UNIT 4: HEALTH 6

Module 1

PERSONAL HEALTH ISSUES AND CONCERN

At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:

1. Describe personal health issues and concerns.
2. Identify the different health issues/ concerns in our body.
3. Identify the causes and effects of health issues.
4. Enumerate ways on how to prevent health issues.
5. Give importance to our health.

Personal Health Issues and Concerns

Personal health refers to the wellness of the individual.

Personal health issue occurs when the normal metabolism of the body failed or altered
due to pollutant, pathogen or other means that cause health problem which are
considered as disease. Sometimes these issues could be genetic, in which the patient
might inherit the diseases causing gene from their parents.
A Health concerns require intervention(s) to increase the likelihood of achieving the
goals of care for the patient. A Health Concern can also represent a health concern that
is a risk.The height and weight, eyes, ears, skin, hair, mouth and teeth, nails and spine
arethe most common health issue that can be found in the different parts of our body.

Most Common Health Issues

1. Body problems

Overweight and Obesity

a. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat

accumulation that may impair health.
What causes obesity and overweight?

The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance

between calories consumed and calories expended.

What are common health consequences of overweight and obesity?

*cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and strokediabetes;

*musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis – a highly disabling
degenerative disease of the joints);
*some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver,
gallbladder, kidney, and colon).

How can overweight and obesity be reduced?

limit energy intake from total fats and sugars;

increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains
and nuts; and
engage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children and 150
minutes spread through the week for adults).

Underweight

b. An underweight person is a person whose body weight is considered too low

to be healthy.Being underweight can represent as many health concerns to
an individual as being overweight can. If a person is underweight, their body
may not be getting the nutrients it needs to build healthy bones, skin, and
hair.

Causes

There are a variety of reasons why a person may be underweight. Sometimes,

multiple underlying causes may be related. Causes of being underweight include:

*Family history. Some people have a naturally low BMI due to physical
characteristics that run in their family.
*A high metabolism. If a person has a high metabolism, they may not gain
much weight even when eating high-energy foods.
*Frequent physical activity. Athletes or people who engage in high levels of
physical activity, such as runners, may burn significant amounts of calories that
result in low body weight.
*Physical illness or chronic disease. Some disease types can cause regular
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, making it difficult to gain weight. Other conditions
may decrease a person’s appetite, so they do not feel like eating. Examples
include cancer, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and digestive conditions, such as
Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
 *Mental illness. Poor mental health can affect a person’s ability to eat, including
depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and eating disorders,
such as anorexia and bulimia. Each of these conditions can affect a person’s
body image and appetite.

key components of a diet for weight gain may include:

*Adding snacks. High-protein and whole-grain carbohydrate snacks can help a person
gain weight. Examples include peanut butter crackers, protein bars, trail mix, pita chips
and hummus, or a handful of almonds.
*Eating several small meals a day. Sometimes a person may be underweight
because they cannot tolerate eating large meals. Instead, a person can eat several
small meals throughout the day.
*Incorporating additional foods. A person can add calorie-dense food sources to their
existing diet, such as putting slivered almonds on top of cereal or yogurt, sunflower or
chia seeds on a salad or soup, or nut butter on whole-grain toast.
*Avoiding empty calories. Eating high-calorie foods may cause a person to gain
weight, but they also have excess fats that could affect a person’s heart and blood
vessels. A person should avoid foods that are high in sugar and salt.

2. Eye Problems

a. Astigmatism

a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature,

which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a
common focus.

Symptoms of astigmatism include blurred vision or some degree of vision

distortion at all distances. Astigmatism can also cause dizziness, eye strain,
headaches, squinting and eye irritation.

Astigmatism is usually caused by an irregularly shaped cornea. Instead of the

cornea having a symmetrically rounded ball shape, it is shaped more like an egg,
with one side (meridians) being significantly more curved than the side
perpendicular to it.

b. Myopia or Nearsightedness

Nearsightedness (myopia) is a common vision condition in which you can see

objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. It occurs when
the shape of your eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing
images in front of your retina instead of on your retina.

Symptoms of myopia may also be a sign of variations in blood sugar levels

in people with diabetes or may be an early indication of a developing
cataract.
A cataract is an opacification of the lens of the eye which leads to a decrease
in vision. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes.
Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry or double vision, halos around
light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night.
 c. Hyperopia or Farsightedness

Farsightedness (hyperopia) is a common vision condition in which you can

see distant objects clearly, but objects nearby may be blurry. The degree of
your farsightedness influences your focusing ability.

Hyperopia Causes
Your eyes focus on light rays and send the image of what you’re looking at to
your brain. When you’re farsighted, the light rays don’t focus the way they
should.

The cornea, the clear outer layer of your eye, and the lens focus images directly
on the surface of your retina, which lines the back of your eye. If your eye is too
short, or the power to focus is too weak, the image will go to the wrong place,
behind your retina. That’s what makes things look blurry.

Hyperopia Symptoms
You may have:

Trouble focusing on nearby objects

Headaches
Blurry vision
Eye strain
Fatigue or headache after you do a close-up task such as reading

3. Ear Problem

a. Impacted Cerumen
Impacted cerumen is when earwax (cerumen) builds up in the ear and blocks the
ear canal; it can cause temporary hearing loss and ear pain.

Causes
Cerumen is most likely to become impacted when it is pushed against the
eardrum by cotton-tipped applicators, hair pins, or other objects that people put in
their ears, and when it is trapped against the eardrum by a hearing aid. Less
common causes of cerumen impaction include overproduction of earwax by the
glands in the ear canal or an abnormally narrow ear canal that tends to trap the
wax.

Symptoms

The most important symptom of cerumen impaction is partial loss of hearing.

Other symptoms are itching , tinnitus (noise or ringing in the ears), a sensation of
fullness in the ear, and otalgia, or pain in the ear. The pain is caused by the
pressure of several layers of impacted earwax against the ear drum.

b. Swimmers Ear

Swimmer's ear is an infection in the outer ear canal, which runs from your
eardrum to the outside of your head. It's often brought on by water that remains
in your ear after swimming, creating a moist environment that aids bacterial
growth.

Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought

on by a virus or fungus. Symptoms you may get are:

Itchiness in the ear

Pain, which can become severe
 Trouble hearing (sound may seem muffled as your ear canal swells)
Fluid or pus draining out of the ear

c. Otitis Media

An ear infection (sometimes called acute otitis media) is an infection of the

middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating
bones of the ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections.

Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The

two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion
(OME). AOM is an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In
young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor
sleep.

Signs and symptoms common in children include:

Ear pain, especially when lying down

Tugging or pulling at an ear
Trouble sleeping
Crying more than usual
Fussiness
Trouble hearing or responding to sounds
Loss of balance
Fever of 100 F (38 C) or higher
Drainage of fluid from the ear
Headache
Loss of appetite

Causes

An ear infection is caused by a bacterium or virus in the middle ear. This

infection often results from another illness — cold, flu or allergy — that causes
congestion and swelling of the nasal passages, throat and eustachian tubes.

4. Skin, Hair and Nail Problem

a. Sunburn- reddening, inflammation, and, in severe cases, blistering

and peeling of the skin caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet rays
of the sun.

Signs of Sunburn

When you get a sunburn, your skin turns red and hurts. If the burn is severe, you
can develop swelling and sunburn blisters. You may even feel like you have the
flu -- feverish, with chills, nausea, headache, and weakness.
A few days later, your skin will start peeling and itching as your body tries to rid
itself of sun-damaged cells.

b. Calluses– (Kubal in visaya word)a thickened and hardened part of the

skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has been subjected to
friction.

c. Corns are hard, thickened areas of skin that typically occur on the feet.
They're similar to a callus, but are usually harder, smaller, and more
painful. Corns aren't dangerous, but they can cause irritation.

Calluses and corns are caused by repeated pressure or friction on an area

of skin. The pressure causes the skin to die and form a hard, protective
surface. A soft corn is formed in the same way, except that when sweat is
trapped where the corn develops, the hard core softens.

d. Blisters – (Lutyan in visaya word) A blister is a pocket of fluid

between the upper layers of skin. The most common causes are
friction, freezing, burning, infection, and chemical burns. Blisters are
also a symptom of some diseases.

Fast facts on blisters

 Blisters are filled with serum, plasma, blood, or pus.
 Friction, burns, frostbite, and some medical conditions can
produce blisters.
 Blisters help prevent further damage to deeper tissues.
 It is best to leave blisters intact to protect the underlying
layers from infection.
 Wear well-fitting shoes and avoiding exposure to certain
chemicals can prevent blisters from occurring.
 Medical conditions

A number of medical conditions can cause blisters.

These include:

 Chickenpox: The rash forms small blisters that eventually

scab over.

 Eczema: Blistering can occur alongside a number of

other skin symptoms such as cracking, crusting, and
flaking.

 Dyshidrotic: A skin condition characterized by a rapid

occurrence of many small, clear blisters.

e. Dandruffis a condition of the scalp that causes flakes of skin to

appear. It is often accompanied by itching.

f. Ingrown toenails are a common condition in which the corner or side

of a toenail grows into the soft flesh. The result is pain, redness,
swelling and, sometimes, an infection. Ingrown toenails usually affect
your big toe. Often you can take care of ingrown toenails on your own.
5. Spine Problem
a. Lordosis- is an increased inward curving of the lumbar spine (just
above the buttocks).
b. Kyphosis - is the excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing
hunching of the back.
c. Scoliosis - is a sideways curvature of the spine.

6. Oral and Dental Problems

a. Cavities - are tooth decay. It is permanently damaged areas in

the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or
holes. Cavities, also called tooth decay or caries, are caused by
a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth,
frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks and not cleaning your
teeth well.

b. Gingivitis - means inflammation of the gums, or gingiva. It

commonly occurs because a film of plaque, or bacteria,
accumulates on the teeth.

c. Halitosis – is a condition in which a person emanates an

unattractive odor from their mouth. This is often called bad
breath.

d. Malocclusion – refers to the teeth that are not aligned properly.

 ACTIVITYNO. 1

Self-Assessment. Make a self-assessment of the different personal health issues and

concerns that you have been experiencing. Complete the table below by encircle the
emoji that fits to your present health. and write a short description about it.

Health Issues Description

Body Overweight / Obesity

Underweight

Normal

Eye  Astigmatism

 Hyperopia

 Myopia

 Normal

Ear  Impacted
Cerumen

 Swimmers Ear

 Otitis Media

 Normal

Skin, Hair and  Sunburn

Nails

 Calluses

 Corns

 Blisters

 Dandruff

 Ingrown toe
nails

 Normal
 Spine  Lordosis

 Kyphosis

 Scoliosis

 Normal

Mouth  Cavities

 Gingivitis

 Halitosis

 Malucclusion

 Normal

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Answer the following questions and explain each.

1. How will you make your body physically fit and healthy?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Enumerate some ways to prevent health related issues.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. What are the possible causes why are some children suffering from health-
related issue?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVTY 3

Overweight obesity underweight astigmatism

Swimmers ear impacted cerumen sunburn blisters

Dandruff ingrown toenails lordosis kyphosis

Cavities gingivitis malocclusion myopia

Identify each health - related issues. Choose your answer inside the box and write the
correct answers in the blank.

____________1. a person whose body weight is considered too low to be healthy.

____________2. refers to the teeth that are not aligned properly.

_______________3. a condition of the scalp that causes flakes of skin to appear. It is often
accompanied by itching.

____________4. is the excessive outward curvature of the spine.

____________5. reddening, inflammation, and, in severe cases, blistering and peeling

of the skin caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun.

____________6. an infection in the outer ear canal, which runs from your eardrum to
the outside of your head.

____________7. a pocket of fluid between the upper layers of skin.

____________8.a common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you
clearly.

______________9. means inflammation of the gums.

___________10. a common condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into
the soft flesh.
 ACTIVITY NO. 4

Give the causes of the following health related issues.

Health Related Issues Causes

Overweight

Swimmer’s ear

Sunburn

Cavities

Scoliosis

ACTIVITY NO. 5

TRUE OR FALSE. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is false and
underlined the word that make it incorrect.

_____1. Halitosis is a condition in which a person emanates an unattractive odor

from their nose.

_____2. Scoliosis is aninward curvature of the spine.

_____3. Wear well-fitting shoes and avoiding exposure to certain chemicals can
prevent blisters from occurring.

_____4. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat

accumulation that may impair health.

_____5.Calluses and corns are caused by repeated pressure or friction on an

area of head.

As a student, what will you do to maintain a healthy body?

______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED FOR TODAY’S LESSONS?

______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
REFERENCE:

From Google

https://www.google.com/search?
q=personal+health+issues+and+concerns+meaning&oq=personal+health+issues&aqs=chrome.2.0j69i57j
0l5.7098j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?
q=health+issues+meaning&oq=health+issues&aqs=chrome.3.69i57j0l6j69i60.4909j0j7&sourceid=chrom
e&ie=UTF-8

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/farsightedness#1

https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-
conditions/myopia

https://www.google.com/search?
q=astigmatism+means&oq=astigma&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j0j69i57j0l3j69i60l2.2921j0j7&sourceid=chrom
e&ie=UTF-8

http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Cerumen-Impaction.html

https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-swimmer-ear-basics#1

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/sunburn#1

https://www.google.com/search?
q=sunburn+means&oq=sunburn+means&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.2607j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?
q=corns&oq=corn&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j46l2j0l4.1248j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264783

https://www.google.com/search?
q=calluses+meas&oq=calluses+meas&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.3222j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?
q=eczema&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8rqiuiZTqAhXPG6YKHW_TDTAQ_AUoAXoECA
0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=Vf0qRPT9R6LN5M

https://www.google.com/search?
q=eczema&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8rqiuiZTqAhXPG6YKHW_TDTAQ_AUoAXoECA
0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152844#home_remedies

https://www.healthline.com/health/lordosis#causes

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cavities/symptoms-causes/syc-20352892

https://www.listerine.com/fresh-breath/causes-of-bad-breath/what-is-halitosis#:~:text=Halitosis%20is
%20a%20condition%20in,is%20often%20called%20bad%20breath.
 UNIT 4: HEALTH 6

Module 2

SELF – MANAGEMENT SKILLS

At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:

6. Demonstrates self – management skills.
7. Identify ways on how to build our self-management skills.

Self-management
- means being able to manage the daily tasks to live well with one or more
chronic conditions. It means having the skills and confidence to take charge of your
medical needs, your everyday roles and responsibilities, and your emotions.

Self-management skills include the following:

1. Proper Nutrition
2. Good Personal Hygiene
3. Regular physical activity
4. Good Posture
5. Enough Rest and Sleep
6. Proper Oral Care

Proper nutrition is essential for a healthy body that’s able to fight off infections and
function properly.Good nutrition means your body gets all the nutrients, vitamins,
and minerals it needs to work its best. Plan your meals and snacks to include
nutrient-dense foods that are also low in calories.

Good nutrition can help:

1. Reduce the risk of some diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, stroke,
some cancers, and osteoporosis
2. Reduce high blood pressure
 3. Lower high cholesterol
4. Improve your well-being
5. Improve your ability to fight off illness
6. Improve your ability to recover from illness or injury
7. Increase your energy level

A balanced diet is one that gives your body the nutrients it needs to function correctly.
To get the proper nutrition from your diet, you should consume the majority of your daily
calories in:

a. fresh fruits
b. fresh vegetables
c. whole grains
d. legumes
e. nuts
f. lean proteins

A balanced diet is important because your organs and tissues need proper nutrition
to work effectively. Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection,
fatigue, and poor performance. Children with a poor diet run the risk of growth and
developmental problems and poor academic performance, and bad eating habits can
persist for the rest of their lives.

How to Maintain a Healthy Eating Lifestyle

 Make half your plate fruits and vegetables
 Make half the grains you eat whole grains
 Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk
 Choose a variety of lean protein foods
 Compare sodium in foods
 Drink water instead of sugary drinks
 Eat some seafood
 Cut back on solid fats

Good Personal Hygiene

Personal hygiene refers to maintaining cleanliness of one’s body and clothing to

preserve overall health and well - being. It includes several different activities related to
the following general areas of self – care: washing or bathing, including cleansing
oneself after using the toilet, taking proper care of the mouth; grooming and dressing;
and keeping clothing clean.
Personal Hygiene: Healthy Habits Includes the following:
1. Bathingevery day. Wash your body and your hair often.

2. Trimming your nails. Keeping your finger and toenails trimmed and in good
shape will prevent problems such as hang nails and infected nail beds. Feet
that are clean and dry are less likely to contract athlete’s foot.

3. Brushingteeth. Ideally, you should brush your teeth after every meal. At the
very least, brush your teeth twice a day and floss daily. Brushing minimizes
the accumulation of bacteria in your mouth, which can cause tooth decay and
gum disease. “The bacteria that builds up and causes gum disease can go
straight to the heart and cause very serious valve problems”. Unhealthy gums
also can cause your teeth to loosen, which makes it difficult to chew and to
eat properly, he adds. To maintain a healthy smile, visit the dentist at six-
month intervals for checkups and cleanings.

4. Washing your hands. Washing your hands before preparing or eating food,
after going to the bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, and after handling
garbage, goes a long way toward preventing the spread of bacteria and
viruses. Keep a hygiene product, like an alcohol-based sanitizing gel, handy
for when soap and water isn’t available.
 5. Sleeping.Get plenty of rest — 8 to 10 hours a night — so that you are
refreshed and are ready to take on the day every morning. Lack of sleep can
leave you feeling run down and can compromise your body's natural
defenses, your immune system.

6. Changing clean clothes. Dirty clothes should be washed with laundry soap
before wearing them again.

Regular Physical Activity

Physical activity provides long-term health benefits for everyone. By being
active, you will burn calories that you store from eating throughout the day. Physical
activity, along with proper nutrition, is beneficial to people of all ages, backgrounds, and
abilities.
 10 Benefits of Physical Activity for Children

1. It strengthens the heart. The heart is a muscle, and like other muscles, its
performance improves when it's regularly challenged by exercise. The heart
responds to exercise by becoming stronger and more efficient. Strengthening the
heart muscle can help ward off heart disease—the leading cause of death in the
United States, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
—even in early childhood.
2. It helps keep arteries and veins clear. Exercise reduces the amount of harmful
cholesterol and fats in a person's blood. It increases the flexibility of the walls of
blood vessels and helps to lower blood pressure. This can reduce a person's risk
for heart attack and stroke.
3. It strengthens the lungs. Working hard increases lung capacity, and their
efficiency in moving air in and out of the body. As a result, more oxygen is drawn
into the body and more carbon dioxide and other waste gases are expelled.
Regular exercise helps prevent the decline in oxygen intake that occurs naturally
with age or as a result of inactivity.
4. It reduces blood sugar levels. Exercise prevents sugar from accumulating in
the blood by triggering muscles to take up more glucose from the bloodstream
and use it for energy. This can reduce a person's risk of developing diabetes.
5. It controls weight. When a person is sedentary, he tends to be taking in more
calories than are needed. These unused calories accumulate as fat. A person
who is physically active may have a deficit of calories, which takes fat away and
lowers weight. Lowered weight is good for the heart and can be beneficial in
people with diabetes.
6. It strengthens bones. Just as muscles grow stronger when physically stressed,
bones also respond by getting stronger. Adults start losing bone mass in their
20s, but those who exercise regularly reach greater peak bone density (before
the drop-off) than those who don't, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Increased bone density helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition in which bones
lose density, weaken, and become porous and fragile.
7. It helps prevent cancer. People who exercise regularly have lower incidences
of cancer. The cancers most affected include colon, prostate, uterine, and breast
cancers.
8. It regulates blood pressure. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress levels.
As the levels of stress in a person's body subsides, his blood pressure and his
risk for heart disease decline.
9. It improves energy levels. Regular exercise often makes people feel more
energetic, allows them to be more active, and reduces the likelihood that they'll
tire during the day.
 10. It enhances emotional well-being. Most people report that they feel calm and
have a sense of well-being after they exercise. Exercise, according to one theory,
releases beta-endorphin, a natural substance in the body that is hundreds of
times more potent than morphine.

Good Posture
Good posture is the position in which you hold your body and limbs when
standing, sitting or lying down. To have good posture means that you need to be
aware of always holding yourself in a way that puts the least strain on your back,
whatever you are doing.

Having good posture means that:

* your bones and joints are in line so that muscles can be used properly
* your spine has its three normal curves normal spine
* ligaments holding the spine together are not being stressed
* you don't get tired as quickly
* you don't get pain in your back or other muscles
* you look good!

To have good posture, you will need:

* strong, flexible muscles, especially each side of the spine

* well balanced muscles, not overdeveloped on one side
* to be able to move freely
* to be aware of your posture and work to improve it.
- Regular exercise like running, walking, cycling and playing different
sports will help to keep your back strong.
 Enough Rest and Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life.
Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect your mental
health, physical health, quality of life, and safety.During sleep, your body is
working to support healthy brain function and maintain your physical health.

10 Reasons Why Good Sleep Is Important

1. Poor sleep is linked to higher body weight

2. Good sleepers tend to eat fewer calories
3. Good sleep can improve concentration and productivity
4. Good sleep can maximize athletic performance
5. Poor sleepers have a greater risk of heart disease and stroke
6. Sleep affects glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes risk
7. Poor sleep is linked to depression
8. Sleep improves your immune function
9. Poor sleep is linked to increased inflammation
10. Sleep affects emotions and social interactions

Sleep helps control our metabolism and weight, promotes stable moods,
helps prevent cardiovascular diseases, boosts our immune system/function,
increases knowledge retention, and helps us with long and short-term memory.
Sleep is also essential for brain functioning.

Proper Oral Care

Oral hygieneis the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease
and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene)
and cleaning between the teeth.
 11 Ways to Keep Your Teeth Healthy
 Don’t go to bed without brushing your teeth
 Brush properly
 Don’t neglect your tongue
 Use a fluoride toothpaste
 Treat flossing as important as brushing
 Don’t let flossing difficulties stop you
 Consider mouthwash
 Eat crunchy fruits and vegetables
 Limit sugary and acidic foods
 See your dentist at least twice a year

ACTIVITY NO. 1

Self-assessment. Nowadays, we faced a very deadly pandemic Covid 19,

what self-management skills should we practice in order to protect ourselves
from the virus? Why should we develop such skills?

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Why is it important to have self-management skills?

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What are the self-management skills that you need to improve or develop?

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ACTIVITY NO. 2

Please check the box if you practice the following self-management skills every
day.

1. Eating fruits and vegetables.

2. Drink milk

3. Washing hands before and after eating

4. Washing hands after using the toilet

5. Brushing teeth at least twice a day

6. Trimming nails.

7. Sleeping at least 12 hours a day.

8. Changing clean clothes

9. Take a bath

10. Exercise daily

 ACTIVITY NO. 3

Classify each practice with the self – management skills that help you develop and
maintain healthy body. Write the letter of the correct answer.

a. Proper Nutrition d. Good Personal Hygiene

b. Regular Physical Activity e. Good Posture
c. Proper Oral Care f. Enough rest and sleep

_________1. Take a bath every day

_________2. Sit up straight and don’t slouch.

_________3. Brush your teeth every after meal.

_________4. Avoid staying late at night.

_________5. Eat balanced diet.

_________6. Do a regular exercise.

_________7. See your dentist at least twice a year.

_________8. Get plenty of rest and 8 -12 hrs. sleep.

_________9. Wash your clothes before wearing them again.

________10. Put alcohol in your hands.

ACTIVITY NO. 4

Observe the following pictures. Write a short description / explanation about the picture.

1. ______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
2. ______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

3. ______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

4. ______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

5. ______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
REFERENCE:

From Google

https://www.google.com/search?
q=self+management+skills&oq=self+mane&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l7.3984j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UT
F-8

https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html#:~:text=The
%20Impact%20of%20Physical%20Activity,health%2Drelated%20causes%20of%20death)

https://www.parents.com/fun/sports/exercise/10-benefits-of-physical-activity/

http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?
p=335&np=285&id=2505#:~:text=What%20is%20good%20posture%3F,back%2C%20whatever%20you
%20are%20doing.

https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-
cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3.7

https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/guide-to-good-hygiene.aspx

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-reasons-why-good-sleep-is-important#9.-Poor-sleep-is-linked-
to-increased-inflammation

https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/best-practices-for-healthy-teeth#5
 UNIT 4: HEALTH 6

Module 3

HEALTH APPRAISAL PROCEDURES

At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:

8. Define Health Appraisal Procedures.

9. Explain the importance of Health Appraisal Procedures.
10. Understand the reasons why we need to undergo these procedures regularly.

HEALTH APPRAISAL PROCEDURES

This refers to a series of procedures to assess or determine the health status of

the students usingteacher’s observation, screening test, health histories, or medical
records, medical and dental inspection, and psychological tests.

ACTIVITY:

1. What does the pictures all about?

2. Based on the pictures, what are the procedures to appraise our health?
3. Why do you think we must undergo these procedures?

What is the purpose of a health appraisal?

This is to monitor the health of a student or a teacher and to catch any diseases that
may be just starting.

It is important for school authorities to have current and complete information about
each child's health and any specific conditions which may obstruct or interfere with the
learning process and about methods by which health can be maintained or improved.
health appraisal, including the physical examination component.
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH APPRASIAL

a. Health History – the school will keep record of your history like immunizations,
childhood illness, allergies, previous hospitalizations, medication used, significant
accidents or injuries and chronic illness.

b. Family History – this include the general health of parents and siblings. It also
includes history of family diseases and your physical environment.

c. Current Health Status – This includes your dental status, current family medical
problems, allergies, and your behavior.

Screening Procedures includes the following:

1. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT MEASUREMENT – is important when monitoring an

infant or child’s health. It is used to calculate your body mass index, or BMI, a
measure of healthy versus unhealthy weight. They are also important when
tracking a child’s growth.

2. BREAST SELF - EXAMINATION –Breast self-examination is a screening

method used to detect early breast cancer. The method involves the woman
herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or
swelling. Breast self – examination helps doctor check that everything is normal.
 5 Steps to a Better Breast Self-exam

Step 1: Start by looking for differences between your breasts.

Step 2: Put your hands on your hips, pull your elbows forward.

Step 3: Use 3 fingers when examining your breasts.

Step 4: Examine the areas surrounding the breast.

Step 5: Perform the test at the same time each month.

Most female breast pain results from hormonal changes.Estrogen and

progesterone can increase the size and number of ducts and milk glands in your
breasts. This causes the breasts to swell and retain water. A few days before your
period starts, both breasts can swell and become tender, painful, or even lumpy.

3. HEARING TEST

A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense

of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer. An
audiometeris used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different
frequencies. There are other hearing tests as well, e.g., Weber test and Rinne test.

Audiologists do three main types of tests:

Otoscopy - The audiologist will look in your ear canal with an 'otoscope'
and magnifying pen light. He will be checking for ear wax, blockages, or any problems
with your ear canal or ear drum.

Tympanometry - This will test your middle ear function. The audiologist will be looking to
see how well your ear drum responds to light pressure. The test can detect anything
that would inhibit motion of the eardrum like fluid, infection, or eustachian tube
dysfunction.

Audiometry - This test really consists of two types of tests: air conduction and bone
conduction testing. You will be in a soundproof booth or room and will be asked to raise
your hand or push a button when you hear sounds.
 4. VISION SCREENING
A vision screening, also called an eye test, is a brief exam that looks for
potential vision problems and eye disorders. Vision screenings are often done by
primary care providers as part of a child's regular checkup. Sometimes
screenings are given to children by school nurses.

The purpose of a vision screening is to identify vision problems in a

treatable stage, provide education, and provide a referral to an eye care provider
for a comprehensive eye exam (if needed).

5. SCOLIOSIS TEST

This is a simple screening test that can detect potential problems. If you notice
any unevenness, you should contact your doctor for an exam. Scoliosis is usually
confirmed by taking X-ray of the entire spine looking from front to back.

Testing at Schools

Students may be screened for scoliosis at school, typically using the Adam’s
forward bend test.But this practice has become controversial. The American
Academy of Family Physicians recommends against routine scoliosis tests. The
reason, in part, is because the cases found at schools are often low-risk and
don’t require treatment like braces or surgery.But be aware that spinal curves
can change during adolescent growth spurts. If your child’s curve measures
between 5 and 9 degrees, schedule another exam in 6 months.
 ACTIVITY

Filling Out Forms. With the help of guardians, update the table below with your
correct information based on the Health Appraisal Procedure that you have done.

MEDICAL INFORMATION FORM

NAME: ADDRESS:

AGE: SEX: BIRTH DATE:

PLACE OF BIRTH: CONTACT NUMBER:

CURRENT MEDICATION
NAME DESCRIPTION DOSAGE PURPOSE

MEDICAL HISTORY YES NO

TEMPERATURE ALLERGY
BLOOD PRESSURE ASTHMA
PULSE RATE ANEMIA
HEIGHT HEART AILMENT
WEIGHT KIDNEY DISEASES
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OTHERS

ACTIVITY:

Identification. Please identify the following health appraisal procedures based on the
description given and write the correct answer in the black.

____________1. It is an examination that the doctor or nurse conduct to check the

woman’s breast for any lumps and bumps and see if there are changes since the last
exam.

____________2. It is part of an ear exam that tests how well a person can hear.

____________3. It is an efficient and cost-effective method to identify children with

visual impairment or eye condition.

___________4. It is a simple screening test that can detect potential problem or

unevenness of the spinal columns.

___________5. It is an instrument used to determine the severity of the curve of the

spinal columns.

___________6. Used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different

frequencies.
___________7. The audiologist will look in your ear canal with an 'otoscope' and
magnifying pen light.

___________8. What do you call a person who checks ear problem?

___________9. What do you call a person who checks eye problem?

___________10. The test can detect anything that would inhibit motion of the eardrum
like fluid, infection, or eustachian tube dysfunction.

ACTIVITY

Essay. Read the following questions and explain your answers in the blank provided.

1. What is health appraisal procedure?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. What are the components of health appraisal? Explain each.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Why is there a need for females to check their breast regularly?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. Why is it that each school will conduct medical test / health appraisal procedure
for the students?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. What is the main purpose why we must check our eyes and ears regularly?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITY
TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and false if its incorrect.

___________1. Doctors, dentists, and nurses are examples of medical professionals or

practitioners 7.

___________2. Visiting your school clinic or barangay health centers is not important
for your health appraisal.

___________3. Health facilities are places that provide medical care like like the school.

___________4. Health appraisal incudes height and weight measurement.

___________5. Health appraisal is a series of procedures performed and documented

by the medical director in your school or by a family or community health care provider.

Write personal insights

What have you learned for today’s lesson?

I understand
____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________________________

I realized that
____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.

____________________________________________________________________
REFERENCE:

From Google

https://www.google.com/search?
q=components+of+health+appraisal&oq=compo&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l3j69i61j69i60l2.3218j0j4
&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.cityofhope.org/5-steps-to-a-better-breast-self-exam/

https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/measuring_children.html

https://www.google.com/search?
q=vision+screening&oq=VISION+SC&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l3j46j0l3.4907j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UT
F-8
 UNIT 4: HEALTH 6

Module 4

SCHOOL HEALTH FACILITIES AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:

11. Identify the different health care facilities and resources.
12. Identify the different health professionals.
13. Explain the importance of having health care facilities / resources in the
community.

Health facilities are places that provide health care. They include hospitals, clinics,
outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing centers and
psychiatric care centers. When you choose a health facility, you might want to
consider.

The main role of primary health care is to provide continuous and comprehensive care
to the patients. It also helps in making the patient available with the various social
welfare and public health services initiated by the concerned governing bodies and
other organizations.

Four Common Types Healthcare Facilities

Urgent Care Clinic

If a patient falls ill and cannot get to his or her doctor’s office, urgent care clinics provide
medical care without an appointment. You get immediate outpatient care for issues that
you would see your doctor for, including stomach infection or a sprained painful ankle.
However, for complex health issues, an emergency room would be better. A broken
arm, breathing difficulties, chest pain, extremely high fevers, or severe injuries cannot
be fully attended in an urgent care clinic.

Nursing Home

Patients who need constant care should be in a nursing home. Although such
homes are associated with the elderly, they are excellent for patients requiring
custodial care. Anyone, regardless of his or her age, can get medical care here.
There is always someone watching over the patients 24/7. Qualified nurses,
therapists, and physicians are present throughout to offer and oversee medical
care. What’s more, they help out anyone who cannot take on tasks such as
bathing, dressing, and feeding.

Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center

Orthopedic rehabilitation centers are for people dealing with bones and muscle health
issues. For anyone with chronic back or joint pain, these are the types of private
healthcare facilities to visit. Apart from offering pain relief, physical therapists in orthopedic
centers diagnose and come up with an excellent treatment plan for every patient.

These facilities deal with many things, including therapy for people recovering from injuries
or with disabilities. You will find treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of various bone,
ligament, tendons, joints, and muscle-related problems.

Addiction and Mental Health Treatment Facilities

An addiction and mental health facility have not been around as long as the
other types of facilities have. Some of them provide general services dealing
with various mental health problems. Depending on your health issue, you can
choose where to go. Some of the conditions such facilities handle are; suicidal
thoughts, depression treatment, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety
disorders.

Hospital
A hospital is an institution for healthcare typically providing specialized treatment
for inpatient (or overnight) stays. Some hospitals primarily admit patients suffering from
a specific disease or affliction, or are reserved for the diagnosis and treatment of
conditions affecting a specific age group.

Health Care Provider

A health care provider is an individual health professional or a health facility

organization licensed to provide health care diagnosis and treatment services including
medication, surgery and medical devices. Health care providers often receive payments
for their services rendered from health insurance providers.
Individual Provider

Physician, a professional who practices medicine

Advanced practice provider, a trained health worker who have a defined scope of
practice
Allied health professional, a non-physician clinician who delivers health care services
Health professional, any person involved in the delivery of health care

Institutional Provider

Hospital network, an organization that operates multiple hospitals and clinics offering
comprehensive health care services

Health system, any organization responsible for delivering care to a population

Medical group, a partnership of physicians who share resources

Hospital, a health care facility delivering emergency, intensive care, and other health
care services for high-needs patients

Clinic, a health care facility delivering non-emergent health care services in an office
setting

Health Professionals
1. Nurse - a person trained to care for the sick or infirm, especially in a hospital.

2. Doctor – he is a physician. A qualified practitioner of medicine.

3. Dietitians - are regulated healthcare professionals licensed to assess, diagnose,
and treat nutritional problems.

4. Psychiatrist - a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of

mental illness.

5. Dermatologist - a medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat skin

disorders.

6. Ophthalmologist - a specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study

and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye.
7. Radiologists - are medical doctors that specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries
and diseases using medical imaging (radiology) procedures (exams/tests) such as
X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear
medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasound.

8. Neurologist - treats disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system,

including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots,
autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles.

9. Obstetrician - is a doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a woman's

reproductive system
10. Gynecologist - treats the overall health of their female patients, treating problems
and diseases of the female reproductive system such as breast and hormonal
problems, urinary tract and pelvic disorders, and cancer of the cervix.

11. Paediatricians – are doctors who manage the health of your child, including
physical, behavior, and mental health issues. They're trained to diagnose and treat
childhood illnesses, from minor health problems to serious diseases.

12. Surgeon - a physician who performs surgery.

13. Dentist - a licensed practitioner who is skilled in the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of diseases, injuries, and malformations of the teeth, jaws, and mouth
and who makes and inserts false teeth.
 ACTIVITY:

1. When you grow up, what do you want to be? Do you want to be a health
professional? Why? Why not?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. In our present situation, what do you think is the main role of the health
professionals in the prevention of the Covid pandemic?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think our health facilities and resources are enough to cater the rising
number of Covid patients?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 4. As a student, how will you help your community to lessen the number of Covid
patients?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. What can you say about our front liners?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY:

Multiple Choice.
Read and understand the following statement. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. A physician who performs surgery.

A. Dentist B. Surgeon C. Neurologist D. Nurse

2. Medical doctors that specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases
using medical imaging (radiology) procedures.
A. Radiologist B. Surgeon C. Neurologist D. Nurse

3. Regulated healthcare professionals licensed to assess, diagnose, and treat

nutritional problems.
A. Dentist B. Surgeon C. Neurologist D. Radiologist

4. An organization that operates multiple hospitals and clinics offering

comprehensive health care services.
A. Hospital Network B. Health System C. Medical Group D. Clinic

5. Any person involved in the delivery of health care.

A. Physicians B. Advance Practitioner C. Health Professionals

6. A health care facility delivering non-emergent health care services in an office

setting.
A. Hospital Network B. Health System C. Medical Group D. Clinic

7. Treats the overall health of their female patients, treating problems and diseases
of the female reproductive system
A. Obstetrician B. Gynecologist C. Pediatricians D. Surgeon
 8. A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a woman's reproductive
system.
A. Obstetrician B. Gynecologist C. Pediatricians D. Surgeon

9. A medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat skin disorders.

A. Dermatologist B. Surgeon C. Neurologist D. Nurse

10. A specialist in treating eye conditions.

A. Dentist B. Surgeon C. Neurologist D. Ophthalmologists

ACTIVITY

Completion Type. Fill in the blanks with best health professionals for each situation.

_______________1. While playing, Alyana accidentally hit her head on the floor due to
a bad fall. She became unconscious and was rushed to the hospital where she suffered
a blood clot on his brain. Who should attend to her?

_______________2. When Baby Cardo was born, he must have his own medical
specialist to monitor his growth and development. Who should his parents consult to?

_______________3. Aling Lucia is having an allergy to her face and neck due to
seafoods. Whom must she consult?

_______________4. Trisha broke her leg after she fells in a mango tree. An emergency
operation is needed. Who must work on her case?

_______________5. Jelay is a week pregnant and must consult a medical professional

already. What kind of doctor should she seek?

_______________6. Carla has suffered from toothache. To whom she must consult?

_______________7. My neighbor, Mario is suffering from mental illness due to a

traumatic accident. Who must work on his case?

_______________8. Diane cannot see clearly. She suffers from astigmatism. Who
should attend to her?

_______________9. Lenni’s menstruation is only once or twice a year and she also
suffers dysmenorrhea every time it arrives. Whom must she consult?
_______________10. My mother has complications on her kidney and at the same time
she is also a diabetic. She needs to control her meal. Whom must she consult?

ACTIVITY

Identify the following health professionals base on the pictures given below.

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

ACTIVITY

Identify and name some school health services and school facilities offered to the
students and teachers in your school.

School Health
School Health
Facilities
Services
What have you learned for today’s lesson?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.

REFERENCE:

From Google

https://www.healthcarebusinesstoday.com/six-types-of-private-healthcare-facilities/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_facility

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_provider