IOT Based Health Monitoring System

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI - 590018
MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
“IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
Submitted by
MOHITH N 1MV20EE044
YUVRAJ SINGH 1MV20EE078

MD. NAWAZ SHARIF KHAN 1MV20EE043
PRANAV RAJ 1MV20EE052
Under the guidance of

Ms. P. KEZIA JOY KUMARI
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE
SIRMVIT, Bengaluru
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru -562157
2022-2023
Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project entitled “IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING
SYSTEM” is a bonafide work carried out by MOHITH N (1MV20EE044) , YUVRAJ
SINGH (1MV20EE078), MD. NAWAZ SHARIF KHAN (1MV20EE043) &
PRANAV RAJ (1MV20EE043) of Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology,
Bangalore, in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electrical and Electronics of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
during the academic year 2022-2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project report has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the
above-mentioned degree.
Signature of guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

………….. Dr. H L Suresh Prof. Rakesh S.G
External Viva
Signature with Date

Name of Examiners
1. ……………… …………………
2. ……………… …………………
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT ii

IoT Based Health Monitoring System 2022-2023

Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering
DECLARATION
I, student of VI semester Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru hereby
declare that the embodied report on my project, "IOT Based Health Monitoring
System", was carried out under the guidance of Miss P Kezia Joy Kumari, Assistant Professor,
Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru as partial fulfilment of requirement for
the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics by Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2022-2023. The title of this project
is not published in any university and in any department of Sir MVIT.
Place: Bangalore
Date: 07-07-2023
MOHITH N YUVRAJ SINGH

(1MV20EE044) (1MV20EE078)
MD NAWAZ SHARIF KHAN PRANAV RAJ

(1MV20EE043) (1MV20EE052)
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Our most sincere gratitude to “Sir M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru” for
giving me an opportunity to pursue Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical & Electronics Engineering and thus,
helping me to shape the career.
We would like wish to express my gratitude to our project guide Ms. P Kezia Joy Kumari, Assistant
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sir MVIT for his constant support,
encouragement and provided valuable insights leading to the completion of the project and assisted us in
compiling the project
We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. Rakesh S.G, Principal of Sir MVIT, for providing us with a
congenial environment to work in.
We would also wish to express our gratitude to Dr. H L Suresh, Professor & HOD, Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering, Sir MVIT for his constant support and encouragement.
We are highly indebted to Dr. R Sivapriyan, Assoc. Professor and Project coordinator, Dept. of EEE, Sir
MVIT for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project.
Finally, I thank and acknowledge the immense help extended by our parents, staff of Electrical and Electronics
department and friends, without whom this report would not have reached completion.
MOHITH N. 1MV20EE044
MD NAWAZ SHARIF KHAN 1MV20EE043
YUVRAJ SINGH 1MV20EE078
PRANAV RAJ 1MV20EE052
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT iv

ABSTRACT
With an improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been
attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human
life. One main area of research that has seen an adoption of the technology is the healthcare
sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly
true in developing countries. As a result, this project is an attempt to solve a healthcare
problem currently society is facing. The main objective of the project was to design a
remote healthcare system. It’s comprised of three main parts. The first part being,
detection of patient’s vitals using sensors, second for sending data to cloud storage and
the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the
data enables a doctor or guardian to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital
premises. The Internet of Things (IoT) concepts have been widely used to interconnect
the available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare service
to the patients. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of the paradigms
that can use the IoT advantages to improve the patient’s lifestyle. In this project, I have
presented an IoT architecture customized for healthcare applications. The aim of the
project was to come up with a Remote Health Monitoring System that can be made with
locally available sensors with a view to making it affordable if it were to be mass
produced. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through Arduino
microcontroller to Raspberry pi and relays it to the cloud where it is processed and
analyzed for remote viewing on Blynk app for phones and ThingSpeak for computers.
Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be seen by the doctor or guardian on
Blynk app and ThingSpeak sent via Wi-Fi.
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
List of Figures vii
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 08
1.1 A Brief History Of Internet Of Things
1.2 Basic Terminologies
Chapter 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 12
Chapter 3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 19

3.1 Motivation
3.2 Problem Definition
3.3 Aim
3.4 Objectives
Chapter 4. METHODOLOGY 22
4.1 Methodology Followed
4.2 Block Diagram
Chapter 5. COMPONENTS REQUIRED 25

5.1 Hardware Components
5.2 Software Components
Chapter 6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 41

6.1 Results
6.2 Conclusion
Chapter 7. REFERENCES 44
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT vi

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.-No. FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

5.1.1 NodeMCU ESP32 26
5.1.2 Functional Block Diagram of ESP32 28
5.1.3 I2C_16x2 LCD Display 29
5.1.4 ECG Sensor 30
5.1.5 Max30102 Sensor 32
5.1.6 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor 33
5.2.1 Arduino IDE 34
5.2.2 Program Screenshots 35
5.2.3 ThingSpeak Flow Diagram 39
6.1 Graphs of temperature and heart rate v/s. time 42
6.2 Graphs of oxygen level and ECG v/s. time 43
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT vii

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS
In recent years, the growth of internet is tremendous and has been further extended to connecting
things through internet. All devices are connected to one another with various smart technologies
to create worldwide ubiquitous network called Internet of Thigs (IoT). The development of
technologies such as IoT generates huge amount of data, leads to new age of information. Data
generated by the IoT devices are used for analysis and decision making process. The applications
of IoT can be grouped into domain like: (i). Transport and logistics, (ii).Health care, (iii). Smart
Environment, (iv). Personal and Social. The roles of IoT in all these domains are remarkably high.
Nowadays Government focuses on creating smart cities to use all the emerging technologies and
developing the nation to compete internationally. Each and every person is surrounded by smart
devices, which is used to connect to the 3G/4G network, social networks and other intelligent
technologies. The strength of IoT is its high impact on every person’s day today life such as
entertainment, work, communication and so on.
Scope
The key enabling factor of IoT is in medical and health care. IoT devices are used to collect,
monitor, evaluate and notify the patient with the information. The penetration of IoT devices in
medical and health care is used in the following:
(i.) Remote monitoring medical parameters.

(ii.) Diagnostic
(iii.) Medical Equipment tracking
(iv.) Secure and access the indoor environment
(v.) Smart hospital services
(vi.) Entertainment services.
Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 8

The remote monitoring of a patient by the doctor is still a challenging task. To analyse the health
condition of the patient, various medical parameters are needed about the patient. Collecting the
parameters and communicating them to the doctor through the proper networking channel is
another challenging task.
1.2 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

IOT-The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the
ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
Cloud computing- Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of hosted services over the
internet. Cloud computing enables companies to consume a compute resource, such as a virtual
machine (VMs), storage or an application, as a utility -- just like electricity -- rather than having
to build and maintain computing infrastructures in house.
Arduino- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a
Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board.
Blynk app- Blynk is a Platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and
the likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic interface for your
project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It's really simple to set everything up and you’ll
start tinkering in less than 5 mins. Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. Instead, it's
supporting hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the
Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online.
The remote health monitoring system can be applied in the following scenarios:

1. A patient is known to have a medical condition with unstable regulatory body system. This
is in cases where a new drug is being introduced to a patient.
2. A patient is prone to heart attacks or may have suffered one before. The vitals may be
monitored to predict and alert in advance any indication of the body status.
3. Critical body organ situation.
4. The situation leading to the development of a risky life-threatening condition. This is for
people at an advanced age and maybe having failing health conditions.
Athletes during training. To know which training regimes will produce better results. In recent
times, several systems have come up to address the issue of remote health monitoring. The systems
have a wireless detection system that sends the sensor information wirelessly to a remote server.
Some even adopted a service model that requires one to pay a subscription fee. In developing
countries, this is a hindrance as some people cannot use them due 2 to cost issue involved. There
is also the issue of internet connectivity where some systems to operate, good quality internet for
a real- time remote connection is required. Internet penetration is still a problem in developing
countries. Many of the systems were introduced in the developed countries where the
infrastructure is working perfectly. In most cases, the systems are adapted to work in developing
countries. To reduce some of these problems there is need to approach the remote detection from
a ground-up approach to suit the basic minimal conditions presently available in developing
countries. A simple patient monitoring system design can be approached by the number of
parameters it can detect.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Tao Liu, Yoshio Inoue, Kyoko Shibata, “Development of a wearable sensor
system for quantitative gait analysis, Measurement” (Journal of Medical
Devices Vol. 42, pp.978988, 2009.)[1]
Internet of Things (IoT) is the emerging paradigm, which contains huge amount of smart
object and smart devices connected to the internet for communicating with each other. IoT
devices are used in many fields which make the users’ day to day life more comfortable.
These smart devices are used to collect temperature, blood pressure, sugar level etc., which
are used to evaluate the health condition of the patient. Communicating the collected
information to the doctor, making accurate decision on the data collected and notifying the
patient is the challenging task in the IoT. In this paper, the architecture of the Patient Health
Monitoring System (PHMS) using IoT devices is proposed to collect the required parameters
and evaluate the data obtained from the IoT devices. PHMS also notifies the patient with
possible precautionary measures to be practised by them. This system suggests the patient
with medical care and next step to be followed in case of critical situation. The PHMS
system is evaluated for certain parameters and the decisions made on the data obtained from
the source are assumed to evaluate the system. The simulated results experiments the
correctness and effectiveness of the proposed system.

2.2 Franca Delmastro, “Pervasive communications in healthcare, Computer

Communications”, (International Conference on Distributed Computing
Systems Vol.35, pp.12841295, 2012) [2]
In this paper he has discussed that the innovations of the new generation systems are the
development of continuous monitoring features for the patient and the improvement of
workflows and productivity of medical personal. There has been emphasize on the various
wireless technologies and the advantages of using those technologies for faster
communication. E-Health Service Support In IPv6- Vehicular Networks by Imadali S. et al
(2012). This paper provides an IPv6 vehicular platform which integrates e-Health devices
and allows sending captured health-related data to a Personal Health Record (PHR)
application server in the IPv6 Internet. Security is a key concern in the IoT devices
management. The four identified security requirements are:
(i.) Secure authentication and authorization.

(ii.) Secure bootstrapping of objects and transmission of data.
(iii.) Security of IoT data.
(iv.) Secure access to data by authorized persons.
2.3 Gennaro Tartarisco, Giovanni Baldus, Daniele Corda, Rossella Raso,

Antonino Arnao, Marcello Ferro, Andrea Gaggioli, Giovanni Pioggia,
“Personal Health System architecture for stress monitoring and support to
clinical decisions, Computer Communications”, (Journal ELSEVIER Vol.35,
pp.12961305, 2012) [3]
In this paper, the author developed a personal health diagnosis based on the symptoms of
the patient. A huge amount of collected data is used to analyse the disease and risk of the
patients. And this work an automatic simple, compact and efficient pervasive architecture
for the evaluation of the stress state of individual subjects in a natural environment with a
minimal discomfort for the subject is reported. Differently from the state-of-the-art, our
system is suitable for prolonged stress monitoring during normal activity. The innovative

contribution of the paper relies on the pro-cessing approach able to automatically identify
stress conditions of the patient from physiological and behavioural information. More-over,
our architecture and method is able to remotely (anytime and anywhere) acquire and analyse
heterogeneous medical data originating from historic data, medical knowledge sources,
collection of vital sign data by wearable sensors and handheld devices, as well as it is able
to control all modules of the elaboration chain, including clinical protocol management and
the sensor interfaces, and to support clinical decisions. The architecture is modular, flexible
and simple, and has the potentiality to empower the user to take a more proactive role in
prevention of stress, guided by data coming from sensor networks and personal health
profile.
2.4 Jieranet. Al, Congting, Hongyun, “Personal Health System architecture for
stress monitoring and support to clinical decisions”, (IEEE, 19 May 2012)
[4]
He developed a RFID technology and intelligent systems, which detects the disinfected
articles and alerts the medical staff to wash the hands after the contact with the disinfectant
articles. IoT techniques can be used to promote healthcare in a better way. The health related
information could be interacted with doctors who are in emergency. Even in the absence of
the doctor near the patient or in the hospital, the doctor can know the patients’ status so that
the doctor’s advice is given in critical cases. Developments in computational techniques
including clinical decision support systems, information processing, wireless
communication and data mining hold new premises in Personal Health Systems. Pervasive
Healthcare system architecture finds today an effective application and represents in
perspective a real technological breakthrough promoting a paradigm shift from diagnosis
and treatment of patients based on symptoms to diagnosis and treatment based on risk
assessment. Such architectures must be able to collect and manage a large quantity of data
supporting the physicians in their decision process through a continuous pervasive remote
monitoring model aimed to enhance the understanding of the dynamic disease evolution and
personal risk. In this work an automatic simple, compact, wireless, personalized and cost
efficient pervasive architecture for the evaluation of the stress state of individual subjects
suitable for prolonged stress monitoring during normal activity is described. A novel

integrated processing approach based on an autoregressive model, artificial neural networks

and fuzzy logic modeling allows stress conditions to be automatically identified with a
mobile setting analyzing features of the electrocardiographic signals and human motion. The
performances of the reported architecture were assessed in terms of classification of stress
conditions. Developments in computational techniques including clinical decision support
systems, information processing, wireless communication and data mining hold new
premises in Personal Health Systems. Pervasive Healthcare system architecture finds today
an effective application and represents in perspective a real technological breakthrough
promoting a paradigm shift from diagnosis and treatment of patients based on symptoms to
diagnosis and treatment based on risk assessment. Such architectures must be able to collect
and manage a large quantity of data supporting the physicians in their decision process
through a continuous pervasive remote monitoring model aimed to enhance the
understanding of the dynamic disease evolution and personal risk. In this work an automatic
simple, compact, wireless, personalized and cost efficient pervasive architecture for the
evaluation of the stress state of individual subjects suitable for prolonged stress monitoring
during normal activity is described. A novel integrated processing approach based on an
autoregressive model, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic modeling allows stress
conditions to be automatically identified with a mobile setting analyzing features of the
electrocardiographic signals and human motion. The performances of the reported
architecture were assessed in terms of classification of stress conditions.
2.5 Mohammed Riyadh Abdmeziem, Djamel Tandjaoui, An end-to-end secure

key management protocol for e-health applications, Computers and
Electrical Engineering (International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) Vol.44, pp.184-197, 2015.) [5]
In this paper, the author addresses the key distribution is required to secure the e- health
applications. A protocol for key management which allows the captured data to be
transferred in a secured channel was proposed. An IoT deployment in healthcare needs more
security because the data of any patients is more sensible and it should not be misused by

any bad elements in the society. In the context of Internet of Things (IoT), e-health
applications have emerged as a promising approach to provide unobtrusive support for
elderly and frail people. However, due to the limited resources available and privacy
concerns, security issues constitute a major obstacle to their deployment. In order to ensure
data confidentiality and authentication, key distribution is required to secure end to end
communications. However, in IoT environment, e-health systems are unable to run existing
standard key management protocols due to their highly constrained resources. In this paper,
we propose a new light weight key management protocol. This protocol is based on
collaboration to establish a secure end to end communication channel between a highly
resource constrained node and a remote entity. The secure channel allows constrained nodes
to transmit captured data while ensuring confidentiality and authentication. To achieve this
goal, we propose to offload highly consuming cryptographic primitives to third parties. As
a result, constrained nodes obtain assistance from more powerful entities in order to securely
establish a shared secret with any remote entity. To assess our protocol, we conduct a formal
validation regarding its security properties. In addition, we evaluate both communication
and computational costs to highlight energy savings. The results show that our protocol
provides a considerable gain in energy consumption while its security properties are kept
safe.
2.6 Yao Liang Chen , M.W. Tananda ,Siu Cheung Hui ( “A 3G/WiFi-enabled
6LoWPAN- based U-healthcare system for ubiquitous real-time
monitoring and data logging,” Annual Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences 2015) [6]
Required data can be accessed at the subscribers end by manipulating data at the subscribers
end we can directly access the data on so an so time exactly by using COSS. Other systems
such as those proposed earlier are based on the IoT technology bring advantages in terms of
perception, transmission and application of information in the field perspectives of health
and medical care. Enabling smart, an accessible and communication system based on IoT
hosting segments such as: medical equipment, information management control medication
of patients, telemedicine, mobile medical care, and personal health management, among
others. With the increasing health related problems and lack of proper solution in healthcare

to monitor the patients in the absence of doctor. The patients face serious problems and lost
life in critical conditions, Hence to overcome these problems the new Patient Health
Monitoring System (PHMS) was proposed to monitor (P. Kakria) and evaluate the status of
each patient by the doctor even in their absence in hospital or near the patient. Ubiquitous
healthcare (U-healthcare) systems are expected to offer flexible and resilient high-end
technological solutions enabling remote monitoring of patients health status in real-time and
provisioning of feedback and remote actions by healthcare providers. In this paper, we
present a 6LowPAN based U-healthcare platform that contributes to the realization of the
above expectation. The proposed system comprises two sensor nodes sending temperature
data and ECG signals to a remote processing unit. These sensors are being assigned an IPv6
address to enable the Internet-of-Things (IoT) functionality. A 6LowPAN-enabled edge
router, connected to a PC, is serving as a base station through a serial interface, to collect
data from the sensor nodes. Furthermore, a program interfacing through a Serial-
LineInternet-Protocol (SLIP) and running on the PC provides a network interface that
receives IPv6 packets from the edge router. The above system is enhanced by having the
application save readings from the sensors into a file that can be downloaded by a remote
server using a free Cloud service such as Ubuntu One. This enhancement makes the system
robust against data loss especially for outdoor healthcare services, where the 3G/4G
connectivity may get lost because of signal quality fluctuations. The system provided a proof
of concept of successful remote U-healthcare monitoring illustrating the IoT functionality
and involving 3G/4G connectivity while being enhanced by a cloud-based backup.

CHAPTER 3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 MOTIVATION
The Internet of Things (IoT) standards have been extensively used to interconnect the handy
clinical assets and offer smart, reliable, and fine healthcare carrier to the patients. Health
monitoring for energetic and supported living is one of the standards that can use the IoT
advantages to progress the patient’s lifestyle. In this project, I have an IoT architecture modified
for healthcare applications. The target of the project used to be to originate up with a Remote
Health Monitoring System that can be made with locally available sensors with a view to making
it cheap if it has been to be mass produced.
3.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Remote health monitoring can provide useful physiological information in the home of the
patient. This monitoring is useful for elderly or chronically ill patients who would like to avoid
a long hospital stay. Wireless sensors are used to collect and transmit signals of interest and a
processor is programmed to receive and automatically analyze the sensor signals. In this project,
you are to choose appropriate sensors according to what you would like to detect and design
algorithms to realize your detection. Examples are the detection of a fall, monitoring cardiac

signals. Using a single parameter monitoring system an approach to a remote health monitoring
system was designed that extends healthcare from the traditional clinic or hospital setting to the
patient's home. The system was to collect a heartbeat detection system data, fall detection system
data, temperature data and few other parameters. The data from the single parameter monitoring
systems was then availed for remote detection. During design the following characteristics of
the future medical applications adhered:
(a.) Integration with current trends in medical practices and technology.
(b.) Real-time, long-term, remote monitoring, miniature, wearable sensors and long
battery life of a designed device.
(c.) Assistance to the elderly and chronic patients. The device should be easy to use with
minimal buttons.
3.3 AIM
Our aim is to monitor the condition which can affect the human body working i.e., his body
blood circulation that can be measured by knowing her pulse rate for that purpose we are
using the pulse rate detecting sensor by getting all the parameter we can now analyze that
whether the patient is alright or whether he is having any problem.
3.4 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It’s comprised of
three main parts. The first part being, detection of patient’s vitals using sensors, second for
sending data to cloud storage and the last part was providing the detected data for remote
viewing. Some of the following objectives are given below:
❖ To develop an IoT architecture customized for healthcare applications.

❖ The aim of the project was to come up with a Remote Health Monitoring System that
can be made with locally available sensors with a view to making it affordable if it were
to be mass produced.
❖ Remote viewing of the data by a doctor or guardian to monitor a patient’s health progress
away from hospital premises.

❖ To design and implement a reliable, cheap, low powered, and accurate system that can
be used on a regular basis and monitors the vital signs using ESP32, ARDUINO &
Multiple Sensor.
CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
4.1 METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED
In which our main aim is to monitor the patients all the parameters to get to know the
condition of the patient who is somewhere away from the person who want to get to know the
patient details in that case what we need to do is first we will get the temperature of the patient
to get to know initial condition if the temperature is low then the expected then the patient may

be sweating and if the body temperature of the body is above the normal condition then the
patient is having the fever.
Then our aim is to monitor the condition which can affect the human body working i.e., his
body blood circulation that can be measured by knowing her pulse rate for that purpose we are
using the pulse-rate detecting sensor by getting ball the parameter we can now analyze that
whether the patient is alright or whether he is having any problem. Remote health monitoring
can provide useful physiological information in the home. This monitoring is useful for elderly
or chronically ill patients who would like to avoid a long hospital stay. Wireless sensors are
used to collect and transmit signals of interest and a processor is programmed to receive and
automatically analyze the sensor signals.
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

THINGSPEAK
Fig. 4.2.1: Block Diagram of methodology followed.

CHAPTER 5
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
CHAPTER 5 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
5.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

1. NodeMCU ESP32
2. I2C_LCD display
3. ECG sensor
4. Pulse Oximeter And Heart Rate Sensor
5. Temperature sensor
6. Power supply

NodeMCU ESP32
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated

Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6
microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core
microprocessor and a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna
switches, RF balun, power amplifier, and low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and
powermanagement modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a
Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process.
It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.
Fig. 5.1.1: NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller.
Features of the ESP32 include the following:
• Processors: o CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor,

operating at 160 or
240 MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS
o Ultralow power (ULP) co-processor Memory: 320
KiB RAM, 448 KiB ROM Wireless connectivity:
o Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n o Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE

(shares the radio with Wi-Fi) Peripheral interfaces:
o 34 × programmable GPIOs o 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18

channels o 2 × 8-bit DACs o 10 × touch sensors (capacitive
sensing GPIOs) o 4 × SPI o 2 × I²S interfaces o 2 × I²C

interfaces o 3 × UART o SD/SDIO/CE-ATA/MMC/e MMC

host controller o SDIO/SPI slave controller
o Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and planned IEEE
1588 Precision Time
Protocol support[4] o
CAN bus 2.0
o Infrared remote controller (TX/RX, up to 8 channels) o Motor
PWM
o LED PWM (up to 16 channels) o Hall effect sensor o Ultralow
power analog pre-amplifier.
• Security:
o IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported, including

WPA, WPA2, WPA3
(depending on version)[5] and WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (WAPI)
o Secure boot o Flash encryption o 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for
customers o Cryptographic hardware acceleration: AES, SHA-2,
RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), random number generator
(RNG) Power management:
o Internal low-dropout regulator. o Individual power domain for

RTC.
o 5 μA deep sleep current.

o Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements,
capacitive touch sensor interrupt.

Fig. 5.1.2: Functional Block Diagram of ESP32.
I2C_LCD Display
This is a 16x2 LCD display screen with I2C interface. It is able to display 16x2 characters on 2
lines, white characters on blue background. Usually, Arduino LCD display projects will run out of
pin resources easily, especially with Arduino Uno. And it is also very complicated with the wire
soldering and connection. This I2C 16x2 Arduino LCD Screen is using an I2C communication
interface. It means it only needs 4 pins for the LCD display: VCC, GND, SDA, and SCL. It will
save at least 4 digital/analog pins on Arduino. All connectors are standard XH2.54 (Breadboard
type). You can connect with the jumper wire directly.

Fig. 5.1.3: I2C 16x2 LCD display.
Features of 16×2 LCD module:
• Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

• Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
• Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
• Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters where each character is built by
a 5×8 pixel box.
• It can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode and can also display any custom generated
characters and available in Green and Blue backlight.
ECG SENSOR
The electrocardiography or ECG is a technique for gathering electrical signals which are generated
from the human heart. When someone experiences physiological arousal then the ECG sensor
allows us to recognize the level, however, it is also used for understanding the psychological state
of humans. So an AD8232 sensor is used to calculate the electrical activity of the heart. This is a
small chip and the electrical action of this can be charted like an ECG (Electrocardiogram).
Electrocardiography can be used to help in diagnosing different conditions of the heart.
The AD8232 ECG sensor is a commercial board used to calculate the electrical movement of the
human heart. This action can be chart like an Electrocardiogram and the output of this is an analog

reading. Electrocardiograms can be very noisy, so to reduce the noise the AD8232 chip can be
used. The working principle of the ECG sensor is like an operational amplifier to help in getting
a clear signal from the intervals simply.
The AD8232 sensor is used for signal conditioning in ECG as well as other measurement
applications of bio potential. The main purpose of this chip is to amplify, extract as well as filter
bio potential signals which are small in the noisy conditions like those formed through the
replacement of remote electrode as well as motion.
Fig. 5.1.4: ECG Sensor.
The heart rate monitoring sensor like AD8232 includes the pins like SDN pin, LO+ pin, LO- pin,
OUTPUT pin, 3.3V pin, and GND pin. So that we can connect this IC to development boards like
Arduino by soldering pins. Additionally, this board includes pins like the right arm (RA), left arm
(LA) & right leg (RL) pins to connect custom sensors. An LED indicator in this board is used to
indicate the heartbeat rhythm of humans.
The AD8232 sensor comprises a function like quick restore, used to decrease the length of long
resolving tails of the HPFs. This sensor is accessible in a 4 mm × 4 mm size, and the package of
this sensor is 20-lead LFCSP. It operates from −40°C -to- +85°C but the performance is specified
from 0°C -to- 70°C.
The features of this sensor mainly include the following:

• Operation of single supply ranges from 2V to 3.5V.

• The front end is integrated fully with only lead ECG.
• The virtual ground can be generated through integrated reference.
• RFI filter is used internally.
• The current supply is low like 170 µA.
• The output is rail to rail.
• Shutdown pin.
• CMRR is 80 dB.
• Incorporated RLD amplifier (right leg drive.
• Electrode configurations are 2 or 3.
• The operational amplifier is uncommitted.
• It accepts half-cell potential up to ±300 mV.
• Three-pole adaptable LPF with adaptable gain.
• The signal gain is high using DC blocking capacity.
• Filter settling can be improved by quick restore.
• Two-pole adaptable HPF.
• 4 mm × 4 mm and 20-lead LFCSP package.
PULSE OXIMETER and HEART RATE SENSOR

The MAX30102 is an integrated pulse oximetry and heart-rate monitor module. It includes internal
LEDs, photodetectors, optical elements, and low-noise electronics with ambient light rejection.
The MAX30102 provides a complete system solution to ease the design-in process for mobile and
wearable devices. The MAX30102 operates on a single 1.8V power supply and a separate 3.3V
power supply for the internal LEDs. Communication is through a standard I2C-compatible
interface. The module can be shut down through software with zero standby current, allowing the
power rails to remain powered at all times.

Fig. 5.1.5: MAX30102 sensor.
Benefits and Features:

• Heart-Rate Monitor and Pulse Oximeter Sensor in LED Reflective Solution.
• Tiny 5.6mm x 3.3mm x 1.55mm 14-Pin Optical Module
• Integrated Cover Glass for Optimal, Robust Performance.
• Ultra-Low Power Operation for Mobile Devices
• Programmable Sample Rate and LED Current for Power Savings.
• Low-Power Heart-Rate Monitor (< 1mW) and Ultra-Low Shutdown Current (0.7µA).
• Fast Data Output Capability
• High Sample Rates.
• High SNR.
• -40°C to +85°C Operating Temperature Range.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The DS18B20 is a 1-wire programmable Temperature sensor from maxim integrated. It is widely
used to measure temperature in hard environments like in chemical solutions, mines or soil etc.
The constriction of the sensor is rugged and also can be purchased with a waterproof option making
the mounting process easy. Each sensor has a unique address and requires only one pin of the MCU
to transfer data so it a very good choice for measuring temperature at multiple points without
compromising much of your digital pins on the microcontroller.

Fig. 5.1.6: DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
DS18B20 Sensor Specifications:

• Programmable Digital Temperature Sensor.
• Communicates using 1-Wire method.
• Operating voltage: 3V to 5V.
• Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C.
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C.
• Output Resolution: 9-bit to 12-bit (programmable).
• Unique 64-bit address enables multiplexing.
• Conversion time: 750ms at 12-bit.
• Programmable alarm options.
• Available as To-92, SOP and even as a waterproof sensor.
5.2 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
1. Arduino IDE
2. ThingSpeak

Arduino IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for

Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and
upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, other
vendor development boards. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General
Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules
of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic
functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a
program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also
included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program AVRDUDE to convert
the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board
by a loader program in the board's firmware. By default, AVRDUDE is used as the uploading tool
to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards. Arduino IDE is a derivative of the Processing
IDE, however as of version 2.0, the Processing IDE will be replaced with the Visual Studio Code-
based Eclipse Theia IDE framework. With the rising popularity of Arduino as a software
platform, other vendors started to implement custom open source compilers and tools (cores) that
can build and upload sketches to other microcontrollers that are not supported by Arduino's
official line of microcontrollers.
Fig. 5.2.1: Arduino IDE
Programming done in Arduino IDE with the help of Embedded C:





Fig. 5.2.2: Program Screenshots
THINGSPEAK
Internet of Things (IoT) describes an emerging trend where a large number of embedded devices
(things) are connected to the Internet. These connected devices communicate with people and other
things and often provide sensor data to cloud storage and cloud computing resources where the
data is processed and analyzed to gain important insights. Cheap cloud computing power and
increased device connectivity is enabling this trend. IoT solutions are built for many vertical
applications such as environmental monitoring and control, health monitoring, vehicle fleet
monitoring, industrial monitoring and control, and home automation.
At a high level, many IoT systems can be described using the diagram below:
Fig. 5.2.3: ThingSpeak Flow Diagram.
On the left, we have the smart devices (the “things” in IoT) that live at the edge of the network.
These devices collect data and include things like wearable devices, wireless temperatures sensors,

heart rate monitors, and hydraulic pressure sensors, and machines on the factory floor. In the
middle, we have the cloud where data from many sources is aggregated and analyzed in real time,
often by an IoT analytics platform designed for this purpose.
The right side of the diagram depicts the algorithm development associated with the IoT
application. Here an engineer or data scientist tries to gain insight into the collected data by
performing historical analysis on the data. In this case, the data is pulled from the IoT platform into
a desktop software environment to enable the engineer or scientist to prototype algorithms that
may eventually execute in the cloud or on the smart device itself. An IoT system includes all these
elements. ThingSpeak fits in the cloud part of the diagram and provides a platform to quickly
collect and analyze data from internet connected sensors.
ThingSpeak allows you to aggregate, visualize and analyze live data streams in the cloud. Some of
the key capabilities of ThingSpeak include the ability to:
• Easily configure devices to send data to ThingSpeak using popular IoT protocols.
• Visualize your sensor data in real-time.
• Aggregate data on-demand from third-party sources.
• Use the power of MATLAB to make sense of your IoT data.
• Run your IoT analytics automatically based on schedules or events.
• Prototype and build IoT systems without setting up servers or developing web software.
ThingSpeak works on three basic principles. They are mentioned below in below:
1. Collect: Send sensor data privately to the cloud.

2. Analyze: Analyze and visualize your data with MATLAB.
3. Act: Trigger a reaction.

CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
6.1 RESULTS
With the use of Arduino IDE we have compiled the above mentioned program in Chapter 5 and
dumped it in the ESP32. We have rigged up the circuit with the help of various sensors and we
have obtained the data of the patient’s heart rate, temperature, and oxygen level in the body. By
default the values of heart rate and oxygen level are fixed at -999. The oxygen level (spO2) can go
to a maximum of 100. From the data collected through our Health monitoring system, we have
obtained the graph of various parameters like temperature, oxygen level, ECG, temperature as the
function of time with the help of ThingSpeak which allowed us to observe the readings of various
parameters even if far away from the system. ThingSpeak has a facility of private channel through
which only the required number of people can watch the readings. Screenshots of the graphs are
mentioned below:

Fig. 6.1: graphs of temperature and heart rate v/s. time.

Fig.6.2: graphs of oxygen level and ECG v/s. time.
6.2 CONCLUSION
An efficient Health monitoring system is developed to monitor the up to date status of the patient
irrespective of the presence of the doctor. The system collects information like temperature, blood
pressure of the patient and updates the same to the doctor.
The doctor can monitor the progress of patients' health now and then to advise them about their
health.
The system can be extended by adding more features to the mobile application like linking the
ambulance services, leading doctor's list and their specialities, hospitals and their special facilities
etc.
CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES
1. K. E. Campbell, D. E. Oliver, E. H. Shortliffe, "The Unified Medical Language System:

toward a collaborative approach for solving terminologic problems ", Journal of
American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 5, pp. 12 -6, Jan-Feb 1998.
2. A. Gangemi, D. M. Pisanelli, G. Steve, "An overview of the ONIONS project:

applying ontologies to the integration of medical terminologies", Data &Knowledge
Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 183-220, 1999.
3. A. Jovic, M. Prcela, D. Gamberger, "Ontologies in Medical Knowledge

Representation", Proc. of Int. Conference Information Technology Interfaces, pp.
535-540, 2007.
4. “The Process Specification Language,” International Standards Organization ISO TC

184/SC5 Meeting, Paris", J.J. Michel, A.F. Cutting Decelle, April 2004.

5. D. M. Pisanelli, A. Gangemi, G. Steve, "A Medical ontology library that integrates the
UMLS MetathesaurusTM", Lecture Notes In Computer Science; Vol. 1620 Proc. of Joint
European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Decision Making,
pp. 239-248, 1999.
6. A. L. Rector, J. Rogers, P. Pole, "The GALEN high level ontology", Proc. of Medical
Informatics in Europe, pp. 174-178, 1996.
7. K. Spackman, K. Campbell, R. Côté, "SNOMED RT: a reference terminology for health

care", Proc. ofthe1997 AMIA Symposium, pp. 25-29, 1997.
8. P. Zweigenbaum, Consortium Menelas, "Menelas: Coding and information retrieval

from natural language patient discharge summaries" in Advances in Health Telematics,
Amsterdam:IOS Press, pp. 82-89, 1995.
9. M. Stark, "A look at LOINC - The Established Standard for Lab Data Gains Visibility
as Data Exchange Increases", Journal of American Health Information Management
Association, vol. 77, no. 7, pp. 52-5, 2006.
10. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of the chronic heart failure, 2005.
11. Health Level 7 (HL7), 2008.
12. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (The) ICD-
10 Second Edition, World Health Organization, 2004.
13. The National Drug Code Directory, 2008.
14. MOBI-DEV project portal.
15. A Micro-syntax for Devices Machines & Humans.


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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI - 590018

MINI PROJECT REPORT

“IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM”

YUVRAJ SINGH 1MV20EE078

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Signature of guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Signature with Date

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT ii

SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering

I, student of VI semester Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Electrical and

MOHITH N YUVRAJ SINGH

MD NAWAZ SHARIF KHAN PRANAV RAJ

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT iii

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT iv

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT v

Chapter 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 12

Chapter 3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 19

Chapter 5. COMPONENTS REQUIRED 25

Chapter 6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 41

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT vi

Fig.-No. FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT vii

1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS

(i.) Remote monitoring medical parameters.

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 8

1.2 BASIC TERMINOLOGIES

Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

Arduino- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 9

3. Critical body organ situation.

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 10

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 11

2.2 Franca Delmastro, “Pervasive communications in healthcare, Computer

(i.) Secure authentication and authorization.

2.3 Gennaro Tartarisco, Giovanni Baldus, Daniele Corda, Rossella Raso,

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 12

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 13

integrated processing approach based on an autoregressive model, artificial neural networks

2.5 Mohammed Riyadh Abdmeziem, Djamel Tandjaoui, An end-to-end secure

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 14

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 15

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 16

3.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 17

❖ To develop an IoT architecture customized for healthcare applications.

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 18

4.1 METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 19

4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 20

Fig. 4.2.1: Block Diagram of methodology followed.

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 21

CHAPTER 5 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

5.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

Dept. of EEE, Sir MVIT 22

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated

Fig. 5.1.1: NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller.

Features of the ESP32 include the following:

• Processors: o CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor,