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Chapter 3 - Analysis of Tension Members
Chapter 3 - Analysis of Tension Members
CHAPTER
Suspension Bridge
Shell
NB: fasteners=connector
Computation of the Net Area An
th
dh
Determine the net cross sectional area for the tension member shown
Solution
Example 2
❖ Effect of staggered holes arises when there is more than one hole
and the holes are not lined up transverse to the loading direction.
❖ In such case, more than one failure line is expected
❖ The controlling failure line is the one that gives the minimum net
area.
Figure 1
Effect of Staggered Holes
Figure 2
Effect of Staggered Holes
❖ In Figure 1.c, the holes are staggered and failure could possibly
occur along ABCD unless the holes are a large distance apart.
ABE E
ABE
Effect of Staggered Holes
Example 4
2 ½ in
2 ½ in
Solution
ABECD
Solution
ABEFG
Example 6
3” B
t w- 0.22 ” 3” C
3”
D
3”
E
2”
For W12x16, Ag = 4.71 in2
The two possible paths are: ABDE and ABCDE.
ABDE = 4.71- 2(1+1/8)* 0.22 = 4.21 in2
ABCDE= 4.71- 3(1+1/8)*0.22 + 2*[ 22/ (4*3)]*0.22 = 4.11 in2
Controls
Example 8
Determine the net area along route ABCDEF for the C 15x 33.9
shown below. The holes are pouched for ¾ -in bolts.
Solution
Remember!
Failure of Members under Pure Tension
as computed previously
AISC LRFD Provisions for Effective Net Area, Ae
❖ For or welded connections, the net area equals the gross area
Ag since are no holes.
LRFD
b f = 8.02 ” A
t f 0.62 ”
10.1”
B 4” 4”
Solution
Solution
Example 10 (Reading Assignment)
Example 10 (Reading Assignment)
Effective Net Area, Ae
B) Welded Connections
• If tension loads are transferred by welds, the rules from AISC
Table D-3.1,Table 3.2 applies:
Pu Pu
W=6 in
PL 1 x 6 in
l =8 in
Solution
❖ For the given steel grade, Fy = 50 ksi and Fu = 65 ksi (Table 1, Ch3.a)
❖ Considering the smaller plate,
❖ A) Gross Section Yield
= = (0.9) x(50) x (1X6) = 270 k
❖ b) Net Section Fracture
A = Ag = (1X6) = 6 in2
1.5 w = 1.5x6 = 9 in > l = 8in > w = 6 in
Therefore,
Ae = AU = (6)x(0.75) = 4.50 in2
= 0.75 x 65 x 4.5 = 219.4 k
❖ Design Strength
Example 12
= 1 - 1.56/6 = 0.74
Ae = U Ag = 0.74 * 9.99 = 7.39 in 2
Design Strength = = 0.75 x 70 x 7.39 = 388 k
SPACIAL CASE: CONNECTING ELEMENTS
PL 3/8 x 12
Solution
Solution
Block Shear
The failure of a
member may
occur along a
path involving
tension on one
plane and
shear on a
perpendicular
plane.
Block Shear
Block Shear
• When the tensile load applied to a particular connectionn is
increased, the fracture strength of the weaker plane will be
approached.
• That plane will not fall because it restrained by the stronger plane.
• The load can be increased until the fracture strength of the
stronger plane will be reached.
• During this time the weaker plane is in yielding.
• The total strength of the connection equals the fracture
strength of stronger plane plus the yield strength of the weaker
plane.
• However, it is not realistic to add the fracture strength of one
plane to the fracture strength of the other plane to determine
the block shear capacity of a particular member.
Block Shear
=
Block Shear Design
Example 14
The A572 Grade 50 (Fu = 65 ksi) tension member shown is
connected with three 3/4-in bolts. Determine the LRFD block shear
rupture strength and the LRFD design tensile strength of the
member
Solution
Solution
Solution
Example 15
Determine the LRFD design strength of the A36 (Fy = 36 ksi, Fu
= 58 ksi) plates shown in Figure. Include block shear strength
in the calculations.
Solution
(a) Gross section Yielding
1
Pn = Fy Ag = (0.9)(36ksi )( in 10in) = 162 k Controls
2
(b) Tensile Rupture Strength
1
Pn = Fu Ae = (0.75)(58ksi )(1)( in 10in) = 217.5 k
2
U = 1 case 2 Tale 3.2
(c) Block Shear Strength