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FORM TP 2015147 %. MAY/JLTNE 2015

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATION S C OUNC IL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION@
BIOLOGY

UNITl-PaPer02
2 hours 30 minutes
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R.EAD THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

l. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins'

4. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

5. You are advised to take some time to read through the paper and plan your answers.

6. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

7. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevanto include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2Ol3 Caribbean Examinations Council

All riehts reserved.
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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1. (a) Table 1 summarizes the results of an experiment comparing the effect of temperature on
two protease enzymes, one from a mammal that lives in the tropics and the other from a
prokaryote living in hot springs. The enzyme activity is expressed as a percentage of its
maximum efficiency.

TABLE 1: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON

TWO PROTEASE ENZYMES

7o Maximum EfficiencY
Temperature
oc Prokaryote Protease Mammalian Protease

0 0 0

5 0 10

10 0 25

20 8 35

30 l5 48

40 30 95

50 45 35

60 65 0

70 100 0

90 40 0

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(D On the grid in Figure 1, plot the data in Table I for the mammalian protease as a
line graph. [3 marksl

-t" r"1- f'

..i....i...1...1..
'l -ii t-i
...i...i...i.,.i...

...i....i...i...i...
...i....i...:...1... ...i....i...i...i...
-i-l-'!-'l !!!!
100 ...i...i...i-..i...
iiii
--l :.-':" 1'
'"i i-i-i [..i...i.'i'
90 -{ -+. } -f.
..i i.::i i.
ii:i ..i...!...!...)..
-i"i- li:::r:l: i.../.i. .i.
80 -t i-i-i 't-
-! "+..i-i-
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_ -i- +-.+-.i .\
..:,..:-..i,,.i..

70
'':" 1" 1 _r_ {
litii
-i- + -i- i
"i i"i i
ti.-+".r- r'
e -i" i-i i i-i i-i t..1...i....i.-
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(D
60
--i +--i : i: .;.i t
<)
IE "i" i-:- i
ii
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i-i
€) -i -I-l-l ' ..i.. ..ii.
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50 ,....i...+...i.. i"'i ! .l-i i-i"!'ll-:'"r-i:'
E -i "i i-:' i:i i iti:iii::l t'i-i i i'
x6l 1_1- f l..
.:...i:...i} 'i !-i ! ,i-i',,il ;'i-i-i-il"!-r'i-i r'i-i-i-i
ftiil. J

40 TProkaryote -i-t " i-i'

-i i-i-i ...i....i...!...i.
iiii
6)
0! -i:i:ii "?-:
-.i i- i" l
/ -j-i-i i
... protease
iai-i" i1- i i-i
i:: i .i::i.
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30
q)
t,
q) ;:::;;; 1
20 Ii-i.-i -1".1-l" l_ ..i.,i-i-i.
...i...;...i....i...
ii:i
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.i::fi '':
-r'i-.i-.1-
10

:y
,t i:ii
'i- i i- i"
.i...,i...!,,,i,..
.i...i...1...i...

ili; i" i-
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.i...i..,i...i...
,i.,,.i-i
-t -i-j-i' -i-i -i.-+
i-
i"i i-i
0
20 40 60 80 100

Temperature (oC)

Figure 1. Effect of temperature on protease enzymes

temperature
(iD Using affows labelled Pl andP2,indicate, on the.r-axis of Figure 1, the
efficiency' What
at which EACH protease enzyme functions at its maximum
accounts for any difference observed?

[3 marks]

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(D Identiff the organelles labelled I, II and III.

I:

II:

III:
[3 marksl

(iD If the actual size of the structure labelled Y is 1.5 pm, calculate the magnification
of the electron micrograph in Figure 2'

Magnification: ............
[l mark]

seen
(iiD Suggest a reason which may account for the extensive network of membranes
in this tyPe of animal cell.

[2 marks]

Total 15 marks

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) (a) Figure 3 is a diagram of a cell with four chromosomes (haploid number

: 2) during the
process of meiosis.

Figure 3. Diagram of a cell with four chromosomes

(D Name the stage of meiosis illustrated in Figure 3'

ii;;;k;
key stages
(iD In the boxes below, make labelled sketches to illustrate the next TWO
below
of meiosis in this cell. Write the name of the stages on the lines provided
the boxes.

Name of stage: Name of stage:

[6 marksl

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(iii) Explain how the key stages identified in (a) (i) and (ii) contribute to genetic variation'

[3 marks]

(b) Explain how 'substitution'and 'insertion'result in genetic variation. Discuss how gene
mutation causes sickle-cell anaemia.

[5 marks]

Total 15 marks

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3. (a)
-8-

Table 2 is an incomplete comparison of some features of a human ovum

with some features
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i1'j-'i----ljj
i:-l*F:-F
of a spermatozoon. [.f;ti+r
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TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF FEATURES OF l"l\,i:-I.
L-5i+i.I1
OVUMAND SPERMATOZOON t.--f|tr.--l.
I..tr+:.l.
[,.k+j
j-r-\+---tj
Feature Ovum Spermatozoon I
f-:-.'-'---'f-
F.t*lr-+.
l'jl*I:+l
li-f!*i.+
Size Can be seen with naked eye; L-,s*
t---ri\-.'-f
l---r\--alf
about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm in
t-:-hij..-1:
width. f..trtnt
l:'Eit
f.-.-.-.T.'.-&
[:-$.:l
r.-.n--'.'t
r---ha'-'t
I '_'_'_l-'-_ t
f----.--t.

Elongated.
[...J
Shape t_---,-__t
t-------t
I:':'n-t
r-----_.'.'.'.7
t--------t
[-]-----:-f
t::!ii+
l.-i;T{
l---1*f-:1
l.:#:1
ttxJ
lr:Fe-+
t----E---l
l---ti.'---1
Overall structure Not divided into distinct I-if'li('--l
regions, surrounded by zona li.*iil
pellucida and follicle cells.
f:ftj
l.+iij
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l.'.\t:-l
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Motility Cannot move by itself. [.:El
l:-:txi
f--y_--_l
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Food reserves No food reserves.

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L---iil
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F---'iral:
ll:fii-r.
F..-is-:1
r-'i'Fr:
li:?Fii'
I..Ef..
f.:*.:i
L-:l!i--:

Metabolic activity Inactive, does not absorb F,S+t

l'jH-.i
or release substances. r--xt:
l.:-td-::
t-'-fa---,
trl+:'j
t-:-!!(-j
l:'.C!;r
r---'J-:
f:iR.
llrl':.
l---a:ti.
[:.ftr

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in the
(D Complete Table2by writing the missing information in the relevant spaces
table. [6 marks]

(ii) With reference to a specific function of the human ovum, discuss how its structure
is suited to the stated function.

[3 marksl

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(b) Figure 4 is a diagram of a cross section of a fertilized ovule of a flowering plant'

Pollen tube

Mic

Figure 4. Cross section of a fertilized ovule

(i) On Figure 4, indicate, using an affow labelled X, the structure which will develop
a radicle and plumule. [1 mark]

(iD Identiff the structure labelled Y and explain its role in the developing embryo'

Identity of Y:

Role:
[2 marksl

(iiD An orange is described as a fleshy fruit. Name the part of a flowering plant which
develops into a fleshy fruit after the ovule has been fertilized. Comment on the
importance of the fruit, such aS an orange, in the life cycle of a flowering plant.

[3 marksl

Total 15 marks

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 r SECTION B
-11 --l

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet'

(a) (i) With the aid of an annotated diagram, describe the structure of phospholipids.
[4 marks]

Space for annotated diagram of phospholipids

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(ii) With reference to the fluid mosaic model, discuss the role of phospholipids and
proteins in cell membrane functioning. [5 marks]

'€={'--l
:S.-tj{
iR.-.t

i:'----::':-:l--;

:'-_-_-_---_---Ti.'-'-

n:i+j-:1i
1-l'-;

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(b) Using a generalized structure for amino acids, outline the process of formation of a peptide
bond between two amino acids. Explain, using an example, how amino acids differ from
each other. [6 marks]

Space for formation of peptide bond between two amino acids

Total 15 marks
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f,. (a)
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Explain what is meant by the term'gene'. Outline the principles of using restriction
enzymes to cut a gene from a length of DNA.

Note: Details of the steps involved in recombinant DNAtechnology are not required.
[5 marks]

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(b) Gene therapy is the application of the principle of genetic engineering in the treatment of
diseases.

(i) Give a brief description of one human disease for which the use of somatic gene
therapy has been shown to be effective. [2 marksl

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(ii) Discuss FOUR reasons why somatic gene therapy, despite its potential, is still not
used as an effective treatment for human diseases. [8 marksl

Total 15 marks

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6. (a) (i)
-17-
Explain TWO mechanisms for the promotion of cross-fertilization in plants.
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[4 marksl

(ii) Evaluate the genetic consequences of self-fertilization and cross-fertilization in

plants. [7 marksl

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(b) Starting with contact of sperm cells with follicle cells of the oocyte, outline the process
of fertilization in the human reproductive system. [4 marksl

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided-

Question No.

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EXTRA SPACE ---.t.-:
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page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided'
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