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Bce 222 Sim SDL Manual - 4
Bce 222 Sim SDL Manual - 4
UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO
College of Engineering Education
Civil Engineering Program
THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR REPRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE
USE OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.
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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133
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College of Engineering Education
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Telefax: (082) 296-1084
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CEE
Frida Santa O. Dagatan
cee@umindanao.edu.ph
09562082442
082-2272902
GSTC
Ronadora E. Deala, RPsy, RPm, RGC, LPT
ronadora_deala@umindanao.edu.ph
09212122846
Silvino P. Josol
gstcmain@umindanao.edu.ph
09060757721
CC’s Voice: Hello future engineer! Welcome to this course BCE 222 - (Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies). By now, I am confident that you really wanted to become a
civil engineer. Thus, by taking this subject, you will be equipped with the
necessary knowledge needed for all further structural subjects of Civil like
structural analysis and structural design. The application of Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies also includes other subjects like geotechnical engineering,
transportation engineering. You must be able to master this subject since this is
a basic subject for advanced civil engineering courses.
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Big Picture in Focus: ULO-4. You are expected to develop a working knowledge
and understanding on concepts of shear and bending moment diagrams which
includes the following:
a. Formulation of shear and moment equation of beams.
b. Construct shear and moment diagrams in beams.
Metalanguage
These are the frequent terms that you may encounter as you go along the course:
Essential Knowledge
Beams refer to a refers to a slender bar that carries transverse loading; that is, the applied
forces are perpendicular to the bar. In a beam, the internal force system consists of a shear force
and a bending moment acting on the cross section of the bar. The internal forces give rise to two
kinds of stresses on a transverse section of a beam: (1) normal stress that is caused by the bending
moment and (2) shear stress due to the shear force.
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Beams
Moment in Beams
Shear in Beams
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Simply Supported
Beam
Overhanging Beam
Propped Cantilever
Beam
[indeterminate beams]
Fixed or Restrained
Beams
[indeterminate beams]
Continuous Beams
[indeterminate beams]
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The goal of beam analysis is more involved—we want to determine the shear force V
and the bending moment M at every cross section of the beam. To accomplish this task, we must
derive the expressions for V and M in terms of the distance x measured along the beam. By
plotting these expressions to scale, we obtain the shear force and bending moment diagrams for
the beam.
The shear force and bending moment diagrams are convenient visual references to the
internal forces in a beam; in particular, they identify the maximum values of V and M.
Positive Negative
External
Loads
Shear
Force
Bending
Moment
Procedure for determining shear force and bending moment diagrams by equation:
The following is a general procedure for obtaining shear force and bending moment diagrams of
a statically determinate beam:
1. Compute the support reactions from the FBD of the entire beam.
2. Divide the beam into segments so that the loading within each segment is continuous. Thus,
the end-points of the segments are discontinuities of loading, including concentrated loads
and couples. Introduce an imaginary cutting plane within the segment, located at a distance
x from the left end of the beam, that cuts the beam into two parts.
3. Draw an FBD for the part of the beam lying either to the left or to the right of the cutting
plane, whichever is more convenient. At the cut section, show V and M acting in their
positive directions.
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4. Determine the expressions for V and M from the equilibrium equations obtainable from the
5. FBD. These expressions, which are usually functions of x, are the shear force and bending
moment equations for the segment.
6. Plot the expressions for V and M for the segment. It is visually desirable to draw the V-
diagram below the FBD of the entire beam, and then draw the M-diagram below the V-
diagram.
Example 2b-1. The simply supported beam in the figure carries two concentrated loads.
Derive the expressions for the shear force and the bending moment for each segment of the
beam and draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams. Neglect the weight of the beam.
a. Determine the location of the point of contraflexure from the leftmost support.
b. What is the shear value at 𝑥 = 1 m?
c. What is the shear value at 𝑥 = 4 m?
d. What is the moment value at 𝑥 = 3.5 m?
e. What is the moment value at 𝑥 = 6 m?
Solution:
Step 1. Determine the support reactions in the beam.
∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0 𝐶𝑊+:
𝐴𝑦 (7) = 14(5) + 28(2)
𝐴𝑦 = 18 kN
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 𝐶𝐶𝑊+:
𝐷𝑦 (7) = 14(2) + 28(5)
𝐷𝑦 = 24 kN
Step 2. Divide the beam into segments so that the loading within each segment is
continuous.
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Step 3. Draw an FBD for the part of the beam lying either to the left or to the right of the
cutting plane, whichever is more convenient. At the cut section, show V and M acting in
their positive directions.
@ A: 𝒙=𝟎
V equation:
𝑉𝐴 = 𝑅𝐴 = 18 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
𝑀𝐴 = 0
V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 18 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑉 = 18 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 + : 18𝑥 − 𝑀 = 0
𝑀 = 18𝑥
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@ B: 𝒙=𝟐
V equation:
𝑉𝐵 = 18 − 14 = 4 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
𝑀𝐵 = 18(2) = 36 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 18 − 14 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑉 = 4 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
V equation:
𝑉𝐶 = 4 − 28 = −24 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
𝑀𝐶 = 18(5) − 14(3) = 48 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
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V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 18 − 14 − 28 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑉 = −24 𝑘𝑁
M equation:
V equation:
𝑉𝐷 = −24 + 𝑅𝐷 = −24 + 24 = 0
M equation:
Step 4. Plot the Shear and Moment Diagram using the Shear and Moment Equations as
guide:
For Shear Diagram: For Moment Diagram:
At A when 𝑥 = 0: At A when 𝑥 = 0:
𝑉𝐴 = 18 𝑘𝑁 𝑀𝐴 = 0
when 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2: when 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑉 = 18 𝑘𝑁 𝑀 = 18𝑥 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
At B when 𝑥 = 2: At B when 𝑥 = 2:
𝑉𝐵 = 4 𝑘𝑁 𝑀𝐵 = 36 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
when 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5: when 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5:
𝑉 = 4 𝑘𝑁 𝑀 = 18𝑥 − 14(𝑥 − 2)
At C when 𝑥 = 5: At C when 𝑥 = 5:
𝑉𝐶 = −24 𝑘𝑁 𝑀𝐶 = 48 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
when 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7: when 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7:
𝑉 = −24 𝑘𝑁 𝑀 = 18𝑥 − 14(𝑥 − 2) −
28(𝑥 − 5)
At D when 𝑥 = 7:
𝑉𝐷 = 0 At D when 𝑥 = 7:
𝑀𝐷 = 0
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Questions:
a. What is the location of the point of contraflexure from the leftmost support?
Answer: Point of contraflexure is the point where the moment diagram approaches to
zero value. From the diagram there is none, so no point of contraflexure.
Answer: 𝑥 = 1 falls in the range: 0 < 𝑥 < 2 so use the shear equation of that range:
𝑉 = 18 𝑘𝑁
Answer: 𝑥 = 4 falls in the range: 2 < 𝑥 < 5 so use the shear equation of that range:
𝑉 = 4 𝑘𝑁
Answer: 𝑥 = 3.5 falls in the range: 2 < 𝑥 < 5 so use the moment equation of that
range:
𝑀 = 18𝑥 − 14(𝑥 − 2)
Substitute 𝑥 = 3.5:
Checking by Geometry:
𝑴𝟑.𝟓
1.5m
2m 3m 2m
2m
𝑀3.5 − 36 48 − 36
=
1.5 3
𝑴𝟑.𝟓 = 𝟒𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
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Answer: 𝑥 = 6 falls in the range: 5 < 𝑥 < 7 so use the moment equation of that range:
Checking by Geometry:
𝑴𝟔
2m 3m 2m
6m 1m
𝑀6 − 0 48 − 0
=
1 2
𝑴𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
Example 2b-2. The cantilever beam carries load as shown. Draw the Shear and Moment
Diagram.
a. What are the shear and moment values at 4 m from the fixed support?
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∑ 𝐹𝑦 =↑ +:
𝐴𝑦 − 50 − 10(5) = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 100 𝑙𝑏
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 𝐶𝐶𝑊+:
𝑀𝐴 − 50(2) − 10(5)(2.5) = 0
𝑀𝐴 = 225 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
Step 2. Divide the beam into segments so that the loading within each segment is
continuous.
Step 3. Draw an FBD for the part of the beam lying either to the left or to the right of the
cutting plane, whichever is more convenient. At the cut section, show V and M acting in
their positive directions.
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@ A: 𝒙=𝟎
V equation:
𝑉𝐴 = 𝑅𝐴 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
M equation:
𝑀𝐴 = −𝟐𝟐𝟓 lb-ft
V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 100 − 10(𝑥) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎(𝒙) 𝒍𝒃
M equation:
𝑥
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 + : 100(𝑥) − 𝑀𝐴 − 10(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
𝑥
100(𝑥) − 225 − 10(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
@ B: 𝒙=𝟐
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V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 100 − 10(2) − 50 − 𝑉𝐵 = 0
𝑉𝐵 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒍𝒃
M equation:
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 + : 100(2) − 10(2)(1) − 225 − 𝑀𝐵 = 0
𝑀𝐵 = −𝟒𝟓 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕
V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 100 − 50 − 10(𝑥) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 lb
M equation:
𝑥
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 + : 100𝑥 − 225 − 50(𝑥 − 2) − 10(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
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V equation:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +: 100 − 50 − 10(5) − 𝑉𝐶 = 0
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎
M equation:
5
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 + : 100(5) − 225 − 50(5 − 2) − 10(5) ( ) − 𝑀𝐶 = 0
2
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎
Question:
At 𝟐<𝒙<𝟓
𝑉 = 50 − 10𝑥 lb
𝑉 = 50 − 10(4) = 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒃 Ans.
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2nd degree
not same slope
Checking:
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30 𝑉4
=
3 1
𝑉4 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑉4 = −𝟓 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕
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Example 2b-3. The overhanging beam carries a load as shown. Determine the maximum
positive moment and maximum negative moment acting on the beam. Locate also the first point
of contraflexure from the leftmost part of the beam.
∑ 𝑀𝐸 = 0 𝐶𝑊+:
𝐵𝑦 (8) − 15(6)(3 + 6) − 90(6) + 30 = 0
𝐵𝑦 = 165 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 𝐶𝐶𝑊+:
𝐸𝑦 (8) + 15(4)(2) − 15(2)(1) − 90(2) − 30 = 0
𝐸𝑦 = 15 𝑘𝑁
Step 2. Divide the beam into segments so that the loading within each segment is
continuous.
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@𝑨 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑽𝑨 = 𝟎
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎
𝟎<𝒙 <𝟒
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15𝑥 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = −𝟏𝟓𝒙
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥
−15𝑥 ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
𝑴 = −𝟕. 𝟓𝒙𝟐
@𝑩 𝒙 = 𝟒
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∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(4) + 165 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
4
−15(4) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
𝑴𝑩 = −𝟏𝟐𝟎 kN-m
𝟒<𝒙 <𝟔
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(𝑥) + 165 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥
−15𝑥 ( ) + 165(𝑥 − 4) − 𝑀 = 0
2
𝑴 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟒) − 𝟕. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 kN-m
@𝑪 𝒙 = 𝟔
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∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(6) + 165 − 90 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽𝑪 = −𝟏𝟓 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
6
-15(6) (2) + 165(6 − 4) − 𝑀 = 0
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎 kN-m
𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟎
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(𝑥) + 165 − 90 + 15(𝑥 − 6) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓(𝒙) + 𝟏𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟔) kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥 𝑥−6
−15𝑥 ( ) + 165(𝑥 − 4) − 90(𝑥 − 6) + 15(𝑥 − 6) ( )−𝑀 =0
2 2
@𝑫 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
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∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(6) + 165 − 90 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽𝑫 = −𝟏𝟓 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
−15(6)(3 + 4) + 165(6) − 90(4) + 30 − 𝑀 = 0
𝑴 = 𝟑𝟎 kN-m
𝟏𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟐
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(𝑥) + 165 − 90 + 15(𝑥 − 6) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓(𝒙) + 𝟏𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟔) kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥 𝑥−6
−15𝑥 ( ) + 165(𝑥 − 4) + 30 − 90(𝑥 − 6) + 15(𝑥 − 6) ( )−𝑀 = 0
2 2
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@𝑬 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
−15(6) + 165 − 90 + 15 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽𝑬 = 𝟎
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
−15(6)(3 + 6) + 165(8) − 90(6) + 30 − 𝑀 = 0
𝑴𝑬 = 𝟎
Questions:
𝑴+𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 Ans.
Location of the first point of contraflexure from the leftmost support of the beam:
𝑀 = 165(𝑥 − 4) − 7.5𝑥 2 = 0
𝒙 = 𝒙𝒑 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝒎 Ans.
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𝟏°
𝟐°
𝟐°
Example 2b-4. The overhanging beam carries a load as shown. Determine the maximum
positive moment and maximum negative moment acting on the beam. Locate also the point of
zero shear.
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𝑦 = 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 𝐶𝐶𝑊+:
1 1
𝐵𝑦 (4) − (30)(6) ( (6)) = 0
2 3
𝐵𝑦 = 45 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 𝐶𝐶𝑊+:
1 2 1 1
𝐴𝑦 (4) − ( ) (30 − 10)(4) ( (4)) − 10(4)(2) + (10)(2) ( (2)) = 0
2 3 2 3
𝐴𝑦 = 45 𝑘𝑁
Step 2. Divide the beam into segments so that the loading within each segment is
continuous.
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@𝑨 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑽𝑨 = 𝑹𝑨 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎
𝟎<𝒙 <𝟒
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
45 − (30 − 𝑦)(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑥) − 𝑉 = 0
2
Since there is 𝑦, we must express it in terms of x:
30 𝑦
=
6 6−𝑥
𝑦 = 5(6 − 𝑥)
Thus:
1
45 − (30 − 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥) − 5(6 − 𝑥)(𝑥) − 𝑉 = 0
2
𝑽 = 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟐. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙(𝟔 − 𝒙) 𝒌𝑵
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
1 2 𝑥
45𝑥 − (30 − 𝑦)(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2 3 2
1 2 𝑥
45𝑥 − (30 − 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥) − 5(6 − 𝑥)(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2 3 2
𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟒𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 (𝒙𝟑 ) − 𝟐. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 (𝟔 − 𝒙) 𝒌𝑵-m
@𝑩 𝒙 = 𝟒
𝑦 = 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
45 − (30 − 10)(4) − 10(4) + 45 − 𝑉 = 0
2
𝑽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
1 2 4
45(4) − (30 − 10)(4) ( (4)) − 10(4) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2 3 2
𝟐𝟎
𝑴𝑩 = − 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟑
𝟒<𝒙<𝟔
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
45 − (30 − 𝑦)(𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑥) + 45 − 𝑉 = 0
2
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30 𝑦
=
6 6−𝑥
𝑦 = 5(6 − 𝑥)
1
45 − (30 − 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥) − 5(6 − 𝑥)(𝑥) + 45 − 𝑉 = 0
2
𝑽 = 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟐. 𝟓(𝒙𝟐 ) − 𝟓𝒙(𝟔 − 𝒙)
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
1 2 𝑥
45𝑥 − (30 − 𝑦)(𝑥) ( 𝑥) − 𝑦(𝑥) ( ) + 45(𝑥 − 4) − 𝑀 = 0
2 3 2
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑦 = 5(6 − 𝑥)
1 2 𝑥
𝑀 = 45𝑥 − (30 − 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥) ( 𝑥) − 5(6 − 𝑥)(𝑥) ( ) + 45(𝑥 − 4)
2 3 2
𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟒𝟓𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 (𝟔 − 𝒙) + 𝟒𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝟑
@𝑪 𝒙=𝟔
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
45 − (30)(6) + 45 − 𝑉 = 0
2
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
1 2
45(6) − (30)(6) ( (6)) + 45(2) − 𝑀 = 0
2 3
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎
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𝟐°
𝟑°
Questions:
𝑉 = 45 − 2.5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥(6 − 𝑥) = 0
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝒎 Ans.
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Example 2b-5. If the reaction at A in the propped beam is 50 kN, draw the Shear and Moment
equations and locate the zero shear and point of contraflexure.
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
𝐴𝑦 − (20)(5) − (40 − 20)(3) + 𝐶𝑦 = 0
2
𝐶𝑦 = 80 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑀𝑐 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
1 1
50(5) − (20)(5)(2.5) − (40 − 20)(3) ( (3)) + 𝑀𝐶 = 0
2 3
𝑀𝐶 = 30 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
• Cut the beam into sections and derive the expressions for Shear and Moment at each
interval.
@A 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑽𝑨 = 𝑹𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟎
𝟎 <𝒙 <𝟐
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∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
50 − 20𝑥 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 ↑ 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥
50𝑥 − 20𝑥 ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
@B 𝒙 = 𝟐
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
50 − 20(2) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟎 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 ↑ 𝐶𝑊 +
2
50(2) − 20(2) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2
𝑴 = 𝟔𝟎 kN-m
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𝟐<𝒙<𝟓
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
50 − 20𝑥 − (𝑦 − 20)(𝑥 − 2) − 𝑉 = 0
2
1
𝑉 = 50 − 20𝑥 − 2 (𝑦 − 20)(𝑥 − 2)
20 40
=
𝑎+2 𝑎+2+3
𝑎 =1𝑚
Express y in terms of x:
𝑦 20
=
𝑎+𝑥 𝑎+2
𝑦 20
=
1+𝑥 1+2
20
𝑦= (1 + 𝑥)
3
𝟏 𝟐𝟎
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 − ( (𝟏 + 𝒙) − 𝟐𝟎) (𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟑
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥 1 1
50𝑥 − 20𝑥 ( ) − (𝑦 − 20)(𝑥 − 2) ( (𝑥 − 2)) − 𝑀 = 0
2 2 3
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20
Since 𝑦 = 3
(1 + 𝑥),
𝟏 𝟐𝟎 𝟏
𝑴 = 𝟓𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 − ( (𝟏 + 𝒙) − 𝟐𝟎) (𝒙 − 𝟐) ( (𝒙 − 𝟐))
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
@𝑪 𝒙 =𝟓
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +
1
50 − 20(5) − (40 − 20)(3) + 80 − 𝑉 = 0
2
𝑽=𝟎
∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
5 1 1
50(5) − 20(5) ( ) − (40 − 20)(3) ( (3)) + 30 − 𝑀 = 0
2 2 3
𝑴=𝟎
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1 20
𝑉 = 50 − 20𝑥 − ( (1 + 𝑥) − 20) (𝑥 − 2) = 𝟎
2 3
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟔𝟒 𝒎 Ans.
𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟓 𝒎 Ans.
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*Pytel, A., Kiusalaas J. (2010). Mechanics of Materials. Phil. Edition, Cengage Learning
*R. C. Hibbeler (2008). Mechanics of Materials. (7th Ed). Pearson Prentice Hall
Let’s Check!
For the beam shown, derive the expressions for V and M, and draw the shear force and bending
moment diagrams. Neglect the weight of the beam.
𝑘𝑁
1. 𝑤0 = 50 𝑚
;𝐿 = 10 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
2. 𝑤0 = 50 𝑚
;𝐿 = 10 𝑚
3.
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4.
Let’s Analyze!
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In a Nutshell!
1.
2.
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3.
Procedure for determining shear force and bending moment diagrams by area method:
Useful relationships between the loading, shear force, and bending moment can be
derived from the equilibrium equations. These relationships enable us to plot the shear force
diagram directly from the load diagram, and then construct the bending moment diagram from
the shear force diagram.
−𝒅𝑽
𝒘=
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑉 = −𝑤𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝐵 𝑥𝐵
∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ −𝑤𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝐴 𝑥𝐴
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𝒙𝑩
𝑽𝑩 − 𝑽𝑨 = ∫ −𝒘𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝑨
𝑥
𝑉𝐵 − 𝑉𝐴 = −(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
𝑥
𝑉𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 −(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
Note: if 𝑥𝐵 > 𝑥𝐴
𝒅𝑴
𝑽=
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑀 = 𝑉𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝐵 𝑥𝐵
∫ 𝑑𝑀 = ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝐴 𝑥𝐴
𝒙𝑩
𝑴𝑩 − 𝑴𝑨 = ∫ 𝑽𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝑨
𝑥
𝑀𝐵 − 𝑀𝐴 = (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
𝑥
𝑀𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
• The following steps outline the procedure for constructing shear force and bending
moment diagrams by the area method.
• Compute the support reactions from the FBD of the entire beam. Draw the load diagram
of the beam (which is essentially a FBD) showing the values of the loads, including the
support reactions. Use the sign conventions to determine the correct sign of each load.
• Working from left to right, construct the V- and M-diagrams for each segment of the
beam. When you reach the right end of the beam, check to see whether the computed
values of V and M are consistent with the end conditions. If they are not, you have made
an error in the computations.
Example 2b-6. The simply supported beam in the figure carries two concentrated loads. Draw
the shear force and bending moment diagrams using Area Method. Neglect the weight of the
beam.
a. Determine the location of the point of contraflexure from the leftmost support.
b. What is the shear value at 𝑥 = 1 m?
c. What is the shear value at 𝑥 = 4 m?
d. What is the moment value at 𝑥 = 3.5 m?
e. What is the moment value at 𝑥 = 6 m?
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐴𝑦 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 18 − 0 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴−𝐵 + (−14) = 18 − 14 = 𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 4 − 0 = 𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵−𝐶 + (−28) = 4 − 28 = −𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐶−𝐷 = 𝑉𝐶 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐶𝐷 = −24 − 0 = −𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉𝐶−𝐷 + 𝐷𝑦 = −24 + 24 = 𝟎
𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝟎
𝑥
𝑀𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 0 + 18(2) = 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴−𝐵 + 0 = 36 + 0 = 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑥
𝑀𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑀𝐵 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 36 + 4(3) = 𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝐶 = 𝑀𝐵−𝐶 + 0 = 48 + 0 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑥
𝑀𝐶−𝐷 = 𝑀𝐶 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐶𝐷 = 48 + 0 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝐷 = 𝑀𝐶−𝐷 + 0 = 48 + (−24(2)) = 𝟎
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a. Determine the location of the point of contraflexure from the leftmost support.
none
𝑀𝑎𝑡 6 𝑚 = 48 + (−24)(1) = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵
Example 2b-7. The cantilever beam carries load as shown. Draw the Shear and Moment
Diagram.
a. What are the shear and moment values at 4 ft from the fixed support?
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐴𝑦 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑥
𝑉𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 100 − 10(2) = 𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴−𝐵 + (−50) = 80 − 50 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑥
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 30 − 10(3) = 𝟎
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵−𝐶 + 0 = 0 − 0 = 𝟎
𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐴 = −𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕
𝑥
𝑀𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
2 2
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐵 = ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (100 − 10𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 180 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
0 0
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5 5
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐶 = ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (100 − 50 − 10𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 45 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
2 2
𝑀𝐵−𝐶 = −45 + 45 = 𝟎
𝑀𝐶 = 𝑀𝐵−𝐶 + 0 = 0 + 0 = 𝟎
Question:
𝑀@ 4 𝑓𝑡 = 𝑀𝐵 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|42
4
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|42 = ∫2 (100 − 50 − 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 40
𝑀@ 4 𝑓𝑡 = −45 + 40 = −𝟓 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕
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2nd degree
not same slope
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Example 2b-8. The overhanging beam carries a load as shown. Determine the maximum
positive moment and maximum negative moment acting on the beam. Locate also the first point
of contraflexure from the leftmost part of the beam.
𝑉𝐴 = 𝟎
𝑥
𝑉𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 0 − 15(4) = −𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴−𝐵 + 𝐵𝑦 = −60 + 165 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 105 − 15(2) = 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵−𝐶 − 90 = 75 − 90 = −𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐶−𝐷 = 𝑉𝐶 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐶𝐷 = −15 − 0 = −𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉𝐶−𝐷 − 0 = −15 − 0 = −𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐷−𝐸 = 𝑉𝐷 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐷𝐸 = −15 − 0 = −𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐸 = 𝑉𝐷−𝐸 + 𝐸𝑦 = −15 + 15 = 𝟎
𝑀𝐴 = 𝟎
𝑥
𝑀𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
4
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐵 = ∫ (−15𝑥) = −120
0
6
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐶 = ∫ (165 − 15𝑥) = 180
4
10
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐶𝐷 = ∫ (165 − 90 − 15𝑥 + 15(𝑥 − 6)) = −60
6
𝑀𝐶−𝐷 = 60 + (−60) = 𝟎
𝑀𝐷 = 𝑀𝐶−𝐷 + 30 = 0 + 30 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑥
𝑀𝐷−𝐸 = 𝑀𝐷 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐷𝐸
12
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐷𝐸 = ∫ (165 − 90 − 15𝑥 + 15(𝑥 − 6)) = −30
10
𝑀𝐷−𝐸 = 30 + (−30) = 𝟎
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𝑀𝐸 = 𝑀𝐷−𝐸 + 0 = 0 + 0 = 𝟎
𝟏°
𝟐°
𝟐°
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𝑥
−120 + ∫ (165 − 15𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
4
15𝑥 2 15(42 )
−120 + [165𝑥 − − (165(4) − )] = 0
2 2
𝒙 = 𝒙𝒑 = 5.255 m
Example 2b-9. The overhanging beam carries a load as shown. Determine the maximum
positive moment and maximum negative moment acting on the beam. Locate also the point of
zero shear.
𝑦 = 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐴𝑦 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑥 4
𝑉𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 45 − ∫0 (−5𝑥 + 30) = −𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴−𝐵 + 𝐵𝑦 = −35 + 45 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
6
𝑥
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 10 − ∫ (−5𝑥 + 30) = 𝟎
4
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵−𝐶 − 0 = 0 − 0 = 𝟎
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𝟐°
𝟑°
−5𝑥 2
45 − [( 2
+ 30𝑥) − 0]=0
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝒎
𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝟎
𝑥
𝑀1.7574 = 𝑀𝐴 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴1.7574
1.7574 1.7574 1
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐴1.7574 = ∫0 𝑉𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 (45 − (30 + 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 = 37. 27922
2
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1
𝑉 = 45 − (30 + 𝑦)(𝑥) or
2
1
𝑉 = 45 − (30 + 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥)
2
30 𝑦
=
6 6−𝑥
𝑦 = 5(6 − 𝑥)
𝑥𝐵
𝑀1.7574−𝐵 = 𝑀1.7574 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥1.7574
4
1
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥1.7574
4
= ∫ (45 − (30 + 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 = − 43.94589
1.7574 2
−𝟐𝟎
𝑀1.7574−𝐵 = 37.27922 + (−43.94589) = −6.66667 ≈ 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟑
−20 −𝟐𝟎
𝑀𝐵 = +0= 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3 𝟑
𝑥 1
𝑀𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑀𝐵 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 𝑉 = 45 + 45 − (30 + 𝑦)(𝑥) or
2
1
𝑉 = 45 + 45 − (30 + 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥)
2
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6
1 20
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐶 = ∫ (45 + 45 − (30 + 5(6 − 𝑥))(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 = 6.6667 ≈
4 2 3
−20 20
𝑀𝐶 = + =𝟎
3 3
Questions:
𝑉 = 45 − 2.5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥(6 − 𝑥) = 0
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝒎 Ans.
Example 2b-10. If the reaction at A in the propped beam is 50 kN, draw the Shear and Moment
equations and locate the zero shear and point of contraflexure.
20 20
Determine the remaining reactions of the beam: 𝑦= 𝑥+
3 3
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐴𝑦 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑥
𝑉𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 50 − 20(2) = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴−𝐵 + 0 = 10 + 0 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑥 1
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 10 − [ (20 + 40)(3)] = −𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵
2
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵−𝐶 + 𝐶𝑦 = −80 + 80 = 𝟎
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40 𝑦
=
6 𝑥+1
20
𝑦= (𝑥 + 1)
3
𝑥
𝑉𝐵−𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 − (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵𝐶 = 0
1
10 − [ (20 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 2)] = 0
2
1 20
10 − [ (20 + (𝑥 + 1)) (𝑥 − 2)] = 0
2 3
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟔𝟒𝟏 𝒎
𝑀𝐴 = 𝟎
𝑥
𝑀𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐴𝐵
2
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐵 = ∫ (50 − 20𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 60
0
𝑀𝐴−𝐵 = 0 + 60 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐴−𝐵 + 0 = 60 + 0 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑥
𝑀2.464 = 𝑀𝐵 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵2.464
2.464
1
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐵2.464 = ∫ ((50 − 20𝑥 − (𝑦 − 20)(𝑥)) (𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
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2.464
1 20
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥𝐵2.464 = ∫ ((50 − 20𝑥 − ( (𝑥 + 1) − 20) (𝑥 − 2))) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 3
𝑥
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝐵2.464 = 2.37604
5
1 20
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥2.464
𝐶
=∫ ((50 − 20𝑥 − ( (𝑥 + 1) − 20) (𝑥 − 2))) 𝑑𝑥
2.464 2 3
(𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥𝑥2.464
𝐶
= −92. 37604
𝑀𝐶 = −30 + 30 = 𝟎
Point of contraflexure:
𝑥𝐶
𝑀2.464−𝐶 = 62.37604 + (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚)|𝑥2.464 =0
𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟓 𝒎 Ans.
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*Pytel, A., Kiusalaas J. (2010). Mechanics of Materials. Phil. Edition, Cengage Learning
*R. C. Hibbeler (2008). Mechanics of Materials. (7th Ed). Pearson Prentice Hall
Let’s Check!
Activity
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𝑘𝑁
1. 𝑤0 = 50 𝑚
;𝐿 = 10 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
2. 𝑤0 = 50 ;𝐿 = 10 𝑚
𝑚
3.
4.
Let’s Analyze!
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In a Nutshell!
1.
2.
3.
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