Quadratic Equations and

Factoring
Math for Engineers

Jonrey V. Rañada, PECE

General Form:

2
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
• A, B and C are real numbers.
• When B = 0, pure quadratic equation.

• Also known as second-degree polynomial equation.

Factoring method
• Factoring

• Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Formula:
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

• 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 → known as discriminant

• The discriminant will determine the nature of the roots of the

quadratic equation.
Factorization of algebraic expressions
• The simplest form of factorization is the extraction of highest
common factors (HCF) from an expression

• Ex: (10x+8) = 2(5x+4)

Common factors by grouping
• Four-termed expressions can sometimes be factorized by grouping them
into two binomial expressions and extracting common factors from each.
Example:
𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 = 0
Example:
12𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 = 0
Useful products of two simple factors
Quadratic expressions as the product of two
simple factors
Solutions by factors
• Example: 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 0

• 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 20 = 0
Solutions by factors
• Example:
Not all quadratic expressions can be factorized as two simple
linear factors.
Example
Example
Example
• The test should always be applied at the beginning to see whether, in
fact, simple linear factors exist.

• Some quadratic equations are not capable of being written as the

product of simple factors – that is, factors where all the coefficients
are integers.
• To save time and effort, a quick test can be applied before the
previous routine is put into action.
Example:
Example:
Quadratic Formula
• We have already seen that some quadratic equations are incapable of
being factorized into two simple factors. In such cases, another
method of solution must be employed.
Example:
Other cases:
• Roots are imaginary numbers

• If the discriminant is “negative” in value.

END ☺