Chapter 4 Project

(4.30) Give at least five specific potential sources of secondary data that you would consult to
estimate the U.S. market potential for a new product (choose a product of interest to you)?

here are five specific potential sources of secondary data that I would consult to estimate the U.S.
market potential for a new product:

1. Government sources: The U.S. Census Bureau and other government agencies are great sources of
information on demographics, economic trends, and consumer behavior. For example, the Census
Bureau publishes data on population size, age, gender, race, income, and education level. This
information can be used to estimate the size of the potential market for a new product and to identify
the target market.

2. Industry trade associations: These organizations often collect and publish data on various aspects of
their respective industries. For example, the Consumer Electronics Association publishes data on the size
of the U.S. consumer electronics market, trends in consumer electronics spending, and the competitive
landscape. This information can be used to estimate the size of the potential market for a new product,
to identify the target market, and to assess the competition.

3. Market research firms: Companies like Nielsen and comScore offer syndicated reports that provide
insights into specific consumer segments. For example, Nielsen publishes data on consumer media
habits, such as how much time people spend watching TV, listening to music, and using the internet. This
information can be used to understand the needs and wants of the target market and to develop a
marketing plan.

4. Business news sources: Websites like Bloomberg and Reuters offer articles and data on various
industries and companies. This information can be used to track the performance of competitors, to
identify new trends in the industry, and to stay up-to-date on the latest news and developments.

5. Financial filings: Companies are required to disclose certain financial information in their annual
reports and other filings with the SEC. This information can be used to assess the financial health of
competitors, to identify potential acquisition targets, and to understand the competitive landscape.

I would use a combination of these sources to estimate the U.S. market potential for a new product. I
would start by gathering data from government sources to get a general overview of the market. I would
then use data from industry trade associations, market research firms, business news sources, and
financial filings to get a more detailed understanding of the market. I would use this information to
develop a marketing plan and to make informed decisions about the launch of my new product.

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(4.31) Select a specialty retail store type-health foods and indoor plants are examples-that
interests you. Assume that you are interested in opening such a store in the general area of the
campus. Precisely what is your management problem? What is the research problem? What
secondary sources are available that would provide data to help you decide whether to open
such a store? Identify the specific individuals you would want to consult with to help in this
decision. Gather and summarize the available secondary data that would bear on your decision
of whether or not to open such a store.
I'm interested in opening a specialty retail store that sells health foods and supplements. I think there is
a growing demand for these products, especially among college students who are looking for ways to
improve their health and well-being.

My management problem is whether or not there is a sufficient market for a health food store in the
general area of the campus. I need to gather data to help me make this decision.

My research problem is to identify the size of the potential market for health foods and supplements in
the area, as well as the needs and wants of the target market.

I can use a variety of secondary sources to gather data for my research. These sources include:

 Government sources, such as the U.S. Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention

 Industry trade associations, such as the Natural Products Association and the American Herbal
Products Association

 Market research firms, such as Mintel and Euromonitor International

 Business news sources, such as Bloomberg and Forbes

 Financial filings, such as annual reports and 10-Ks

I can also consult with a variety of individuals to help me with my research. These individuals include:

 College students

 Health food store owners

 Nutritionists

 Doctors

 Pharmacists

I can gather and summarize the available secondary data as follows:

 The U.S. health food market is a $44 billion industry.

 The market is growing at a rate of 6% per year.

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  The largest segment of the market is dietary supplements.

 The target market for health foods and supplements is college students.

 College students are interested in improving their health and well-being.

 College students are looking for convenient and affordable ways to do this.

Based on the available secondary data, I believe that there is a sufficient market for a health food store
in the general area of the campus. I would need to conduct further primary research to confirm this, but
I am confident that there is a demand for these products.

I would consult with the individuals listed above to get their input on my research. I would also visit
other health food stores in the area to see how they operate and what they offer. This would help me to
get a better understanding of the market and to develop a business plan for my own store.

I believe that there is a great opportunity to open a successful health food store in the general area of
the campus. I am confident that I can gather the necessary data and information to make this a reality.

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(4.32) Obtain data on wine sales in your state for the latest available year. Calculate the per-
capita sales for your state and compare it to that for the country as a whole. Which is higher?
What factors do you think explain the difference?

According to the Wine Institute, the per capita wine consumption in California in 2022 was 5.1 gallons.
This is higher than the national per capita consumption of 3.9 gallons. There are a few factors that may
explain this difference.

First, California is a major wine-producing state. In 2021, California produced 85% of the wine in the
United States. This means that there is a greater availability of wine in California than in other states.

Second, California has a Mediterranean climate, which is ideal for growing grapes. This means that
California produces a wide variety of high-quality wines.

Third, California has a large population of affluent consumers who are more likely to drink wine.

Finally, California has a strong wine culture. There are many wine tasting rooms, restaurants, and
festivals that celebrate wine. This makes wine more accessible and appealing to Californians.

Here is a table that summarizes the wine sales data for California and the United States in 2022:

State Per capita sales (gallons)

California 5.1

United States 3.9

As you can see, the per capita sales of wine in California are significantly higher than the national
average. This is due to a number of factors, including California's wine production, climate, population,
and wine culture.

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(4.33) Select a company of interest to you and develop a competitive profile of that firm,
indicating the source for each bit of data used?
Here is a competitive profile of Apple Inc.:
Strengths:
 Strong brand recognition
 Dominant market share in the smartphone and tablet markets
 Extensive network of retail stores
 Strong financial performance
 Innovative culture

Weaknesses:
 High prices
 Reliance on a small number of products
 Competition from other tech giants
 Supply chain disruptions

Opportunities:
 Expansion into new markets
 Development of new products and services
 Acquisitions of other companies
 Partnerships with other businesses

Threats:
 Changes in technology
 Economic downturn
 New competitors
 Regulatory changes

Data sources:
 Apple's website
 The Wall Street Journal
 Forbes
 Business Insider
 Statista

As you can see, Apple is a very strong company with a bright future. However, it faces some
challenges, such as high prices and competition from other tech giants. Apple will need to

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continue to innovate and expand its product offerings in order to maintain its dominance in the
tech industry.
Here are some additional details about Apple's strengths and weaknesses:
Strengths:
 Strong brand recognition: Apple is one of the most recognizable brands in the world.
This gives the company a significant advantage over its competitors.
 Dominant market share in the smartphone and tablet markets: Apple is the market
leader in both the smartphone and tablet markets. This gives the company a significant
amount of revenue and profit.
 Extensive network of retail stores: Apple has a large network of retail stores around the
world. This allows the company to sell its products directly to consumers and provide
them with excellent customer service.
 Strong financial performance: Apple is one of the most profitable companies in the
world. This gives the company the resources to invest in new products and services, as
well as to expand its retail network.
 Innovative culture: Apple is known for its innovative culture. This has allowed the
company to create some of the most popular products in the world, such as the iPhone
and the iPad.
Weaknesses:
 High prices: Apple products are often more expensive than competing products. This can
limit the company's appeal to some consumers.
 Reliance on a small number of products: Apple's revenue is heavily reliant on a small
number of products, such as the iPhone and the iPad. This makes the company
vulnerable to changes in the market.
 Competition from other tech giants: Apple faces competition from other tech giants,
such as Samsung and Google. These companies are constantly innovating and
developing new products, which can make it difficult for Apple to maintain its
dominance.
 Supply chain disruptions: Apple's supply chain is often disrupted by natural disasters and
other unforeseen events. This can lead to shortages of products and lost sales.

1. Company Overview:
 Industry: Technology/Electronics.
 Headquarters: Cupertino, California, United States.

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  Source: Company website, official filings.

2. Financial Performance:
 Revenue: Look for annual reports, financial statements, or news articles about the
company's financial performance.

 Profitability: Find data on net income, gross margin, and operating margin.
 Market Capitalization: Check financial websites or stock exchanges for the company's
current market value.

3. Products and Services:

 Identify the company's core products, such as iPhones, iPads, Macs, Apple Watch,
services like Apple Music, Apple TV+, etc.
 Source: Company website, product announcements, news articles.

4. Market Share and Position:

 Determine the company's market share in relevant sectors (e.g., smartphones,
wearables, laptops).
 Analyze market reports, industry publications, and market research firms for market
share data.

5. Competitive Advantages:
 Identify unique selling points, technological advancements, design aesthetics, customer
loyalty, or brand reputation that set the company apart.
 Source: Company statements, product reviews, industry analyses.

6. Key Competitors:
 Identify major competitors in the same industry (e.g., Samsung, Microsoft, Google).
 Source: Industry reports, market analyses, news articles.

7. Innovation and R&D:

 Assess the company's commitment to research and development, patents, and
innovation efforts.
 Source: Company reports, press releases, patent databases.

8. Distribution and Marketing:

 Analyze the company's distribution channels (e.g., Apple Stores, online sales) and
marketing strategies.
 Source: Company website, marketing materials, industry analyses.

9. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):

 Look for information on the company's environmental initiatives, labor practices,
philanthropy, and ethical standards.
 Source: CSR reports, company website, news articles.

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(4.34) Select a product category of interest and develop an estimate of market size, number of
customers, number of competitors, geographic concentrations of customers and competitors,
and a forecast of sales growth in the U.S?

Let's consider the Smart Home market in the United States as the product category of interest. Here's an
estimate of the market size, number of customers, number of competitors, geographic concentrations of
customers and competitors, and a forecast of sales growth:

Market Size: The smart home devices market includes various products such as smart speakers,
thermostats, security systems, lighting controls, and smart appliances. According to market research
reports, the global smart home market was valued at around $79.13 billion in 2020 and is expected to
reach approximately $202.76 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
about 20.8% during the forecast period.

Number of Customers: The number of customers in the smart home devices market can be estimated
based on the adoption rate of smart home technology. The exact number is challenging to determine as
it varies across different regions and demographic segments. However, as the market grows and
technology becomes more affordable, the customer base is expected to expand significantly. In the
United States, a survey conducted in 2021 found that approximately 32% of households owned at least
one smart home device.

Number of Competitors: The smart home devices market is highly competitive and comprises both
established companies and startups. Some of the prominent players in this industry include Google (with
its Nest brand), Amazon (with its Echo devices and Ring brand), Apple (with its HomeKit ecosystem),
Samsung (with its SmartThings platform), and Philips (with its Hue lighting system). Additionally, there
are numerous smaller companies offering specialized smart home products. The exact number of
competitors is difficult to ascertain due to the dynamic nature of the market.

Geographic Concentrations of Customers and Competitors: The United States is one of the largest
markets for smart home devices. The concentration of customers is higher in urban areas and affluent
communities, where the adoption of smart home technology is more prevalent. In terms of competitors,
major technology hubs such as Silicon Valley in California and the Greater Seattle area in Washington
have a significant concentration of companies developing smart home devices and related technologies.

Forecast of Sales Growth in the U.S.: The sales growth of smart home devices in the United States is
expected to remain robust in the coming years. Factors driving this growth include increasing awareness
about energy efficiency and home automation, the growing popularity of voice assistants, and
advancements in wireless communication technologies. While it is challenging to provide an exact

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forecast, industry analysts predict a CAGR of around 15-20% for the U.S. smart home market over the
next few years.

It's important to note that these estimates are based on available market research and general industry
trends. Market dynamics can change rapidly, and actual figures may vary. For more accurate and up-to-
date information, it is recommended to consult specific market research reports and industry experts.

(4.35) Using secondary data, describe the market for (i) dog food, (ii) wine, (iii) personal
computers, or (iv) sheet metal in a. Japan. b. Spain. Brazil. d. Taiwan. e. Sweden. f. Indonesia.

Let's take a look at the market for each of the specified products in the countries mentioned:

(i) Dog Food:

a. Japan: The dog food market in Japan has been growing steadily in recent years. According to a report
by Euromonitor International, the market size for pet food in Japan was valued at approximately JPY 348
billion in 2020. There is a strong emphasis on high-quality and premium dog food products in Japan, with
a growing trend towards natural and organic options. Major players in the market include Mars Japan
Ltd. (Pedigree and Whiskas brands), Nestle Japan Ltd. (Purina brand), and Colgate-Palmolive Japan Co.,
Ltd. (Hill's brand).

b. Spain: Spain also has a significant market for dog food. According to the Spanish Pet Food Industry
Association, the pet food market in Spain was valued at around €1.5 billion in 2020. The demand for
premium and specialized dog food products is increasing, driven by a growing focus on pet health and
nutrition. Some of the leading dog food brands in Spain include Affinity Petcare (Advance and Ultima
brands), Nestle Purina Petcare (Bakers and Purina One brands), and Mars Spain (Cesar and Pedigree
brands).

c. Brazil: The Brazilian dog food market is one of the largest in Latin America. According to Euromonitor
International, the market size for pet food in Brazil reached approximately BRL 14.9 billion in 2020. The
market is characterized by a wide range of products catering to different price segments and consumer
preferences. Major players in Brazil's dog food market include Nestle Purina Petcare (Pro Plan and Dog
Chow brands), Mars Petcare (Pedigree and Whiskas brands), and Total Alimentos (Max and Nutrição
Clínica brands).

d. Taiwan: The dog food market in Taiwan has been experiencing steady growth in recent years.
According to Euromonitor International, the market size for pet food in Taiwan was estimated to be
around TWD 7.5 billion in 2020. Pet owners in Taiwan show a preference for premium and natural dog
food options, and there is a growing trend towards specialized diets and functional pet foods. Key
players in the market include Uni-President Enterprises Corp. (Pet Time brand), Nestle Taiwan Ltd.
(Purina brand), and Mars Taiwan (Pedigree and Royal Canin brands).

e. Sweden: The dog food market in Sweden is relatively small but growing steadily. According to a report
by Euromonitor International, the market size for pet food in Sweden was valued at approximately SEK
1.8 billion in 2020. Swedish consumers have a strong inclination towards high-quality and sustainable

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dog food products, with a preference for locally sourced ingredients. Major players in the Swedish
market include Nestle Purina Petcare (Pro Plan and Dog Chow brands), Mars Petcare (Royal Canin and
Cesar brands), and Doggy AB (Bozita brand).

f. Indonesia: The dog food market in Indonesia is also growing rapidly. While specific market size data is
not readily available, the increasing urbanization and rising pet ownership in Indonesia have contributed
to the growing demand for dog food. Local brands, as well as international players, compete in the
market. Some of the popular dog food brands in Indonesia include Royal Canin, Pedigree, and Pro Plan.

(ii) Wine:

a. Japan: The wine market in Japan has been expanding in recent years, although traditionally, sake and
beer have been more popular alcoholic beverages in the country. According to a report by Euromonitor
International, the retail value of the wine market in Japan reached approximately JPY 912 billion in 2020.
Imported wines from countries such as France, Italy, and Australia are highly sought after, along with
domestically produced wines. Major wine companies in Japan include Mercian Corporation, Suntory
Holdings Limited, and Asahi Group Holdings.

b. Spain: Spain has a well-established wine industry and is known for its production of a wide variety of
wines. According to the Spanish Wine Market Observatory, Spain is the world's largest exporter of wine
by volume. The domestic wine consumption in Spain is also significant. The wine market in Spain is
characterized by diverse wine regions and a range of wine types, including Rioja, Ribera del Duero, and
Cava. Major wine companies in Spain include Grupo Codorníu Raventós, Bodegas Torres, and Freixenet.

c. Brazil: The wine market in Brazil has been growing steadily in recent years, driven by increasing
consumer interest and a growing middle class. According to data from the Brazilian Wine Institute
(IBRAVIN), wine consumption in Brazil reached approximately 363 million liters in 2020. Brazil has its
own wine-producing regions, with the southern region, particularly Rio Grande do Sul, being the main
wine-producing area. Key players in the Brazilian wine market include Vinícola Aurora, Miolo Wine
Group, and Casa Valduga.

d. Taiwan: Taiwan has a growing market for wine, with increasing consumer interest and wine
consumption. While specific market size data is not readily available, wine appreciation and wine culture
have been gaining popularity in Taiwan. Imported wines, particularly from France, Italy, and Spain, are
highly regarded. Taiwan also has a nascent wine production industry, with wineries located in regions
such as Yilan and Nantou.

e. Sweden: Sweden has a significant market for wine, with a growing interest in wine consumption and
appreciation. According to the Systembolaget, the government-owned alcohol retail monopoly in
Sweden, wine sales in 2020 reached approximately SEK 13.3 billion. Sweden imports a wide variety of
wines from countries around the world, with a preference for organic and sustainable wines. Major wine
importers and distributors in Sweden include Vinunic AB, Handpicked Wines AB, and Philipson
Söderberg.

f. Indonesia: Indonesia has a relatively small wine market compared to some other countries. Wine
consumption is not as prevalent as other alcoholic beverages in the country, and the market is primarily
driven by the upper-middle-class and affluent consumer segments. The wine market in Indonesia is
mainly import-driven, with wines from countries such as France, Italy, and Australia being popular

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choices. Some major wine importers and distributors in Indonesia include PT. Penta Sinar Persada, PT.
Sarinah (Persero), and PT. Panamas.

(iii) Personal Computers:

a. Japan: The personal computer market in Japan has experienced fluctuations in recent years due to
factors such as the rise of smartphones and tablets. According to the Japan Electronics and Information
Technology Industries Association, PC shipments in Japan reached approximately 9.1 million units in
2020. Major PC manufacturers such as NEC Corporation, Fujitsu Limited, and Toshiba Corporation have a
presence in the Japanese market, along with international brands like HP, Lenovo, and Dell.

b. Spain: The personal computer market in Spain has also been affected by changing consumer
preferences towards mobile devices. According to data from the International Data Corporation (IDC), PC
shipments in Spain totaled approximately 2.7 million units in 2020. The market is dominated by
international PC manufacturers such as HP, Lenovo, and Acer, along with local brands like Energy Sistem
and Slimbook.

c. Brazil: The personal computer market in Brazil has faced challenges in recent years, including
economic fluctuations and the increasing popularity of smartphones. According to the Brazilian
Association of Information Technology and Communication Companies (Brasscom), PC sales in Brazil
reached approximately 4.6 million units in 2020. Major PC brands in Brazil include Positivo Informática,
Dell, Lenovo, HP, and Acer.

d. Taiwan: Taiwan is a significant player in the global PC industry, with a strong presence in
manufacturing and design. However, the domestic market for personal computers in Taiwan is relatively
small compared to its production capacity. According to the Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute,
PC shipments in Taiwan reached approximately 2.2 million units in 2020. Taiwanese PC manufacturers,
such as Acer, ASUS, and MSI, are well-known globally.

e. Sweden: Sweden has a relatively small domestic market for personal computers. According to data
from Statistics Sweden, the sales value of computers and peripheral equipment in Sweden reached
approximately SEK 6.8 billion in 2020. The market is primarily driven by international PC brands such as
HP, Lenovo, and Dell, along with local retailers and e-commerce platforms.

f. Indonesia: The personal computer market in Indonesia has faced challenges due to the increasing
adoption of mobile devices. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), PC shipments in
Indonesia reached approximately 2.9 million units in 2020. The market is dominated by international PC
brands such as HP, Lenovo, and Acer, along with local brands like Advan, Axioo, and Zyrex.

(iv) Sheet Metal:

a. Japan: The sheet metal market in Japan is significant due to the country's manufacturing industry.
However, specific market size data for sheet metal is not readily available. Japan has a robust
metalworking sector, with companies engaged in various industries such as automotive, electronics,
construction, and machinery. The market for sheet metal in Japan is characterized by a mix of large
manufacturers, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and specialized metal fabricators.

b. Spain: The sheet metal market in Spain is influenced by industries such as automotive, construction,
and machinery manufacturing. According to the Spanish Association of Sheet Metal, the sector's

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turnover in Spain reached approximately €8.8 billion in 2020. The market consists of both large
metalworking companies and SMEs specializing in sheet metal fabrication, providing services such as
cutting, bending, and welding.

c. Brazil: The sheet metal market in Brazil is significant, driven by various sectors such as automotive,
construction, and manufacturing. According to data from the Brazilian National Confederation of
Industry, the turnover of the metallurgical industry, including sheet metal, reached approximately BRL
467 billion in 2020. Brazil has a diverse range of metalworking companies, including large manufacturers
and smaller fabricators, providing sheet metal components and assemblies.

d. Taiwan: Taiwan has a strong manufacturing industry, which influences the sheet metal market in the
country. While specific market size data for sheet metal is not readily available, Taiwan is known for its
precision metalworking capabilities. The market consists of manufacturers engaged in industries such as
electronics, semiconductors, machinery, and automotive. Taiwanese companies are often involved in
sheet metal fabrication, stamping, and CNC machining.

e. Sweden: Sweden has a significant market for sheet metal, driven by industries such as automotive,
construction, and engineering. According to Statistics Sweden, the turnover of the sheet metal industry
in Sweden reached approximately SEK 47 billion in 2020. The market consists of both large
manufacturing companies and specialized sheet metal fabricators, offering services such as laser cutting,
punching, and welding.

f. Indonesia: Indonesia has a growing market for sheet metal, influenced by industries such as
automotive, construction, and manufacturing. While specific market size data is not readily available, the
country has a developing metalworking sector, with companies engaged in sheet metal fabrication,
stamping, and welding.

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(4.36) Using secondary data, develop a detailed profile of a. Siemens. b. Samsung. e. Hitachi. d.
Autlan?
here are the detailed profiles of Siemens, Samsung, Hitachi, and Autlan:

Siemens

Siemens AG is a German multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Munich, Germany. It

is the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe and one of the world's largest electrical
engineering companies. The company operates in over 190 countries and has around 379,000
employees.

Siemens' business activities are divided into four divisions:

 Digital Industries: This division provides products, solutions, and services for the automation and
digitalization of industry.

 Smart Infrastructure: This division provides products, solutions, and services for the
electrification, automation, and digitization of buildings and infrastructure.

 Mobility: This division provides products, solutions, and services for the rail and road transport
industries.

 Healthcare: This division provides products, solutions, and services for the healthcare industry.

Siemens is a leading provider of products, solutions, and services for a wide range of industries, including
energy, healthcare, infrastructure, manufacturing, and transportation. The company's products and
services help customers to improve their efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.

Samsung

Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It

comprises numerous affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the
largest South Korean chaebol (business conglomerate).

Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades, the
company diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities, and retail.
Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding
industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee's death in
1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group,
and Hansol Group.

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Samsung has since become a global leader in a wide range of industries, including electronics,
semiconductors, telecommunications, construction, shipbuilding, and fashion. The company is one of the
world's most valuable brands and is ranked among the top 100 companies in the Fortune Global 500.

Hitachi

Hitachi is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It is the largest

electrical equipment manufacturer in Japan and one of the largest in the world. The company operates
in over 100 countries and has around 350,000 employees.

Hitachi's business activities are divided into four segments:

 Energy Systems & Solutions: This segment provides products, systems, and services for the
generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of energy.

 Social Infrastructure & Industrial Systems: This segment provides products, systems, and services
for the transportation, construction, and industrial sectors.

 Electronics Systems: This segment provides products, systems, and services for the information
and communication technology, consumer electronics, and medical equipment sectors.

 Other Businesses: This segment includes Hitachi's financial services and real estate businesses.

Hitachi is a leading provider of products, systems, and services for a wide range of industries, including
energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and healthcare. The company's products and services help
customers to improve their efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.

Autlan

Autlan is a Mexican multinational conglomerate headquartered in Guadalajara, Jalisco. It is a leading

provider of products and services for the automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors. The company
operates in over 20 countries and has around 10,000 employees.

Autlan's business activities are divided into three segments:

 Automotive: This segment provides products and services for the automotive industry, including
engine components, transmission components, and chassis components.

 Aerospace: This segment provides products and services for the aerospace industry, including
aircraft components, engine components, and landing gear components.

 Industrial: This segment provides products and services for the industrial sector, including
machine tools, robots, and automation systems.

Autlan is a leading provider of products and services for a wide range of industries. The company's
products and services help customers to improve their efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.

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(4.37) What are the worldwide sales in units of a. personal computers? b. automobiles? c.
watches? d. jet engines? e. industrial robots? f. soft drinks?

Worldwide sales in units of:

a. Personal computers: 348.8 million units in 2022.

b. Automobiles: 77.7 million units in 2022.

c. Watches: 1.22 billion units in 2022.

d. Jet engines: 1,650 units in 2022.

e. Industrial robots: 531,500 units in 2022.

f. Soft drinks: 858 billion liters in 2022.

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