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CHAPTER 2
PLANNING A HEALTHY DIET
Key Terms
Objectives
1. Have students compare food packaging labels of different manufacturing brands for nutrients
and food composition. Locate and present various food products that contain descriptors
discussed in the chapter.
2. Interview individuals from a variety of cultures. Evaluate the quality of their diet by
comparing caloric and nutrient composition.
3. Plan a class project for students to prepare and bring in foods from different cultures.
Students should report on the ingredients, food preparation methods, and nutritional content
of the meal or food, including calories, vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients.
4. Interview someone in a worksite wellness department to see what his or her organization
does to uphold healthy eating and physical activity in their workers.
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5. Interview a school food service official to discuss how menus have changed according to
government standards.
6. Investigate if any of the farmer’s markets in your area take Food Stamps (SNAP) or WIC
vouchers.
Discussion Question 1
Have student groups pick a country that grows a particular food item or items and uses them as
main staples in its own diet. Instruct them to use the nursing process to answer the following
questions and formulate a solution to the problem caused by eating that particular food item.
E. Are there humanitarian efforts taking place in that country to aid in the prevention or cure
of those diseases caused by the dietary deficiency?
F. From the variety of presentations, choose the one(s) with the most devastating impact,
and have the groups develop a relief project to address the situation in that country.
Use the nursing process to plan, set goals, implement, or present to the class and let the class
evaluate how clearly it is presented and how relevant and successful they think the project would
be. The project should include topics such as planning a budget; fundraising; how to allocate,
store, ship, and deliver to the need areas; and the manpower needed to perform the operation.
Discussion Question 2
The most common nutrient deficiency in the world is the lack of iron. It is more prevalent among
four specific population groups (women of childbearing age, infants, the elderly, and pregnant
women). Assign a particular population group to the students and detail a one week diet plan for
the designated population group. The diet plan should include food that is palatable and
pleasurable to look at for the age group for which it is intended.
Discussion Question 3
Investigate the teaching initiative “Nutrition Detectives™” written by Dr. Katz from Yale’s
Prevention and research center. What did you learn when you reviewed the material? Do you
think this should be curriculum for school students in their health classes? Do students receive
this information in your area?
Discussion Question 4
Have students track their intake with a smart phone app of their choice. Have them track their
activity level. Did students meet recommendations as set forth in physical activity guidelines
and the U.S. Healthy Eating Patterns? Have students comment on where the gaps happened.
If an app is not available, use the Supertracker on Choose MyPlate.
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. a
9. b
10. b
11. b
12. c
13. b
14. c
15. b
16. b
17. d
18. a
19. c
20. d
21. c
22. a
23. c
HARRINGTON’S SOLUTION.
ARISTOL OINTMENT
FOR CRACKED NIPPLES.
1. Spirits camphor,
Glycerin, āā f℥j (30 c.c.);
Tr. benzoin,
Alcohol (95 per cent.), f℥v (150 c.c.).
5. Glycerin,
Whisky, āā
Peroxid,
UNNA’S PASTE.
Lime-water,
Of each, equal parts.
Raw linseed oil,
BORATED VASELIN.
CARBOLATED VASELIN.
BORATED GLYCERIN.
FORTIFIED OIL.
Croton oil, ♍ j;
Castor oil, ♍ j-xiv.
SANITAS JELLY.
5. Molasses, ℥viij;
Milk, ℥viij;
Follow by 1 pint of warm water within five minutes to
secure better result and to relieve fermentation that follows the
injection.
6. Milk of asafetida, ℥j;
Warm water, Oj.
GLYCERIN ENEMA.
OX-GALL ENEMA.
Ox-gall, ʒj (4 gm.);
Castor oil, f℥iv (118 c.c.);
White of 2 eggs,
Warm water, Oj (500 c.c.).
SALINE ENEMA.
1-2-3 ENEMA.
COMBINATION ENEMA.
Turpentine, ʒj;
Olive oil, ʒj;
White of one egg;
Tr. asafetida, ʒj;
Milk of asafetida, ʒj.
Beat egg well and with olive oil,
make an emulsion of the turpentine.
STARCH-WATER ENEMA.
STIMULATING ENEMAS.
1. Black coffee, ℥viij;
Whisky, ℥j.
NOURISHING ENEMAS.
Adults, Oj-iv;
Children, ℥viij-xvj;
Infants, ℥ij.
MUSTARD PLASTER.
Mustard, 1 tablespoonful;
Mustard, 1 tablespoonful;
Glycerin, 3 tablespoonfuls;
Baking soda
(dissolved in hot water), 1 teaspoonful.
Beat well and spread between two layers of muslin or soft linen.
Apply from 15 to 30 minutes.
MUSTARD POULTICE.
Mustard, 2 parts;
Ground flaxseed, 4 “
Hot water, a sufficient quantity.
FLAXSEED POULTICE.
ONION POULTICE.
TURPENTINE STUPES.
SPICE POULTICE.
CANTHARIDES BLISTER.
HAIR TONICS.
Use white vaselin freely each day. Untangle the ends and
work gradually toward the scalp.
THERMOMETRY.
In the Fahrenheit scale there are 180 degrees between the melting-
point of ice and the boiling-point of water. In the Centigrade scale there
are 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling point of water.
TEMPERATURE OF WATER.
PULSE RATE.
RESPIRATIONS.
TO TEST REACTION.
Fill an ordinary test-tube half full of urine, and add a half dram or
more of potassium ferrocyanid solution (1 to 20). After thoroughly
mingling the urine and the reagent, add a few drops of acetic acid (50 per
cent.); then pause for a half minute and note the change. If albumin be
present it will come plainly into view within half a minute to a minute, in
the form of white, milk-like opacity, diffused throughout the whole
contents of the tube. The above method precipitates all modifications of
albumin. On the other hand, it gives no reaction with phosphates,
peptones, mucin, the alkaloids, urates, or the pure acids. The reaction
that sometimes occurs on long standing between the acid and potassium
ferrocyanid should not be mistaken for albumin. The albuminous
reaction appears within half a minute or so, while the other occurs only
after ten minutes to half an hour, and is mingled with more or less blue
coloration.
Begin early in the morning. Throw away the first urination. Save all
further urinations for the next twenty-four hours. For instance: Patient
urinates at 6 . . This first urination is thrown away, or saved for an . .
specimen if required and patient’s bladder is empty. Save all succeeding
urinations for the next twenty-four hours, at the end of which time (6
. .) request the patient to urinate, and save the last urination also, to
complete the specimen. This gives us twenty-four hours’ secretion.
The addition of solution of formaldehyd (fʒij) to a twenty-four hour
specimen of urine will preserve it, and prevent fermentation before the
analysis is made.
INFANT FEEDING.
1. If the bowel movements are curdy, we may take it as an
indication of an excess of proteids.
2. Sour vomiting often indicates too much fat
.
3. Stools that are very watery but without curds may result
from too much sugar or too much fat.
4. Vomiting of hard, curdy masses may indicate too much
proteids.
5. Should the child seem to do well on its food in every
way except that it does not gain in weight, it may be
that the sugar is too low.
6. Vomiting may mean that the child has eaten too much.
7. Breast milk is the best infant food.
8. No artificial food can or should be trusted which does
not contain the essentials of breast-milk—viz., fat,
proteids, and sugar.
9. The elements named are to be found only in milk, cows’
milk being the only one available for general use.
10. Cows’ milk must be modified, because it does not
contain the same proportions of the elements named.
Reaction Alkaline.
Contains 3 to 4 per cent. of fat
of sugar Sp. gravity
“ 6 to 7 “ “
1030.
“ 1 to 2 “ “ of proteids
Age.
1. Sugar of milk ℥j
Sterile water ℥xij
Lime-water ℥ss From 3d to 14th day.
Cream ℥ss
Milk ℥ss
2. Sugar of milk ℥j
Sterile water ℥xij
Lime-water ℥j From 2d week to 6th week.
Cream ℥j
Milk ℥j
4. Sugar of milk ℥j
Sterile water ℥viij
Lime-water ℥ss From 11th week to 5 months.
Cream ℥j
Milk ℥j
5. Sugar of milk ℥j
Sterile water ℥vij
Lime-water ℥ss From 5 months to 9 months.
Cream ℥j
Milk ℥ijss
10 feedings of 1 ounce
at 2 hour intervals.
1 week 10 to 12 ounces
8 feedings of 1½ ounces
at 2½ hour intervals.
8 feedings of 2½ ounces
at 2½ hour intervals.
4 weeks 20 ounces
7 feedings of 3 ounces
at 3 hour intervals.
7 feedings of 4½ ounces
4 months 32 ounces
at 3 hour intervals.
Twenty-four-hour Number of feedings,
Age.
amount. amouint and intervals.
6 feedings of 6 to 6½ ounces
6 months 36 to 40 ounces
at 3 hour intervals.
6 feedings of 8 ounces
at 3 hour intervals.
9 months 48 ounces
5 feedings of 9½ ounces
at 3 to 4 hour intervals.