserve forests Initiative (BRI)?

Answer: o it must be written down and
BRI is an investment program that aims at signed by the informant, and
infrastructure development and economic its key points should be
integration of countries along the route of recorded in a daily diary.
the historic Silk Road. It is transcontinental
in its approach and aims at accelerating
infrastructure development. Question: Why Was Justice Verma
Committee constituted?
Answer:
(Source: Indian Express, 07/28/23) Justice Verma Committee was constituted
Question: What is Zero FIR? to recommend amendments to the Criminal
om
Answer: Law so as to provide for quicker trial and
A Zero FIR can be filed in any Police Station enhanced punishment for criminals accused
by the victim, irrespective of their residence of committing sexual assault against
or the place of occurrence of the crime. women. The Committee submitted its
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report on January 23, 2013. Justice Verma
• The objective of a Zero FIR is Committee was set up after the 2012
ap
to ensure the victim doesn’t have Nirbhaya gang rape case.
to run from pillar to post to get a
m
police complaint registered. (Source: The Hindu, 07/28/23)
• The provision is meant to provide
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speedy redressal to the victim so Question: What is Central Board of Film

that timely action can be taken after Certification (CBFC)?
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the filing of the FIR. Answer:

The Central Board of Film Certification
(CBFC) is a statutory film-certification
.e
Question: What is First Information organisation under India's Ministry of

Report (FIR)? Information and Broadcasting. Its mission is
w
Answer: to "regulate the public showing of films in

The term First Information Report (FIR) is accordance with the Cinematograph Act
w
not defined in the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1952." Films that have been aired in
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, theatres and on television may only be
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or in any other law, but in police regulations publicly presented in India after being
or rules, information recorded under certified and edited by the board.
Section 154 of CrPC is known as First
Information Report (FIR). Question: What is Freedom of Speech and
Expression?
• There are three important elements Answer:
of an FIR: Freedom of speech and expression means
o the information must relate the right to freely express one's views and
to the commission of a opinions. Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian
cognizable offence. constitution deals with the . freedom of
o it should be given in writing speech and expression. All Citizens in India
or orally to the head of the have the right to freedom of speech and
police station and expression with some reasonable
restrictions.

communications technologies. It enables
Question: What is Copyright? increased productivity, competitiveness,
Answer: quality of products, and reduced costs.
Copyright is a type of intellectual property
that protects original works of authorship as Question: What is digital sovereignty?
soon as an author fixes the work in a Answer:
tangible form of expression. In copyright Digital sovereignty relates to the regulation
law, there are a lot of different types of and control exercised by a state over the
works, including paintings, photographs, technology and services used there. It aims
illustrations, musical compositions, sound to ensure the security of sensitive data
recordings, computer programs, books, secure and grants organizations and
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poems, blog posts, movies, architectural individuals greater autonomy over their
works, plays, and so on. digital assets and data.
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Question: What are the focus areas of the Question: What is meant by legislated
ap
ECSWG? quotas?
Answer: Answer:
m
The focus areas of the 4th G-20 Legislated quotas enshrined in the
Environment and Climate Sustainability constitution and/or electoral laws require
m
Working Group (ECSWG) and Environment that a minimum number of candidates are
and Climate Ministers’ meeting are women (or of the under-represented sex).
xa
Arresting land degradation, Accelerating

ecosystem restoration and biodiversity Question: What is the Global Gender Gap
enrichment, Promoting a sustainable and report?
.e
climate-resilient blue economy, and Answer:

Ensuring resource efficiency and circular Global Gender Gap Report provides scores
w
economy. on Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) which

examines the gap between men and
w
Question: What is the Polluter pays women in four dimensions, namely,

principle? Economic Participation and Opportunity,
W
Answer: Educational Attainment, Health and

The Polluter Pays Principle aims to penalize Survival and Political Empowerment. Global
those who pollute the environment in order Gender Gap Report is published by the
to compensate for the damage caused and World Economic Forum.
return the environment to its original state
regardless of the intent behind the actions. Question: What is Gender Inequality
Index?
Answer:
(Source: Indian Express, 07/28/2023) The Gender Inequality Index is a composite
Question: What is the digital economy? measure reflecting inequality in
Answer: achievements between The GII is a
The digital economy is the worldwide composite measure, reflecting inequality in
network of economic activities that are achievements between women and men in
powered by information and

three dimensions: reproductive health, Force to reorganise the management of
empowerment and the labour market. Project Tiger.
Question: What is the IUCN status of

(Source: Indian Express, 07/28/2023) Bengal Tiger?
Question: What is the principle of Answer:
reasonableness?
Answer: • IUCN Red List: Endangered
It is “a legal standard used by many judicial • Wildlife (Protection) Act (WPA),
systems, including Australia, Britain, and 1972: Schedule-1
Canada. A decision is deemed unreasonable
om
if a court rules that it was made without
considering all relevant factors or without (Source: Down to Earth, 07/31/2023)
giving relevant weight to each factor, or by
giving irrelevant factors too much weight.” Question: What is World Meteorological
.c
Organization (WMO)?
Question: What is the Arab Spring? Answer:
ap
Answer: It is a specialized agency of the United
The Arab Spring was a series of pro- Nations responsible for promoting
m
democracy uprisings that enveloped several international cooperation in the field of
largely Muslim countries, including Tunisia, meteorology (weather and climate),
m
Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt, and Bahrain. operational hydrology, and related
The events in these nations generally began geophysical sciences.
xa
in the spring of 2011, which led to the

name. Question: Where is the Barent Sea?
Answer:
.e
The Barents Sea is a marginal sea of the

Source: Down to Earth, 07/29/2023) Arctic Ocean, located off the northern
w
coasts of Norway and Russia and divided

Question: What is Project Tiger?
Answer: between Norwegian and Russian territorial
w
waters.
Project Tiger was established in 1973. It
W
was one of the most significant

Question: What is Climate Change?
conservation efforts launched in India to
Answer:
protect tigers. It was the first project of its
Climate change encompasses long-term
kind in India to maintain the population of
changes in temperatures and weather
tigers and protect them from poaching and
patterns, which can be both natural and
other threats.
human-induced. However, since the 1800s,
human activities, particularly the burning of
Question: What is the National Tiger
fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have
Conservation Authority (NTCA)?
Answer: been the primary driver of climate change
by releasing heat-trapping gases into the
NTCA is a statutory body formed in 2005
atmosphere.
under the provisions of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act of 1972. It was established
on the recommendation of the Tiger Task (Source: The Hindu, 07/31/23)

Question: What is Monoculture? It is a low-inclination orbit which is also
Answer: called a Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit.
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of Satellites placed in it appear ‘Stationary’
growing a single crop, plant, or livestock because their orbital period is the same as
species, variety, or breed in a field or the earth’s rotation period. It generally
farming system at a time. Monocropping is houses communication satellites as it is
the practice of growing the same crop on easier for Earth antennas to track them
the same land year after year. without rotation
Question: What is meant by rock Question: What is INSAT-3DS?

outcrops? Answer:
om
Answer: It is an operational meteorology mission
Rock outcrops are defined as visible operated by IMD and ISRO that will be
exposures of bedrock or other geologic launched into a geostationary orbit. It is the
formations at the surface of the Earth. seventh unit of the INSAT-3 series which
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will weigh 2060 Kg at launch.
Question: What are western ghats? ap
Answer:
The Western Ghats are a chain of (Source: The Hindu, 07/29/2023)
mountains running parallel to India’s
m
Question: What is the Indo-Pacific region?
western coast, approximately 30-50 km Answer:
inland, the Ghats traverse the States of
m
The Indo-Pacific region refers to the Indian

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Ocean, the western and central Pacific
Maharashtra and Gujarat. These mountains
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Oceans, and the seas between them. It is a

cover an area of around 140,000 km² in a geopolitical term that was developed to
1,600 km long stretch that is interrupted replace the term "Asia-Pacific”.It extends
.e
only by the 30 km Palghat Gap at around from Africa's east shore to America's west
11°N. Older than the great Himalayan coast.
w
mountain chain, the Western Ghats of India

are a geomorphic feature of immense global Question: What is the RCEP?
w
importance. Answer:
RCEP is a trade agreement involving 15
W
countries in the Asia-Pacific region

including the 10 member states of the
Question: What is a near-equatorial orbit? Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Answer: (ASEAN). It aims to create a regional free
A near-equatorial orbit is an orbit that lies trade area, covering a significant portion of
close to the equatorial plane of the orbited the global economy, and is one of the
object. It has a near 0° inclination. On Earth, largest trade agreements in the world.
such orbits lie on the celestial equator (Source: The Hindu, 07/31/2023)
which is an imaginary celestial sphere on
Question: What are the Five Interested
the same plane as Earth’s equator.
Parties?
Question: What is a geostationary orbit? Answer:
Answer: The Five Interested Parties or FIPs are also
known as the Five or the Quint. It includes

Australia, Brazil, the EU, India, and the US, Cryptocurrency is decentralized digital
who have been meeting since 2004 to try to money that is based on blockchain
break the deadlock in agriculture. technology and secured by cryptography.
Question: What is the turnaround time? Question: What is Blockchain?

Answer: Answer:
In maritime travel, the duration between the Blockchain is a shared, immutable ledger
arrival of a vessel and its departure is for recording transactions, tracking assets
referred to as the turnaround time. It is a and building trust.
metric that measures the fighting
preparedness of a navy. Question: What are Zero-knowledge
proofs (ZKPs)?
om
Answer:
(Source: The Hindu, 07/31/23) Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are a
Question: What is Mob Lynching? cryptographic method used to prove
.c
Answer: knowledge about a piece of data, without
Mob lynching is when common people take revealing the data itself.
ap
the law into their own hands, violating
human rights by killing others without due
m
process. It is caused by intolerance, biases,
vigilantism, and a lack of speedy justice.
m
Question: What is the National Federation

of Indian Women (NFIW)?
xa
Answer:
The National Federation of Indian Women is
.e
a women's organisation in India, the

women's wing of the Communist Party of
w
India. It was established in 1954 June 4 by

several leaders from Mahila Atma Raksha
w
Samiti including Aruna Asaf Ali.

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Question: What is the Tehseen Poonawala

Judgment?
Answer:
The Supreme Court, under Justice Dipak
Misra, emphasized that it is the state's duty
to protect its citizens. The judgment
condemned incidents of lynchings and their
glorification on social media, questioning
whether tolerance and diversity values
were eroding.
Question: What is Cryptocurrency?

Answer:

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(Source: The Hindu, 07/02/2023) (Source: Down To Earth, 06/30/2023)

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Question: What is Nirbhaya fund?

Following the tragedy of December 2012, (REE)?

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Question: What is the Protection of • It is essential for the functioning of

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through Functional Household Tap Answer:

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