TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE PHILIPPINES Type 1: MOST PRESCRIBED MEDICINES AROUND THE

1. Ischemic heart disease ● Cannot produce insulin on the body. WORLD AND THEIR USES
2. Cerebrovascular Disease ● Developed at a young age.
3. Neoplasms ● DOC Insulin (SC) 1. Hydrocodone: severe pain
4. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: ● Active ingredient for pain meds
5. Hypertensive Disease ● Insulin is present but is not utilized properly. ● Not rx but controlled drug
6. Pneumonia ● Developed at an older age. ● Yellow prescription- triplicate copy
7. Other Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Dx) ● DOC Metformin. ○ Original copy- Pharmacist
8. Chronic Respiratory Disease (e.g. COPD) ○ Second copy- Patient
Type 3: Gestational
9. Disease of the genitourinary system (eg. UTI, kidney dx) ○ Third copy- Physician
10. Respiratory tuberculosis ● Last resort used for pain: Addicting
5. Hypertensive Disease (Hypertension HTN)
11. COVID ● Antitussive- for dry cough. Mucolytics are for
● High blood pressure is a common condition that
affects the body's arteries. It is also called productive coughs with phlegm.
1. Ischemic Heart Disease – A cardiovascular heart ● White prescription but triplicate: alprazolam (xenor),
hypertension. If you have high blood pressure, the
disease clonazepam , diazepam (valium)
force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is
● Ischemic (also ischaemic) heart disease was the
consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to
leading cause of death among males with 58,233 or 2. Metformin
pump blood.
16.4% of the total registered deaths and seen similar ● Tx of:
● In the NCS RisC study, hypertensive individuals
to males as the top cause of deaths among females ○ Type 2 diabetes
doubled from 331 to 626 million women and 317 to
contributing to 39,242 or 14.8% ○ PCOS
652 million men from 1990 to 2019. The Philippine
● Risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity,
hypertension prevalence from 23% in 2015 will merely
tobacco use, age and heredity give rise to 3. Losartan
increase to 28% in 2050.
intermediate-risk factors such as raised blood ● For the tx of HTN
Ventricular Contraction: Systolic
pressure, raised blood glucose, unhealthy lipid ● Used to decrease risk of stroke in pt with high blood
Ventricular Relaxation: Diastolic
profiles, and obesity. pressure or enlargement of the heart
● Blood supply is insufficient due to blockage. Arteries Blood Pressure Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic ● Class: ARB
cannot deliver oxygen rich blood to the heart due to Category (mmHg) ● Checkup every 3 months with lab results if
blockage in blood vessels. Healthy Less than 120 and less than 80 maintenance must be continued or not.
● Also known as Coronary Heart Disease Elevated 120-129 and less than 80
● According to the Philippine statistics authority, IHD is Stage 1 HTN 130-139 or 80-89 4. Antibiotics
the leading cause of death. Stage 2 HTN 140 or higher or 90 or higher ● Alexander Flemming – Penicillin.
● First Line Drug – Beta Blockers Hypertension crisis over 180 or over 120 ● Tx of illnesses caused by bacterial infection
○ Cannot be given to those with Asthma (it triggers ● Cough or colds are viral, therefore it should not be
asthma) 6. Pneumonia treated with antibiotics
● Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in
2. Cerebrovascular Disease one or both lungs. 5. Albuterol
● Includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is ● Most common causes of Pneumonia in adult: ● Treatment of asthma attacks
temporarily or permanently affected by ischemia or Rhinovirus (common cold) and influenza virus (flu) ● It helps relax the muscles in the airways for easier
bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood ● Most common cause in young/children: Respiratory breathing.
vessels are involved in the pathological process. syncytial virus (RSV) ● AKA salbutamol
Affects the brain
● Affects the blood flow to the brain 7. Other Heart Disease 6. Antihistamines
● There are two main types of stroke, each having their ● Based on the PSA data released on February 22, ● Treatment of symptoms of most allergies
own set of causes: 125,913 or 17.9 % of the total deaths during the said ● IgE: allergy
○ Ischemic stroke which is caused by blockage of a period died of ischemic heart disease followed by ● IgM: mauuna
blood vessel in the brain due to 1) dislodged blood cerebrovascular disease (68,180 or 9.7%).
clots in the blood stream originating from ● Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death 7. Gabapentin
elsewhere, or 2) plaques made of fat. for Filipinos, accounting for about 32% of all Filipino ● anticonvulsant and antiepileptic
Ischemic Stroke: Blockage deaths. ● To prevent and control seizures or relieve nerve pain
○ Hemorrhagic stroke which is caused by ○ Plaque building in the wall of arteries consisted of following shingles (rash caused by viral infection) in
accumulation of blood in the brain due to bursting or cholesterol deposits adults
rupture of blood vessel/s.
Hemorrhagic: Rupture or Bursting of Blood 8. Chronic Respiratory Disease: 8. Omeprazole
Vessels ● Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) affect the airways ● Proton pump inhibitor
● Various factors can increase the risk of having a and other structures of the lungs. ● First line: Peptic Ulcer or GERD
stroke, including Diabetes, family history of stroke, ● Some of the most common are chronic obstructive ● Reduces the amount of acid in the stomach
heart disease/high blood pressure, high cholesterol pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, occupational ● Used to treat indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux
levels, increasing age, drinking alcohol, cigarette lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension.
smoking, eating unhealthy food, lack of physical 9. Levothyroxine
activity 9. Disease of the genitourinary system ● Tx of underactive thyroid gland or hypothyroidism
● Problems that affect the urinary and genital tracts ● Thyroid hormone regulates heartbeat and calories,
3. Neoplasms (reproductive organs). affects weight loss and weight gain.
● An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells ● Include kidney failure, which may be caused by ● Replace the thyroid hormone called Thyroxine
grow and divide more than they should or do not die diabetes or high blood pressure. ● Enzymes release by thyroid
when they should. Cancer ● Examples: UTI and kidney disease - T3: Triiodothyronine
● Neoplasms may be: - T4: Thyroxine
○ Benign: Not Cancerous 10. Respiratory tuberculosis
○ Malignant: Cancerous ● RIPES: Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, 10. Atorvastatin:
Ethambutol, Streptomycin ● Tx of high cholesterol
4. Diabetes Mellitus ● HRZE: Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), ● Bad cholesterol: LDL (low density Lipoprotein) Lechon
● It is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of Ethambutol (E). de Leche
sugar in the blood (hyperglycemia) because of ● 6 months of treatment ● Increase good cholesterol HDL (high density
inadequate production and/or action of insulin, the ● Combination of HRZE: Fixcom 2,3,4 lipoprotein)
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. ● Red man syndrome, red secretion – Rifampicin
● Uncontrolled diabetes leads to serious complications ● Causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
such as stroke, heart attack, end-stage kidney disease
and diabetic retinopathy among others.
 LIST OF BEST SELLING OTC DRUGS
1. Upper respiratory remedies
● Stuffy nose
A. Decongestant
○ Oxymetazoline
○ Phenylephrine
B. Antihistamine
● Brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
● Chlorpheniramine
● Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
● Cetirizine
● Loratadine
○ 1st gen - Sedating: Diphenhydramine,
Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine
○ 2nd gen - Less sedating: Cetirizine and Loratadine
○ 3rd gen - Non sedating: Levocetirizine
● If patient has high blood, ask first before giving
decongestant and antihistamine
● To suppress your cough
○ Dextromethorphan – Antitussive
● To help thin mucus so it is easier to cough up
○ Guaifenesin – Mucolytic
8. Acne treatment
● Propionibacterium acnes - bacteria that causes
acne
● Benzoyl peroxide (can cause bleaching): 2.5%, 5%
and 10% (Equal in effectiveness & according to
research, Higher concentration is more expensive and
drying)
● Adapalene (Differin) – Retinol
● Salicylic Acid – 0.5% to 2% - Unclog pores
● Azelaic acid – Mild Antibacterial Formula + Unclog
pores. 10% Dosage strength.
9. Gas Relief
● Simethicone (Restime) – Relieves flatulence
10. Lice Treatment
● Pyrethrin (Licealiz) – Kills alive kuto only (lice)
● Permethrin (Kwell) - Kills alive kuto only (lice)
○ Permethrin 1% lotion – only approved FDA lotion
for treating head lice. Pinaka-official.

2. Oral analgesic
● Paracetamol: Antipyretic, analgesic
○ Can be given for pain for arthritis
● Ibuprofen, Naproxen – NSAIDs
● Mefenamic acid – OTC - 250 mg
Prescription - 500 mg

3. Heartburn
● Antacids
○ Gaviscon - Sodium Alginate, sodium carbonate,
calcium carbonate
○ Kremil S – Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium
Hydroxide and Simeticone
○ Magnesium Hydroxide – Cause Mgtatae (diarrhea)
● H2 Blockers – block acid secretion
○ Cimetidine
○ Famotidine

4. Laxative – Constipation
● Bulk forming – increasing weight or bulk stool:
stimulate bowel movement
○ Psyllium
○ Polycarbophil
○ Methylcellulose
● Osmotic Laxative – Osmotic effect, water from our
body softens the stool, kaya nakakalbas sa ating
katawan.
○ Lactulose
○ Polyethylene glycol
● Stimulant laxative – Bowel squeeze or contract para
mapalabas sa ating katawan.
○ Bisacodyl
○ Senna
● Stool softener – fluid mixed in stool para mapa-soft
○ Docusate

5. Eye Care
● Refresh tears, Visine tears, Systane - Lubricant;
Moisturize our eyes
● Visine original – Reduce redness in eyes
● Visine – A , Opcon-A: Antihistamine and
Decongestant.
● Opti-free and Re-nu: Remove foreign particles

6. Sleep Aids
● Melatonin: Most safe OTC drug for sleeping disorders
○ Sleepwell, Sleepacil

7. Anti-diarrheals
● Loperamide (Diatabs) : 4 mg or 2 tabs (2 mg/tab)
initially; then after each loose bowel, 2mg each not
exceeding 16mg.
● Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
● Probiotic