The study on Hydrogenated fat replaced with peanut butter to reduce saturated fatty acids in cookies was

carried out. Cookies prepared with varied concentrations of hydrogenated fat and peanut butter (100:00, 80:20,
60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 00:100) were analyzed to check fatty acid composition and textural characteristics.
Palmitic acid, Myristic acid and Stearic acid (Saturated fatty acids) were higher in Control cookies, which level
was reduced with increasing concentration of PB in different treatments. Linoleic acid and Oleic acid
(Unsaturated fatty acids) were lower in control cookies, which were increased with increasing concentration of
Peanut butter in different treatments. Oil stability index of experimental cookies increased up to 3.62% with
increasing concentration of PB. Cookies hardness was also increased with increasing concentration of PB.
Cookies with 40% PB had beneficial fatty acid composition with stable oil quality and also had a greater
appreciable sensory quality by evaluation panel. Objective Preparation of peanut butter Preparation of cookies
in different ratio of vegetable fat to peanut butter Texture analysis and sensory quality.

Application of Peanut Butter to Improve the

Nutritional Quality of Cookies
 December 2017

 Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 5(3):398-405

DOI:10.12944/CRNFSJ.5.3.26
Authors:

Priyanka N Timbadiya

 Junagadh Agricultural University

S. B. Bheda

Harsukh P. Gajera

 Junagadh Agricultural University

S.V. Patatel

eanut is an important crop grown worldwide. Commercially it is used

mainly for oil production but apart from oil, the by-products of peanut
contains many other functional compounds like proteins, fibers,
polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which can be added as
a functional ingredient into many processed foods. Recently it has also
revealed that peanuts are excellent source of compounds like
resveratrol, phenolic acids, flavonoids and phytosterols that block the
absorption of cholesterol from diet. It is also a good source of Co-enzyme
Q10 and contains all the 20 amino acids with highest amount of arginine.
These bioactive compounds have been recognized for having disease
preventive properties and are thought to promote longevity. The
processing methods like roasting and boiling have shown increase in the
concentration of these bioactive compounds. In the present paper an
overview on peanut bioactive constituents and their health benefits are
presented.

Keywords: Peanut, Func

Peanuts are actually a legume and have more protein than any other nut with levels comparable
to or better than serving of beans. After the peanut oil is extracted, the protein content in the cake
can reach 50 % (Zhao et al. 2011). Peanuts contain all the 20 amino acids in variable proportions
and is the biggest source of the protein called “arginine” (USDA 2014). According to Protein
Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) peanut proteins and other legume proteins
such as soy proteins are nutritionally equivalent to meat and eggs for human growth and health
(FAO 2002). The amino acid profile of the peanut meals shows that it can be an ingredient for
protein fortification (Yu et al. 2006). Since the proteins in peanuts is plant based, it carries with it
additional components that have positive health benefits like fiber and unique bioactive
components, unlike animal protein. The peanut proteins have been found to have good
emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foaming capacity, excellent water retention and high
solubility, and can also provide a new high protein food ingredient product formulation and
protein formulation in food industry (Wu et al. 2009). Based on these observations, recently
peanut protein has been incorporated into noodles (Wu et al. 2007) and infant formula, (Nimsate
et al. 2010). There is a renewed interest in the studies related to the flavors in the peanut kernel
and skin (Fig. (Fig.22).

Peanut as a functional food

Research has identified numerous compounds in peanuts and in their

skins that may have added health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Peanuts have been touted as a functional food with numerous functional
components like Coenzyme Q10 which protects the heart during the
period of lack of oxygen example high altitudes and clogged arteries.
peanuts are also a good source of dietary fiber and provide a wide range
of essential nutrients, including several B group vitamins, vitamin E,
minerals such as iron, zinc, potassium and magnesium, antioxidant
minerals (selenium, manganese and copper), plus other antioxidant
compounds (such as flavonoids and resveratrol) (Geulein 2010). These
bioactive components have been recognized for having disease
preventative properties and some are antioxidants while other is to
promote longevity. The antioxidant capacity in peanut is due to the total
biological matters in peanut seed such as vitamin E in oil or chlorogenic
acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, flavonoids and stilbene
(resveratrol) (Yu et al. 2006). Fermented peanut meal (Zhang et
al. 2011) has been used to study the antioxidant activity and free radical
scavenging activity.

Peanut butter
Peanut butter is an important RTE product among a wide range of processed forms of peanuts. In
addition to healthy fat composition, several antioxidative compounds present in peanuts and their
skin draw much attention as a functional food ingredient. The TPC and hydrophilic ORAC of
peanut butter were 14.1 GAE/g and 5702 μmol TE/100 g, respectively (Hathorn & Sanders,
2012). Furthermore, addition of peanut skins, which are rich sources of a number of phenolics
(TPC 158 GAE/g), increased the TPC and antioxidant activity of peanut butter. In addition Ma
et al. (2014) demonstrated that incorporation of ground peanut skins (PS) into peanut butter at
1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0% (w/w) resulted in a marked concentration-dependent increase in both
the TPC and antioxidant activity.
View chapterPurchase book
The use of antioxidants in ready-to-eat (RTE) and cook-chill food
products
Anoma Chandrasekara, F. Shahidi, in Handbook of Antioxidants for
Food Preservation, 2015
18.7 Peanut butter

The country produces 6.3 million tons of peanuts annually, making up 21% of the world’s total
production. It’s the second-highest producer of peanuts in the world. I

oday, India is the second-largest producer of peanuts in the world, and peanut
butter has become a common item on grocery lists across the country. The
journey of peanut butter from being a novel foreign product to a household
staple in India is a testament to its universal appeal and nutritional benefits.27-
Jun-2023

Peanut butter is a household

The production and consumption of peanut butter date back to over a century ago, starting with the
ancient Incas and Aztecs, and they have greatly increased in recent years In
today’s fast paced
life and globally connected world, a great change is seen in preferences of
food. The ever-changing palate has led to new tastes and demand for
healthier as well as convenience foods. Peanut butter is one such food
which has found a unique place on the grocery list and has become a
household name. This nutty butter from west is now mushrooming in
India.
Owing to its taste, nutrition profile, affordable price and versatility in use it
is quite a hit among people of all age groups. an interesting

Facts about peanut butter

Power packed: It’s a power packed nutty delight which serves dual purpose of a
delicious spread as well as butter. Peanuts are actually a legume and have more protein than
any other nut with levels comparable to or better than serving of beans. It is a rich source of
protein, minerals like phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and vitamins like niacin, B6.

nowadays, due to increasing health consciousness, some consumers are beginning to shun foods that
contain additives [3,10,15,16,17]. For peanut butter, and indeed for many other food products, the mantra
“the less the ingredients, the better” is becoming increasingly popular [15,18]. This might imply that, in the
future, the organoleptic appeal of peanut butter will be driven mainly by the naturalness of the taste of the
peanuts used and less reliant on additives. Accordingly, an inquiry into which peanut cultivars inherently
possess superior physicochemical attributes for the production of a natural peanut butter (with less or no
additives) that resonates well with consumers’ sensory quality expectations is increasingly a worthwhile
endeavor.

Functional food
Versatile spread The versatility of peanut butter also adds to its appeal. Whether you're
whipping up a quick sandwich for breakfast, adding a spoonful to your smoothie for a
post-workout protein boost, or baking it into cookies for a healthy treat, peanut butter is
a star ingredient that can elevate any dish.

Weight management
Bakery and confectionary
More than a spread: Dr. Oetker Funfoods Peanut Butter Chocolate is a unique offering
that combines the nutty goodness of peanut butter with the sweet allure of chocolate.
It's a treat for the taste buds and a favourite among kids and adults alike.
But it's more than just a delicious spread. With 80% roasted peanuts, it's high in protein
and offers a range of health benefits. It's a great way to satisfy your sweet tooth while
also adding a protein boost to your diet.
Whether you spread it on bread, use it as a dip for fruits, or add it to your baking
recipes, Dr. Oetker Funfoods Peanut Butter Chocolate brings a sweet surprise to your
meals. It's a testament to the fact that peanut butter can be versatile and fun, and it's no
wonder that it's a hit among Indian consumers.

When it comes to acceptability, Dubost et al. (2003) discovered that

the most distinguishing characteristic of peanut butter/spreads is their
aroma. Their study demonstrates that the highest rating for the aroma
of roasted peanuts was obtained from commercial peanut butter,
Peanut butter is not just a spread; it's a sensation that has taken India by storm. The
secret to its popularity lies in the magical fusion of taste and health. On one hand, it's a
creamy, nutty delight that can transform a simple slice of bread into a gourmet treat. On
the other hand, it's a powerhouse of nutrition, packed with protein, healthy fats, and
essential vitamins and minerals. This combination of taste and health is truly a match
made in heaven, making peanut butter a big hit among Indians.
The versatility of peanut butter also adds to its appeal. Whether you're whipping up a
quick sandwich for breakfast, adding a spoonful to your smoothie for a post-workout
protein boost, or baking it into cookies for a healthy treat, peanut butter is a star
ingredient that can elevate any dish.
There is an influence of global culture on the Indian food scape.

The Indian penchant for spice outweighs their choices of food. No

wonder then the ‘International desi’ has reached every nook and
corner of the streets even in the most remote parts of India. It is after
all the fast changing Indian palate changing the food scape.

Charm of Peanut Butter in Indian Households

Peanut butter, a creamy and delightful spread, has found a special place in the hearts
and kitchens of Indian households. Once a foreign concept, this nutty delight has now
become a staple in many homes across the country. The charm of peanut butter lies not
just in its delicious taste, but also in its versatility. It can be spread on bread for a quick
breakfast, used in a variety of recipes for a protein boost, or simply enjoyed straight
from the jar for a midnight snack.
The popularity of peanut butter in India has grown exponentially over the years. This
can be attributed to the increasing health consciousness among Indians. Packed with
protein, healthy fats, and a range of essential nutrients, peanut butter is a nutritious
addition to any diet. Moreover, it's a convenient and affordable source of high-quality
protein, making it a favourite among fitness enthusiasts and health-conscious
individuals alike.
Peanut butter is not just a spread; it's a sensation that has taken India by storm. The
secret to its popularity lies in the magical fusion of taste and health. On one hand, it's a
creamy, nutty delight that can transform a simple slice of bread into a gourmet treat. On
the other hand, it's a powerhouse of nutrition, packed with protein, healthy fats, and
essential vitamins and minerals. This combination of taste and health is truly a match
made in heaven, making peanut butter a big hit among Indians.
The versatility of peanut butter also adds to its appeal. Whether you're whipping up a
quick sandwich for breakfast, adding a spoonful to your smoothie for a post-workout
protein boost, or baking it into cookies for a healthy treat, peanut butter is a star
ingredient that can elevate any dish.

*Peanuts are not nuts.

They are actually legumes. Peanuts are edible seeds inside pods and are part of the Leguminosae
family along with soybeans, chickpeas, peas, clover, liquorice and lentils.
*Peanuts are good for you.
They are a great source of protein. They also contain other healthy nutrients, minerals,
antioxidants and vitamins. The amino acids in the protein are needed for growth and
development.