CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

Learner’s Book
answers
5 a 20 i 22 × 5
Unit 1 b 24 ii 2 × 3 × 7
Getting started c 42 iii 22 × 32 × 5
1 a 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
d 50 iv 2 × 52
b The even numbers 22, 24, 26, 28 are not
prime. 21 and 27 are multiples of 3. 25 is e 180 v 23 × 3
a multiple of 5. That just leaves 23 and 29
6 a 315 b 1000 c 396
as prime numbers.
d 784 e 867
2 a 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
7 a 22 × 7 b 22 × 3 × 5 c 2 3 × 32
b 18, 36, 54, 72, 90
d 32 × 17 e 2 × 5 × 19 f 52 × 11
c 6
8 a and b
d 36
3 a −3 b −9 c −18 Number Product of primes
35 5×7
d −2 e −2 f 4
70 2×5×7
4 a square b cube
140 22 × 5 × 7
c cube d both square and cube 280 23 × 5 × 7
e square f square 560 24 × 5 × 7

5 a 10 b 5 c 9 1120 25 × 5 × 7
... ...
Exercise 1.1
9 a 7 × 11 × 13 b 2 2 × 7 × 11 × 13
1 a, b, c and d Many different trees are possible.
c 2 × 3 × 7 × 11 × 13
They all end with 2, 2, 2, 3, 5.
10 a 132 = 2 2 × 3 × 11 b 150 = 2 × 3 × 52
2 a and b Different trees are possible but they
should end with 2, 2, 3, 3, 3. c 23 × 32 × 52 × 11
c 108 = 2 2 × 33 11 a i 3×5 ii 32 × 52
d peer discussion iii 2 2 × 7 iv 2 4 × 7 2
3 a Different trees are possible. v 2 2 × 32 vi 2 4 × 34
b 200 = 2 × 5
3 2
b The indices for n2 are double the indices
c peer discussion for n.

d There are two different possible trees. c 962 = 25 × 3 × 25 × 3 = 210 × 32. Double the
indices for each factor. This method will
4 a Many trees are possible. work for all numbers.
b 330 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 11

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

12 a 4 b 280 3 a 24 b 49
13 a 30 b 900 c 60 d 88
14 a 18 b 540 4 × −5 3 −8
15 a b 3×5
3 × 5    
2 2 4 −20 12 −32
−3 15 −9 24
c 225 d 15
−6 30 −18 48
16 a 1260, many trees are possible.
5 a −32 b 48
b peer discussion
c 12 d −30
17 a 2 2 × 32 × 11 b 23 × 3 × 7
6 a −28 b −33
c 12 d 5544
c 36 d 25
18 a 2 b 986
7 3 × −4 = 2 × −6 = −12 and
a 
19 6 3 = 32 × 7 and 110 = 2 × 5 × 11; they have no −6 × −2 = 12 × 1 = −4 × −3 = −12 × −1 = 12
common prime factors so the HCF is 1.
b There are many possible answers.
20 a 1 b 1739
8 a b c
c If x and y are different prime numbers,
the HCF is 1 and the LCM is xy −96 75 200
d peer discussion
−8 12 −15 −5 20 10
Exercise 1.2 2 −4 −3 −3 5 −1 −4 −5 −2
1 −3 ×
a  4 = − 12; −3 × 3 = −9;
−3 × 2 = − 6; −3 × 1 = − 3; 9 a
−3 × 0 = 0 ; −3 × − 1 = 3; −3 × − 2 = 6; 90
−3 × − 3 = 9; −3 × −4 = 12 and so on.
−6 −15
b The first number is always −3. The second
number goes down by 1 each time. The −2 3 −5
answer goes up by 3 each time.
c −5 × 4 = −20; −5 × 3 = −15; b Zara is incorrect. One possible statement
−5 × 2 = −10; −5 × 1 = −5; is that the top number is 90, −150 or −60.
−5 × 0 = 0; −5 × −1 = 5; −5 × −2 = 10; 10 a 4 b −9
−5 × −3 = 15; −5 × −4 = 20 and so on. The
first number is always −5. The second c −4 d −8
number goes down by 1 each time. The 11 a −24 ÷ 6 = − 4 or −24 ÷ − 4 = 6
answer goes up by 5 each time.
b learners’ examples
d The product of two negative numbers
is the same as the product of the c 14 ÷ − 2 = − 7 or 14 ÷ − 7 = − 2
corresponding positive numbers. For
d learners’ examples
example, −6 × − 4 = 6 × 4 = 24. You
could write this as −a × −b = a × b. e learners’ own conjectures
e learners’ own sequence f peer discussion
f peer discussion 12 a −3 b 7
2 a −10 b −10 c −5 d 3
c 10 d 10 e −7 f 6
g −12 h 5

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

13 a b c 10 a 32 + 4 2 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52
True: ( −3) + ( −4 ) = 9 + 16 = 25 = ( −5)
2 2 2
−30 −96 −200 b i
ii True:
12 2 + ( −5) = 144 + 25 = 169 = ( −13)
2 2
−5 6 12 −8 10 −20
iii False: 82 = 64 but
5 −1 −6 −6 −2 4 2 5 −4
−10 2 – 6 2 = −100 – 36 = −136 which is
not the same.
14 a 6 b 6
c peer discussion
c −3 d −3
11 a i 22 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6
15 a x = −32 b x = 45 ii ( −3)2 + ( −3) = 9 – 3 = 6
c x = −8 d x = −5 b i 32 + 3 = 9 + 3 = 12
16 a −3 b −3 ii 
x = −4
c 7 d 5 c x = 4 or −5

17 a 1500 b −1200 d One solution is a positive integer n and

another is −(n + 1).
c 7 d −5
Another equation like this is x2 + x = 30
which has the solution x = 5 or −6
Exercise 1.3
e peer discussion
1 a 49 b 49
12 a x x−1 x³ – 1 x² + x + 1
c 343 d −343
2 1 7 7
2 a 5 b −3
3 2 26 13
c −1 d −2 4 3 63 21
3 a x = 10 or −10 b x = 12 or −12 5 4 124 31
c x = 1 or −1 d x=0 b The third column divided by the fourth
column = the second column.
e no solution
That is ( x 2 + x + 1) ÷ ( x3 − 1) = x − 1
4 a x=6 b x = −3
c The next row is 6, 5, 215, 43 and 215 ÷ 43 = 5
c x = −1 d x = −5
d The result is the same for negative values
5 a 27 b no solution of x.
c 9 d −9 e peer discussion

6 a 82 = 64 = 8 as the calculator only 13 a 5, −500, 16 b 5, 16

gives the positive square root, and c all six numbers: 5, − 1 , −500, 16, −4.8, 99
1
5 2
( −8)2 = −8 × −8 = 64 = 8, so the
difference is 0. 14 a and b

b 3
43 − 3 ( −4 )3 = 4 − ( −4 ) = 4 + 4 = 8 I
N
7 The integer is 10 or −10 so the cube is −100 1
−3 1 22
103 = 1000 or ( −10 ) = −1000
3
41
−12 7
8 a 3 × 13 = 39 b x = 39 or −39
9 a −5 = −25 but ( −5 ) = +25
2 2

b There is no difference: −53 = − (5 × 5 × 5) = −125 1

−5 = − (5 × 5 × 5) = −125 and ( −5) = −5 × −5 × −5 = −125 Learners may omit 2 from the Venn diagram.
3 3
2

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