FIGURE OF SPEECH

1) SYNECDOCHE - an association of some important part with the whole it represents.

Example: The face who launched a thousand ships.
2) SIMILE - an indirect association.
Example: She is like a flower.
3) PERSONIFICATION - giving human attributes to an inanimate object (animal, idea, etc.)
Example: The sun is looking down on me.
4) OXYMORON - a self-contrasting statement.
Example: Loud silence
5) METONYMY - an association wherein the name of something is substituted by something that
represents it.
Example: Toothpaste is sometimes called Colgate.
6) METAPHOR - a direct comparison.
Example: You are the sunshine of my life.
7) IRONY - the contrast between what was expected and what actually happened.
Example: No smoking sign during a cigarette break.
HYPERBOLE - an exaggeration.
Example: Cry me a river.
9) EUPHEMISM - creating a positive connotation out of something negative.
Example: Comfort women (prostitute)
10) ELLIPSIS - omission of words in a sentence.
Example: She walked away and so the world turns....
11) ASYNDETON - not putting any connectors (conjunctions or prepositions).
Example: No retreat, no surrender
12) APOSTROPHE - a direct address to an abstract things or a person who passed away.