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Microbial Life and

Global Warming

Antonius Suwanto
Bogor Agricultural University
Human as microbial habitat
- The number of microbiota in human colon
(approx 1014 cells
(approx. cells) 10x more abundant than
cells),
the number of cells making an individual
human. 1012 cell per gram feces
- More prokaryotes than eukaryotes !
- Colon is a “microbial
microbial zoo
zoo” consisting at least
800 bacterial species or types
- 100x as many genes as the human genome
- Colon is not just an “empty tube” Æ A
Microbiomem
Mikrob Akuatik
• Penentu kesinambungan siklus
Karbon, Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan unsur
lainnya
• Menentukan kualitas air (al. BOD,
pH,
H akumulasi
k l i senyawa toksik),
t k ik)
estetika, dan kebugaran hewan
dalam perairan tersebut
• Struktur komunitas mikrob
merupakan cermin kualitas lingkungan
Microbial Diversity
y

• Microbial decomposition and


biogeochemical cycles: cyanobacter
and O2 evolution,
evolution methylotrophs and methane
utilization, methanogen and methane hydrate
• Bacteria for plant and animal
fitness
• Friend or Foe in Global Warming?
Three Domains of Life: Microbes underpin all
Living
g system
y

ARCHAEA

BACTERIA EUKARYA
Who are the Hyperthermophiles?
Group Approx. upper temperature (0C)
___________________________________________________________
Animals
Fish and other aquatic vertebrates 38
Insects 45-50
Ostracods (crustaceans) 49-50
Pl t
Plants
Vascular plants 45
Mosses 50
Eukaryotic
y microorganisms
g
Protozoa 56
Algae 55-60
Fungi 60-62
Prokaryotic microorganisms
Cyanobacteria 70-73
Photosynthetic anoxygenic bacteria 70-73
Chemolitotrophic bacteria >100
Heterotrophic bacteria >100
ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVE BACTERIA:
Cold loving bacteria & Microclimate
Case: Temperature
Temperature- -Shifted
Microbial Metabolisms in
aquatic system

¾Temp n DO
¾Temp n rate of DOC degradation
g
¾ Create rapid anoxyc water column
¾ Induce anaerobic respiration: SRB
¾ Toxic aquatic environment
¾ Lethal to aquatic macro
macro--organisms
Health status: result of complex
i
interactions
i – often
f temp sensitive
ii

Genome Infection

Age

Environment
Many traditional fermented foods
are the results of mixed microbial
activities for Bioconversion

Composition of microbial
communities could be affected by
increasing temperature
Ringkasan
• Mikroorganisme menempati hampir semua relung
kehidupan dan memainkan peranan penting dalam
kesehatan dan kesejahteraan planet bumi
• Meskipun sebagian mikrob merupakan organisme
yang tahan panas, tetapi perubahan temperatur
akan sangat mempengaruhi aktivitas mikrob lain
dan dapat mengubah struktur komunitas mikrob,
yang
y g pada
p gilirannya
g y akan mengubah
g kondisi
li k
lingkungannya
• Perubahan temperatur yang mempengaruhi
kehidupan makro-organisme akan memberi dampak
pada
d mikro-organisme
ik i k
karena banyak
b k mikrob
ik b
berasosiasi dengan makro-organisme
• Mikrob dapat menjadi Penyebab, atau Korban,
namun juga
ju a Pembantu untuk mengatasi
men atasi pemanasan
global

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