Test Bank For Basic Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 7th Edition

Test Bank for Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 7th Edition
Test Bank for Basic Statistics for the Behavioral

Sciences, 7th Edition
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Chapter 7: The Correlation Coefficient
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If you see the notation , what should you do?

a. First multiply each X by its partner Y, then sum the results.
b. First sum the Xs then multiply the sum of the Xs by each Y.
c. First sum the Ys, then multiply the sum of the Ys by each X.
d. First sum the Xs, then sum the Ys, then multiply the sums.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 136
2. If you see the notation , what should you do?

a. First multiply each X by its partner Y, then sum the results.
b. First sum the Xs, then sum the Ys, then multiply the results.
c. First sum the Xs, then multiply the result by each Y.
d. First sum the Ys, then multiply the result by each X.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 136
3. If there is a relationship between “income” and “happiness,” then as the amount of income increases,
the amount of happiness
a. also increases.
b. decreases.
c. stays the same.
d. changes in some consistent manner.
4. What does a correlation coefficient do?

a. It allows us to draw conclusions about whether one variable causes another variable.
b. It creates a correlational design, rather than an experimental design.
c. It quantifies the pattern in a relationship.
d. It summarizes the X scores and the Y scores separately.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 136
5. In an experimental design _____, whereas in a correlational design _____.

a. there is only one variable (the independent variable); there are two variables (X and Y)
b. there are two X variables; there are an X and a Y variable
c. researchers assign each person an X score and then measure the score on the Y variable;
researchers measure scores on variables that a participant has already experienced
d. researchers measure scores on variables that a participant has already experienced;
researchers assign each person an X score and then measure the score on the Y variable
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6. If we calculate a correlation coefficient and we find that there is a relationship between the two
variables, we
a. know that the data must be interval or ratio.
b. know, without referring to the study, that a correlational design was used.
c. can conclude that changes in one variable cause changes in the other variable.
d. cannot conclude that changes in one variable cause changes in the other variable.
7. Professor Johnston has found a strong positive correlation between wearing neckties and the frequency
of strokes (r = 0.89). He thinks that the necktie reduces blood flow to the brain, preventing the brain
from receiving enough oxygen. Professor Johnston and his associates claim to have proven that
wearing neckties causes strokes. What error has Professor Johnston made?
a. An r = 0.89 is not a very large r-value.
b. Professor Johnston is drawing a causal conclusion from correlational findings.
c. Not everyone who wears a necktie wears it very tight.
d. Professor Johnston should know that there are other ways for blood to reach the brain.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 137
8. Using a correlational design, a researcher found a relationship between the healthiness of one’s heart
and the amount of fish oil in one’s diet. The researcher should conclude that
a. a healthier heart causes one to consume more fish oil.
b. the amount of fish oil in one’s diet causes a healthier heart.
c. although a relationship exists, one cannot infer that changes in one variable are causing
changes in the other variable.
d. the availability of fish causes changes in both the healthiness of one’s heart and the
amount of fish oil consumed.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: p. 137
9. In a correlational analysis, N stands for the

a. total number of pairs of scores.
b. total number of X scores plus the total number of Y scores.
c. total number of X scores times the total number of Y scores.
d. total number of pairs of scores minus 2.
10. We should do a scatterplot of the data when we compute a correlation because the scatterplot allows us
to
a. see the relationship between the two variables.
b. determine the exact value of the correlation coefficient.
c. determine whether a relationship is likely to exist in the population from which the sample
is taken.
d. predict accurate Y scores for known X scores.
11. When plotting correlational data, the appropriate graph to use is the
a. line graph. c. histogram.
b. bar graph. d. scatterplot.
94
12. To know whether there is a relationship between two variables, you draw a line around the outer edges
of a scatterplot. If there is a negative relationship,
a. the scatterplot is simultaneously elliptical and circular.
b. the scatterplot is elliptical and is slanted upward (left to right).
c. the scatterplot is elliptical and is slanted downward (left to right).
d. the scatterplot is either circular or elliptical, and the ellipse is parallel to the X axis.
13. The best-fitting line through a scatterplot is known as the

a. scatterplot line. c. variance line.
b. correlation line. d. regression line.
14. In general, a positive correlation means that as the values of one variable _____, there is a tendency for
the values of the other variable to _____.
a. increase; increase c. increase; remain the same
b. increase; decrease d. decrease; increase
15. In a linear relationship, as the X scores increase, the Y scores change

a. in only one direction.
b. only in the negative direction.
c. only in the positive direction.
d. in the positive and then in the negative direction.
16. “The more you save, the less you spend” describes
a. a positive linear correlation. c. no correlation.
b. a negative linear correlation. d. a nonlinear correlation.
17. “The bigger they are, the harder they fall” describes
a. a positive linear correlation. c. no correlation.
b. a negative linear correlation. d. a nonlinear correlation.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p.140
95
18. What type of relationship does the following regression line represent?
a. A positive relationship c. A curvilinear relationship

b. A negative relationship d. No relationship
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p .140
19. “The self-confidence of a group of students is positively correlated with their chances of getting
through the course.” What does this statement mean?
a. The students will pass the course if they can be made to be self-confident.
b. The chances of passing the course tend to increase as the self-confidence scores of the
students increase.
c. The chances of passing the course tend to decrease as the self-confidence scores of the
students increase.
d. Passing the course will make the students self-confident.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 140

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 140
96
21. What kind of relationship is depicted in the following graph?
a. A positive linear correlation c. No correlation

b. A negative linear correlation d. A nonlinear correlation

23. In a nonlinear or curvilinear relationship, as the X scores change, the Y scores

a. tend to increase.
b. change consistently, but in more than one direction.
c. tend to be the same as the X scores.
d. do not change in a consistent fashion.
97

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 141
25. The strength of a relationship is indicated by the extent to which _____ paired with one and only one
individual value of the _____ variable.
a. many values of the Y variable are; X c. the entire range of the Y variable is; X
b. many values of the X variable are; Y d. one value of the Y variable is; X
26. Which of the following r-values indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.65 c. +0.10
b. −0.89 d. −0.10
27. Which of the following r-values indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.45 c. +0.03
b. −0.30 d. −0.45
28. Which relationship is stronger, r = +0.62 or r = –0.62?

a. An r = +0.62 represents a stronger relationship than r = –0.62.
b. An r = –0.62 represents a stronger relationship than r = +0.62.
c. There is no difference in the strength of the two relationships.
d. Without seeing a scatterplot of the data, there is no way to determine which is stronger.
98
29. Which of the following studies represents the weakest relationship?
a. Study A c. Study C
b. Study B d. Cannot determine
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: p. 142
30. When the correlation coefficient representing the relationship between X and Y is intermediate, then all
of the following are true except
a. there is not a perfectly consistent association.
b. there are different Y scores associated with a single X score.
c. prediction of Y from a known X score has some error.
d. all data points fall on the regression line.
31. A “weak” relationship between two variables is represented by

a. a small spread of Y scores at each X score.
b. a large spread of Y scores at each X score.
c. only one value of Y at each X score.
d. an equal spread of Y scores at each X score.
32. Professor Miller has found that the correlation between a person’s “need for affiliation” (found by
taking a test to determine the need to be with others) and the number of hours spent watching
television is −0.69. He should conclude that
a. as we observe people with higher and higher need for affiliation, we see a tendency for
those people to spend less and less time watching television.
b. there is not much of a relationship between the two variables because the r is negative.
c. as we observe people with higher and higher need for affiliation, we see a tendency for
those people to spend more and more time watching television.
d. the people who watch more television tend to have more need to be around others.
99
33. Professor Helgin has found that the correlation between the length of a person’s index finger and the
person’s IQ is −0.11. He should conclude that
a. as the length of the index finger goes up, there is a fairly strong tendency for a person to
have a lower IQ.
b. there is no relationship between the two variables because the r is negative.
c. we can be confident in predicting that people with high IQs will tend to have long index
fingers.
d. there is a very weak relationship between the length of the index finger and IQ because r is
nearly 0.
34. In general, a zero correlation means that

a. as the values of one variable increase, there is no tendency for the values of the other
variable to change in any consistent, predictable fashion.
b. as the values of one variable increase, there is a tendency for the values of the other
variable also to increase.
c. as the values of one variable increase, there is a tendency for the values of the other
variable to decrease.
d. as the values of one variable decrease, there is a tendency for the values of the other
variable also to decrease.

100

37. Which correlation coefficient should we use if we want to find out whether a relationship exists
between two variables that are both interval or ratio variables?
a. The Pearson correlation coefficient
b. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
c. The point-biserial correlation coefficient
d. The nonlinear correlation coefficient
38. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between years of education and
annual income?
39. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between hours spent
participating in sports and GPA?
101
40. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data.
Participant Reading Speed Number of Books

Test Score Read
(X) (Y)
1 9 6
2 16 7
3 24 10
4 12 5
5 5 2
6 18 8
a. −0.07 c. +0.49
b. +0.95 d. +0.23
41. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data, assuming X is an interval
variable and Y is a ratio variable.
Participant Reading Speed Number of Books

Test Score Read
(X) (Y)
1 0 1
2 2 3
3 1 0
4 3 1
5 4 4
6 5 6
a. −0.65 c. +0.40
b. +0.09 d. +0.59
Employee Number of Units Minutes Spent in

Produced Break Room
(X) (Y)
1 12 10
2 4 22
3 15 5
4 10 12
5 8 10
6 7 15
a. –0.92 c. –0.06
b. –0.37 d. +0.75
102
Employee Visits to Number of Units

Breakroom Produced
(X) (Y)
1 2 12
2 8 4
3 0 15
4 3 10
5 5 8
6 4 7
a. –0.97 c. +0.11
b. –0.39 d. +0.57
44. As a part of her Master’s Degree thesis in Geology, Candice needs to calculate a correlation coefficient
between the amount of rainfall (measured in inches) and the height of the ground water table
(measured in inches) in various parts of the continental U.S. Which formula should she use for this
calculation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: p. 148
between two variables that represent pairs of ordinal scores?
103
46. Suppose a researcher has trained two observers to rank participants according to their level of
frustration when trying to solve a puzzle. What statistic should be used to determine the extent to
which the two observers agree in their rankings of frustration?
47. What statistic should be used to find out whether there is a relationship between high school class rank
and first-semester college GPA rank?
between scores from one interval variable and one ordinal variable?
Runner Runner on Race Rank of Race

Preparedness Finish
Survey (Y)
(X)
1 6 6
2 3 1
3 4 4
4 5 5
5 2 3
6 1 2
a. –0.52 c. +0.83
b. +0.52 d. +0.94
104
50. Calculate the appropriate correlation coefficient for the following data
Employee Rank on Units Rank on Time in

Produced Break Room
(X) (Y)
1 2 4
2 5 1
3 1 6
4 3 2
5 2 5
6 4 3
a. –0.68 c. –0.41
b. +0.72 d. –0.93
51. If we compute a correlation on data that come only from the middle of the X distribution (restricted
range) rather than from the entire range, the correlation is likely to be _____ the correlation from the
entire range.
a. smaller than c. a little larger than
b. the same as d. a lot larger than
52. In a study about the relationship between their age and women’s attitudes about marriage, you survey
over 500 undergraduate women and calculate a Pearson correlation coefficient. What mistake have you
made?
a. You have collected too much data.
b. There is no way a woman’s attitude about marriage can affect her age.
c. You only surveyed young women in college causing a restriction of range.
d. You have used the wrong correlation coefficient the type of data.
105
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Test Bank for Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 7th Edition

Test Bank for Basic Statistics for the Behavioral

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

1. If you see the notation , what should you do?

2. If you see the notation , what should you do?

4. What does a correlation coefficient do?

5. In an experimental design _____, whereas in a correlational design _____.

9. In a correlational analysis, N stands for the

13. The best-fitting line through a scatterplot is known as the

15. In a linear relationship, as the X scores increase, the Y scores change

a. A positive relationship c. A curvilinear relationship

a. A positive relationship c. A curvilinear relationship

a. A positive linear correlation c. No correlation

22. What kind of relationship is depicted in the following graph?

a. A positive linear correlation c. No correlation

23. In a nonlinear or curvilinear relationship, as the X scores change, the Y scores

a. A positive linear correlation c. No correlation

28. Which relationship is stronger, r = +0.62 or r = –0.62?

31. A “weak” relationship between two variables is represented by

34. In general, a zero correlation means that

35. What kind of relationship is depicted in the following graph?

a. A positive linear correlation c. No correlation

a. A positive relationship c. A curvilinear relationship

Participant Reading Speed Number of Books

Participant Reading Speed Number of Books

Employee Number of Units Minutes Spent in

Employee Visits to Number of Units

ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: p. 148

Runner Runner on Race Rank of Race

Employee Rank on Units Rank on Time in

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5. In an experimental design _, whereas in a correlational design _.