1.

Which renewable energy generating technology is forecast to have the largest global installed capacity
by 2050?

A. Ocean Energy
B. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
C. Bioenergy
D. Solar energy
E. Geothermal Energy
F. Wind energy

2. Energy efficiency is not needed or expected to be an important factor in 2050 global energy forecasts.

A. True
B. False

3. Which one of the following is not an advantage of hydropower?

A. Environmentally friendly
B. Mature technology
C. Scalable
D. Dispatchable
E. Energy efficient

4. Which one of the following sources of Biomass Energy does not use waste products as its feedstock?

A. Wood pellets
B. MSW Energy
C. Forest and Agricultural Waste
D. Anaerobic Landfill Gas
E. Anaerobic Digesters

5. Biomass Energy is forecast to be a large contributor to global energy production in 2050, comparable
to wind and solar energy.

A. True
B. False

6. Which two of the following are not advantages of Concentrating Solar Power?

A. Low capex (construction) costs

B. Energy efficient
C. Scalable from kW to GW installations
D. Few operating emissions

7. Concentrated Solar Power generates electricity whenever the sun is shining.

A. True
B. False

8. Which one of the following is not a disadvantage of Ocean Energy?

A. Low power density

B. Power transmission
C. Challenging operating environment
D. High maintenance costs
E. High capital construction costs

9. Ocean energy has been growing rapidly over the past decade, suggesting more rapid growth in the
future.

A. True
B. False

10. A limitation of Geothermal Energy is that it is only feasible in geo-active regions.

A. True
B. False

11. Energy efficiency necessarily means getting by with fewer energy services (light, heat, transportation,
etc.)

A. True
B. False

12. Energy efficiency is equivalent to avoiding energy generation.

A. True
B. False

13. Energy efficiency is nice in principle but would have little impact on climate change.

A. True
B. False

14. Which one of the following energy storage technologies dominates all others?

A. Hydrogen storage
B. Thermal storage
C. Electrochemical batteries
D. Pumped hydropower
E. Compressed air storage
15. What is the definition of Gravimetric Energy Density?

A. Energy stored per unit of volume (Wh/L)

B. Total energy stored in a device or installation (Wh)
C. Energy stored per unit of mass (Wh/kg)
D. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)
E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-in)

16. What is the definition of Storage Power?

A. Energy stored per unit of volume (Wh/L)

B. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)
C. Energy stored per unit of mass (Wh/kg)
D. Total energy stored in a device or installation (Wh)
E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-in)

17. What is the definition of Energy Storage Efficiency?

A. Energy stored per unit of mass (Wh/kg)

B. Energy stored per unit of volume (Wh/L)
C. Total energy stored in a device or installation (Wh)
D. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)
E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-in)

18. Which one of the following is not an advantage of Pumped Hydro Storage?

A. Large storage capacity

B. Environmentally benign
C. Fast response to energy demand
D. Mature technology
E. Good energy storage efficiency

19. Lithium-ion batteries currently dominate other battery energy storage chemistries.

A. True
B. False

20. Which one of the following is not an advantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A. Excellent energy storage efficiency

B. Abundant raw material availability (lithium)
C. Good energy densities
D. Scalability from small consumer batteries to large utility installations

21. Which one of the following is not an advantage of thermal energy storage.
 A. Proven technology
B. Attractive round-trip energy storage efficiencies
C. Pairs well with concentrating solar power (CSP)
D. Energy time-shifting

22. Molten salt is currently the dominant storage medium for thermal energy storage installations.

A. True
B. False

23. Which of the following are significant challenges of hydrogen storage?

A. Very low volumetric density

B. Must be compressed or liquified for practical storage
C. Tightly bound in molecules (water, methane, hydrocarbons) – costly (energy, money) to separate
D. Difficult to store – leaks, embrittlement, explosive
E. All of the above

24. Which one of these three energy storage technologies can best provide rapid energy backup for data
centers, currency stabilization, and other rapid backup applications?

A. Flywheels
B. Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
C. Liquid air energy storage (LAES)

25. Which one of the following energy storage technologies is forecast to have dominant growth in the
next several decades?

D. Sodium sulfur batteries

E. Vanadium redox flow batteries
F. Lithium-ion batteries
G. Hydropower storage

26. The cost of energy storage has rapidly declined in past decades, but further cost reductions are not
expected in the future.

A. True
B. False
27. What is the primary disadvantage of biomass energy compared to other renewable energy
sources?
A. Lower energy density
B. Limited availability of feedstock
C. Higher greenhouse gas emissions
D. Lower efficiency

Answer: C. Higher greenhouse gas emissions

 28. Which of the following alternative energy storage technologies has the highest energy
density?
A. Flywheels
B. Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
C. Liquid air energy storage (LAES)
D. Hydrogen storage

Answer: D. Hydrogen storage

29. What is the primary challenge associated with implementing a hydrogen-based energy
economy?
A. High production costs
B. Storage difficulties
C. Lack of infrastructure
D. Limited availability of hydrogen

Answer: C. Lack of infrastructure

30. In the context of energy storage, what does "dispatchable" mean?

A. Energy can be stored indefinitely
B. Energy can be released on demand
C. Energy storage has a fast response time
D. Energy storage has a high efficiency

Answer: B. Energy can be released on demand

31. Which of the following energy storage technologies is best suited for large-scale, long-
duration energy storage?
A. Lithium-ion batteries
B. Flywheels
C. Pumped hydropower storage
D. Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Answer: C. Pumped hydropower storage

32. What is the primary advantage of using hydrogen as an energy storage medium compared
to batteries?
A. Higher energy density
B. Faster charging times
C. Lower production costs
D. Longer lifespan

Answer: A. Higher energy density

33. What is the main disadvantage of using compressed air energy storage (CAES) compared
to other energy storage technologies?
A. Lower energy density
B. Limited scalability
C. Requires specific geographical features
D. High maintenance costs

Answer: C. Requires specific geographical features

34. What is the primary advantage of flow batteries compared to traditional batteries?
A. Higher energy density
B. Longer cycle life
C. Lower cost per kWh
D. Faster charging times

Answer: B. Longer cycle life

35. Which of the following is not an advantage of geothermal energy?

A. Base-load power generation
B. Low greenhouse gas emissions
C. Limited geographical availability
D. Low operating costs

Answer: C. Limited geographical availability

36. What is the primary disadvantage of using hydropower as a renewable energy source?
A. High maintenance costs
B. Environmental impacts
C. Limited availability of suitable sites
D. Low efficiency

Answer: B. Environmental impacts

37. What is the definition of Storage Power?

A. Energy stored per unit of volume (Wh/L)
B. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)
C. Energy stored per unit of mass (Wh/kg)
D. Total energy stored in a device or installation (Wh)
E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-in)

Answer: B. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)

38. What is the definition of Energy Storage Efficiency?

A. Energy stored per unit of mass (Wh/kg)
B. Energy stored per unit of volume (Wh/L)
C. Total energy stored in a device or installation (Wh)
D. Speed with which energy can be extracted from a storage installation (Wh/second)
E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-in)
Answer: E. The ratio of energy that is extracted from a storage installation (energy-out / energy-
in)

39. Which one of the following is not an advantage of Pumped Hydro Storage?

A. Large storage capacity

B. Environmentally benign
C. Fast response to energy demand
D. Mature technology
E. Good energy storage efficiency

Answer: B. Environmentally benign

40. Lithium-ion batteries currently dominate other battery energy storage chemistries.
A. True
B. False

Answer: A. True

41. Which one of the following is not an advantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A. Excellent energy storage efficiency
B. Abundant raw material availability (lithium)
C. Good energy densities
D. Scalability from small consumer batteries to large utility installations

Answer: B. Abundant raw material availability (lithium)

42. Which one of the following is not an advantage of thermal energy storage?
A. Proven technology
B. Attractive round-trip energy storage efficiencies
C. Pairs well with concentrating solar power (CSP)
D. Energy time-shifting

Answer: D. Energy time-shifting

43. Molten salt is currently the dominant storage medium for thermal energy storage
installations.
A. True
B. False

Answer: A. True

44. Which of the following are significant challenges of hydrogen storage?

A. Very low volumetric density
B. Must be compressed or liquified for practical storage
C. Tightly bound in molecules (water, methane, hydrocarbons) – costly (energy, money) to
separate
D. Difficult to store – leaks, embrittlement, explosive
E. All of the above

Answer: E. All of the above

45. Which one of these three energy storage technologies can best provide rapid energy
backup for data centers, currency stabilization, and other rapid backup applications?
A. Flywheels
B. Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
C. Liquid air energy storage (LAES)

Answer: A. Flywheels

46. Which one of the following energy storage technologies is forecast to have dominant
growth in the next several decades?
A. Sodium sulfur batteries
B. Vanadium redox flow batteries
C. Lithium-ion batteries
D. Hydropower storage

Answer: C. Lithium-ion batteries

47. The cost of energy storage has rapidly declined in past decades, but further cost
reductions are not expected in the future.
A. True
B. False

Answer: B. False