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MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose, which carbon determines if the sugar is a D- or L-
stereoisomer?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: E PTS: 1
9. Which of the following is correctly paired with its most prevalent cyclization product?
a. fructose: pyranose
b. glucose: furanose
c. ribose: pyranose
d. galactose: does not cyclize
e. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1
10. As a result of mutarotation, D-glucose exists in all of the following forms EXCEPT:
a. L-glucopyranose.
b. -anomer.
c. free aldehyde.
d. -anomer.
e. all are true.
ANS: A PTS: 1
11. -D-glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature and it has
the following characteristics EXCEPT:
a. forms a six-membered ring.
b. carbon 6 is above the plane of the chair.
c. all of the −OH groups are equatorial.
d. the anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair.
e. all axial positions are occupied by −H.
ANS: D PTS: 1
13. Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have ____ levels of blood ____ so they test their
blood for ____.
a. elevated; fructose; gluconic acid
b. depressed; glucose; oxidizing sugars
c. elevated; glucose; fructose
d. depressed; gluconic acid; reducing sugars
e. elevated; glucose; reducing sugars
ANS: E PTS: 1
17. All of the following are parts of the honeybee's processing of honey EXCEPT:
a. producing a small amount of gluconic acid.
b. concentrating the sugars to a supersaturated state.
c. conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose.
d. conversion of most of the fructose to the -D-fructopyranose form.
e. producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup.
ANS: C PTS: 1
22. Which of the following explains why the disaccharide sucrose is not a reducing sugar?
a. the primary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to carboxylic acids
b. both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond
c. the glycosidic bond is in the configuration
d. it is composed of a furanose and a pyranose
e. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1
26. ____ is typical of the oligosaccharide components found in beans, etc., that are not digested in the
stomach, but are digested by bacteria in the intestines causing flatulence.
a. Melezitose
b. Amygdelin
c. Laetrile
d. Stachyose
e. Dextrantriose
ANS: D PTS: 1
27. Cellulose is homopolysaccharide composed of ______ linked together by ______ glycosidic bonds.
a. galactose; -(1→4)
b. galactose; -(1→4)
c. glucose; -(1→4)
d. glucose; -(1→4)
e. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1
29. Because osmotic pressure depends only on ____, the osmotic pressure is greatly reduced by formation
of polysaccharide molecules from monosaccharide molecules.
a. molecular weight
b. number of hydroxyl groups
c. numbers of molecules
d. numbers of hydrogen bonds
e. none are true
ANS: C PTS: 1
32. The enzymes -amylase and -amylase can cleave the ____ bonds of amylopectin but not the ____
bonds.
a. (1→6)-; (1→4)-
b. (1→6)-; (1→4)-
c. (1→4)-; (1→4)-
d. (1→4)-; (1→6)-
e. (1→6)-; (1→4)-
ANS: D PTS: 1
33. ____ is an enzyme found in liver and muscle tissue used to catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycogen to
____.
a. (1→6)-Glucosidase; glucose-1-phosphate
b. -Amylase; glucose-1-phosphate
c. -Amylase; glucose
d. Glycogen maltase; maltose
e. Glycogen phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate
ANS: E PTS: 1
34. All of the following statements about the nature of glycogen are true EXCEPT:
a. It is a polysaccharide used for storage.
b. It is a branched polymer of linked glucose residues.
c. It has all non-reducing ends.
d. The highly branched structure allows the rapid mobilization of glucose during metabolic
need.
e. It is found primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.
ANS: C PTS: 1
38. Cellulose is extremely resistant to hydrolysis, but cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis and comes from:
a. the pancreas.
b. bacteria that live in the rumen.
c. the liver.
d. H+ secreted into the rumen.
e. the intestinal wall.
ANS: B PTS: 1
40. Cellulose and chitin are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
a. Both are polymers of glucose.
b. Both are structural polysaccharides.
c. Both have extended ribbon conformations.
d. Both have extensive hydrogen bonding.
e. All are true.
ANS: A PTS: 1
42. Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid
and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?
a. agaropectin
b. heparin
c. dermatan sulfate
d. hyaluronate
e. chondroitin-4-sulfate
ANS: A PTS: 1
43. ____ and ____ are found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissue.
a. Heparin; chondroitins
b. Chondroitins; keratin sulfate
c. Keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate
d. Hyaluronate, keratin sulfate
e. All are true.
ANS: B PTS: 1
44. ____ are important components of the vitreous humor of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates
the joints.
a. Heparin
b. Hyaluronates
c. Chondroitins
d. Keratin sulfates
e. All are true
ANS: B PTS: 1
a. a
b. b
c. c
d. d
e. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1
50. Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond below?
a. (2→4)
b. (1→3)
c. (1→4)
d. (1→3)
e. (2→4)
ANS: C PTS: 1
52. Amylose and glycogen are both glucose polymers, yet they have somewhat different properties. What
is one important difference between them?
a. One is made with D-glucose and the other with L-glucose
b. One is used as a structural polymer in insects; the other for energy in plants
c. One contains glycosidic bonds while the other contains glycosidic bonds
d. One is a linear polymer while the other is highly branched
e. none of the above explain the difference between amylose and glycogen
ANS: D PTS: 1
53. Which of the following would be the correct Haworth projection for -D-talose (linear form is shown
on the left)?
a. a
b. b
c. c
d. d
e. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1