Aabann, gose Rizal and ee the Invention ee Literature et Bee + LE. pita hh mya ae mn caaeunart lsat msmserpt of Makara sv. affected by a kind of madness, made more dismal and fpr acne thor fee apni weet ad taste was propagated everywhere and time was welessy Pemicious reading... Scanned by CamScanner: eat. Mjros at untouched by these events. In th Aza as we no 8 pent was tl largely “a nits ationise < ; «cine While adi the Lit ry 1] Si eo dominated Wy Spr and Crue wre ba Malbec he Jove Felipe del Ban, Francisco de Paula Enérals iad ‘eagamis Vasques de Aldana —a snall self-conscious intellectual eit tat had therunof the secular press and were assured, by reasons of race, of their ootinaum in which ideas can simultaneously exist and one postion 3 sheer pagoda anther in 1860, Rizal stood at that point in time when the country’s bier} ‘scene was qualitatively changing from “pre-national” to one that would, {he couse of events, berome distinctly “nations?” in its arabition. Here! Till esto describe the series of intellectual moves that brought best ‘change snd created the lineaments of a “national” literature. | Hineeatng 4 national iteratuge, the fist move is that of astrtit i e is Het SOO icy on the basis of a claim to a distinct rendered, ‘was to disengage from a dominant discours® ddan tone nits 20d iwi, carve out autonomous space, 7d ‘Toures for creative production. It involved ! ee tee goso Fuzs! and the Invention of & National Uaretire aug he | ea manne asadiousinterest 4 tocal ferences to folklore, the |} fn loot fd komedya, and Francisco Balagtas. His familiarity with vernacular eerie was evident in 1887, when he delivered in German lecture on ‘perogmetrical at before the Ethnographic Society of Bein, and in 1890 Pie defended the integrity of Tagalog theater agit the stacks of cowrite a | ; exthetics ‘The Brighter days” when he would write treatise on Filipino Anco for Rael Lierary dco wee dieen bY DASDE SY enmeshed in a wider polemic on racism and domination. In #8 Scanned by CamScannerY ove zal abd 2 Love of Natnal rete up oat B. Majaroe a6 hand, they were claiming, for Filipinos, a perso ‘a fature, Thus Rizal asserted that Tagalog literature: arb wnt emp, ta cutonomens provi or rene) | i tn dansngBarrants im tbat Tape lad thereat feral republic — ninsula gy | * Rizal pointed to the test i y ed ad Pert Ric. Wh Reng | BEE ger gift not just fox imitation but zeae es te Stee of local Inguages and opens | SeMlated abou the fact that «nation’s Mera cy mle te Mua), if dstant, member of Ct other hands ey cea pamessing the local but by appropriating the foreign, diverting and 2 ing usimilaton into S spice tatueg, i | elbingies best elements in creating the nation's terature iH sere opera iflerence by staking out the cura autonomy of ning ei lehe passion with which Rizal and hs contemporaries devoured Sgrtpald, iferents dictate become a separate nation-state, | ign literatures and languages, and engaged In projects of annotation scaiher ave, the assertion of difference would lay the ground forthe {!~f+ qd translation. Rizal spoke of his desire to tranclate Buropean dass ~ —qqpergence ofa national literature. - : iy {3h Toplog, and found the time to translate Hans Christan Andersen aid 2 pore reget eee eee | Feedrich Schiller. A polyglot (he knew twenty-two languages, it i sala}, a, Teens falar with wits rom Cleo and Dante Hugs, Byron and RIZAL appreciated that a people's Hiterature must be grounded in theirows Heine. Bven from bis renaote Dapitan, we waiting to a Niner bad store of soc, prychologlcal, and linguistic resources Yet in|! | end in Burope asking for books by Russian authors ‘second and simultaneous move, he recognized as well that this literature ‘Yet, for all this Rizal had a very strong sense of location, of where be Gan only grow through a vital conversation with the rest of the wor ans in the world, where he was speaking from, and what Inowledge was ‘Por Rizal and his contemporaries, to “Internationalize” was be barnessed for, Of colonial, he ad writen: he easens Ot option but necessity. Colonialism incorporates native subje foreign jin another endowed with strength and activity is against ina et ood al laws. Sdence teaches us that ether is assimilated, of . after all, can be said of a national literature that has for always that of his country. i sertentcentary printer who wrote x manual fr lant Spanisl language and an eighteenth-century priest who penned 2 Sadana a Late Aikesure than fortonego ||| FMALLY, ial ecognaed that 2 count’ ry col et a ‘suboc_— Hee Paterno, Pardo, and Rizal — who were more fueat is callection of texta but a living discourse, Literature — to borrow th f Spanluh han the Wal anguagea? tis Gtting that eabelodelos Reyesi# ||| of Octavlo Paz — “isnot so much the ia of individual works sto PSS attempting to produce an archive of popular knowledge in the Philippines of relations between them.” It is "s field of affinities and oppositions, 9), a ith His “intellectual space” ier, ehrough the medium of cen. woke St ‘tlements, hybrid and opeh-chided.” fe . “outside” ta creating a national literature — Rizal argued that 2 . rc {| horror wn baton mat be enabled rough a2 ERSTE I of publishing, literary societies and academies, and an active Spanish misinterpretations that Tagalog poetry bad its ow> of practice. Respedag to 7 aid el Emergis | “ieee theater traditions. Yet, Rizal was also driven BY 117 strategic discursive community. n thissense, be spOR= BSI tre eels ma hs oy are comprehen i "| edtientneney ape ciuatn RRtE|| quetions of were Western and literate when be ssc, pedertaking that drove Rizal to propose £8 FFT TT hipino in Spal, and rlabiation, rhyme, meter and stanza in Tagalog POT, sg “E pictated by meade afte ie a ratio ‘geoundwork dud pot materiaice, St ial knew that a nations iterature lo noe just what it oDce what ‘thas — sodcan— become. Itmust not only demonstrate tat! 4Phitppinestesin Paria. While bo Scanned by CamScanner — af HaY Real B. Mares ows Risa! 004 %e Invention of Mauosa Uamtire aug about. He was interested in malting visible Communi ¢ jzed not only that the political moment called for a more direct form to what tellectuals. It was in this context that he A. ple, he-appreciated that a national liters Fon or rope ot nl ob read, but ome etapa doesnot speak tthe people in thelr own language S| ‘ot quite ‘chen nam 4 a Guesiono [Lopes Jaena, etcs quate Sagaog ike the s ot Priced harwringisan exerczein authority andin the, fein Tagalog as the friars did he shifted to Spanish — perhaps vate over ator Plipines rust not only be active particizants they mug |, pintention of etzanalating in Tegulog — and then abandoned the nove, ‘arse n mates pertaining to thelr country — exercise command : a ererdeed command when he wrote Noli me Tangere (1887) end | {x { punmsersmo (1881) Always the deliberative writer, Rizal had suganect ; v annotations of Morga traced the lineaments of the aah ||| = YN PBRRS et th rere andthe Pt pointed toi fate Ree %, _\y spta trae ‘bod of the nation, ess vel han ‘si ben edhe fgandaoal Scion ofthe Piping nation ™ RIZAL did not close the circie. He left (as perhaps all writers do) a lotof ‘was to write a novel in Tagalog, addressing Tagalog readers rather ta {|| Boropeans. At the time, Rial was 65 BGs way back & the Philippines, adit movement itself was beginning to shift, away from addresing the Erapire (and Eurupe) towards speaking to Filipinos themselves. Attht ‘me Rizal embarked on his third novel, he was in fact assisting his brother Pactano in translating the Noli to Tagalog. Of his third novel, he wrote: “If I write it in Spanish, then the poct Sone i} 's i it Ppvpitesnderd scl to rommanticiom to reali, Putting Ral ‘company of Hugo, Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, and Maupassant, Taplogs to whom the work is dedicated, will not get to know it, though ‘ried Rizals “extraordinary realimn” in capturing the dynamics of they may be the ones who need it most.” Asit turned out, Rizal begoabit {ediety’s development. Rizal, he sai is “a modern novelist who sacrifices fitinorlinToalogbutthen shifted to Spanish. In aletter to Bhumestit ‘ccomprehensible beauty (of the Romantics] to lain truth ofthe Resists Houg Kong on 20 April 1891, he said: ‘depicting a “corrupt, weak society.” . 1 (i Temay be said that in defending the novels on literary poands, Rl! [Fal have already given up the idea of writing the third part 22ilana were saying inthe “intermationaizng’ mod ofthe Propagda) Las for t would not be appropriate to write a work in 1% tae ‘an write novels as well as Buropeans can. They were sare REET 45 they would be lke the sermons ofthe firs. 50130 wel that the novels “truth” depends on how wel it suceeds a5 50% ‘ating it mow in Spanish i ‘sformal terms, ln any case, as Rizal rooght to write fr Tgalogs 9 (6 uals oguage shift isnot with, ee BE Be wa el ns oon eam se ugha Ngee toner knem tess | Gazeta mint ih domes eh arta = + Oftradapeettetasinuch as Bropeans, and ubeequenty nemedinn | TMtEvr Language he chose to wets ta, woud be deed i Somweul enable his novels circulation acroaslanguge® ¥™ “vpatison with novels written elsewbere i the word ~ tae » Scanned by CamScanneroso Pizel and the Invention of a National Tecature aay “As Rial bad turned to writing for Tagalogsin their own langue, iy; (ont ete) meant to we of Tagalog society i sows tae {pal and autonomous, ather than «reflex ofthe colonial encoun {| topes wat Rial had in mind when he spoke of thie” and si 7 Mt sory [eannot wit tin Spanish, forThave founds | beautiful theme"? "Asitturned out, Rizal was stymied not only by the problem of language but the challenge of representing something that did not quite existing form amenable for treatment as a realist novel instead of, say, a romance i ‘other hand, the Fie prompt not it into | in either case, 1rd HRI Se abe SeaLT- To pen the soil and material pce tat m3 «| allows us to do our work and be read and heard. ies” FL And, yes, to write, write, write. Scanned by CamScanner