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Matching Questions
Use the following to answer questions 1-10:
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) Haemophilus influenzae
b) restriction enzymes
c) pUC18
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) DNA ligase
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) fingerprint
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) Kary Mullis
1. Arber, Smith, and Nathans discovered and pioneered the use of ____________.
Ans: b
Section: 5.1
Ans: i
Section: 5.1
Ans: e
Section: 5.1
Ans: k
Section: 5.1
Ans: a
Section: 5.3
Chapter 5 Exploring Genes and Genomes 2
6. ____________ Devised the polymerase chain reaction for amplifying specific sequences of
DNA.
Ans: l
Section: 5.1
Ans: g
Section: 5.2
8. ____________ A plasmid vector that contains the β-galactosidase gene and is useful for
screening cells with recombined DNA.
Ans: c
Section: 5.2
Ans: j
Section: 5.4
Ans: d
Section: 5.2
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester linkage at a break in a DNA strand
is __________________.
Ans: DNA ligase Section: 5.2
12. ___________________________ cleave DNA at sites with inverted repeat sequences referred to
as palindromic sequences.
Ans: Restriction endonucleases Section: 5.1
13. Complementary, single-strand overhangs that are produced by some restriction endonucleases
are referred to as ___________________.
Ans: sticky ends or cohesive ends Section: 5.2
14. The Sanger technique for sequencing DNA involves the use of __________________
nucleotide analogs that terminate chain elongation.
Ans: 2',3'-dideoxy Section: 5.1
17. Bacterial plasmid DNA and bacteriophage DNA are commonly used ______________ to
introduce foreign DNA into a bacterium.
Ans: vectors Section: 5.2
18. The enzyme _________________ can be used to add nucleotides to the 3' end of DNA.
Ans: terminal transferase Section: 5.2
19. A gene’s function can be studied by inactivating the gene by a process known as gene disruption
or _______________.
Ans: gene knockout Section: 5.3
20. cDNA, attached to a microscope slide forms a _________________ used to study gene
expression levels.
Ans: DNA microarray Section: 5.4
Multiple-Choice Questions
21. The biological role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to
A) repair DNA. D) All of the above.
B) induce DNA crossover. E) None of the above.
C) cleave foreign DNA.
Ans: C Section: 5.1
22. Which of the following DNA sequences contains a 4−8 base palindromic site? (Note: Only one
strand is shown.)
A) CAGTCC D) GAGAGAGA
B) GCATCC E) GCATATGC
C) CGATTAGC
Ans: E Section: 5.1
24. The specificity or strigency of a PCR reaction can be controlled by altering the reaction
A) volume. D) All of the above.
B) target sequence. E) None of the above.
C) temperature and salt concentration.
Ans: C Section: 5.1
Chapter 5 Exploring Genes and Genomes 4
26. The first three bases of the 6-base recognition cleavage site of HindIII are AAG. What is the
complete sequence of this 6 bp site?
A) AAGAAG D) AAGCUU
B) AAGCTT E) None of the above.
C) AAGGAA
Ans: B Section: 5.1
29. Why are met and trp often used to design DNA probes from amino acid sequences?
A) They are not degenerate and have single codons.
B) Met is the first amino acid in the protein chain.
C) Both are used often in proteins.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
Ans: A Section: 5.2
32. The probe used to isolate a gene from a genomic library is often
A) the ligand that binds to the protein. D) All of the above.
B) its promoter region. E) None of the above.
C) a portion of the mRNA of the gene.
Ans: C Section: 5.2
34. Animals that harbor a foreign gene as a result of recombinant gene manipulation are called
A) transgenic. D) All of the above.
B) mutants. E) None of the above.
C) aliens.
Ans: A Section: 5.4
35. Techniques for engineering new proteins by site-directed gene mutations include
A) oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis. D) a and b.
B) cassette mutagenesis. E) All of the above.
C) chromosome walking mutagenesis.
Ans: D Section: 5.2
Short-Answer Questions
36. A number of tools are critical to gene exploration. Name at least four.
Ans: Tools include restriction enzyme analysis, blotting techniques (Southern and Northern),
DNA sequencing, solid-phase synthesis of nucleic acid, PCR, and computer analysis.
Section: 5.1
43. Briefly outline the steps necessary to create a recombinant DNA molecule.
Ans: Both the fragment of interest and the vector DNA are cut with restriction enzyme(s),
which create complementary sticky ends. The pieces of DNA are allowed to anneal and
DNA ligase is added to join the ends.
Section: 5.2
44. How is a single gene of interest identified on a plate containing many different library clones?
Ans: By using a probe specific for the DNA of interest, the clone can be identified. The probe
is designed to hybridize to the DNA of the clone that has been transferred to the
membrane. The probe is labeled with radioactivity or another tag so that it can be easily
detected and the proper clone identified and selected.
Section: 5.2
45. If a gene is inserted into an antibiotic marker gene in a plasmid such as ampicillin, will the
resulting clone be sensitive or resistant to the antibiotic?
Ans: When inserted into a gene, the new DNA interrupts the previous gene. Thus, the
antibiotic gene is unlikely to be functional, the clone will be sensitive to the antibiotic,
and the clone will not grow.
Section: 5.2
Test Bank for Biochemistry, 6th Edition: Berg, Stryer
47. How closely related are the human, rat, and puffer fish genomes?
Ans: Human and rat genome comparisons reveal that 99% of human genes have counterparts
in rat genomes. Puffer fish genomes are very small, yet the puffer fish and human
genomes contain essentially the same number of genes.
Section: 5.3
50. What advantage can be gained by splicing together portions of two different genes?
Ans: This technique allows the creation of novel bifunctional genes, sometimes called designer
genes. Distinct functional domains are paired and aligned into one gene, often resulting in
proteins with unique characteristics and activities.
Section: 5.4