K-6

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

Essential Lesson 4
Functions and Formulas in an Electronic Spreadsheet

● ESSENTIAL LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. recognize the features of MS Excel to analyze the data;
2. distinguish the difference between the formula and functions; and
3. analyze the data using the tools in MS Excel.

● LECTURE NOTES

Spreadsheets are often associated with digital software and large online databases. It is such an
essential component of any computer that you won't often find one without some sort of spreadsheet
software pre-installed.
Back then, a spreadsheet was a ledger book full of massive sheets of paper that stretched across the
table. These sheets were divided into rows and columns for manually entering data with a pen or pencil.

https://www.g2.com/articles/balance-sheet

The spreadsheet has progressed from its humble beginnings to something powerful enough to aid in the
organization of multibillion-dollar enterprises. Its software now includes powerful analytical tools for
transforming data into actionable insights. The potential of these automation tools is almost limitless. This
completely transformed the user-friendly nature of the spreadsheet and exponentially increased its use
among home users. Since then, Microsoft Excel has been the most dominant spreadsheet software over the
last two decades.

An ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET program is designed to perform basic mathematical and arithmetic

operations and it is commonly used for organizing and manipulation of data.

Electronic Spreadsheet is widely used in:

1. Accounting and financial application

2. Statistics

3. Engineering calculations

4. Analyze data
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/excelxp/identifying-basic-parts-of-the-excel-window/1/

SPREADSHEETS are designed with functions and formulas that will make calculating numerical data easier and
more convenient for you. Using formulas and functions will help you increase the accuracy of your calculations
while decreasing the amount of time you need to spend in excel.

https://www.spreadsheetsmadeeasy.com/an-introduction-to-microsoft-excel-2007/

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K-6 HELE
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 K-6
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

FORMULA AND FUNCTIONS IN MS EXCEL

FORMULA performs operations, operations, calculations and analysis. In declaring the formula in MS Excel
worksheet, you start with an equal sign. Forgetting to type the equal sign will be interpreted by the computer as
characters.

Example: A1 = (B1+C1) / SUM (E1:G1)

FUNCTIONS are calculations that return a result. To create and enter functions, always start with an equal sign
(=). Without it, excel will not calculate a result.

Function or built-in function refers to the ready-to-use formulas that can be accessed by simply highlighting
specific part/s of the worksheet.

Example: A5 = Sum (A1: A4)

Built-in functions also enable the user to easily create a formula that includes two or more cells or a range.
Rangeis a collection of cells with values.

The different kinds of built-in functions in MS Excel are the following:

1. Sum function calculates the overall sum of the selected range.

https://www.educba.com/how-to-do-a-sum-in-excel/

2. Average function gets the average or mean of the given numbers.

https://exceljet.net/excel-functions/excel-average-function

3. Minimumfunction indicates the minimum value on the given range.

https://exceljet.net/formula/minimum-value

4. Maximumfunction indicates the maximum value on the given range.

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K-6 HELE
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 K-6
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

https://exceljet.net/formula/maximum-value

5. Count function is used to get the number of entries in a number field.

https://exceljet.net/formula/count-cells-between-two-numbers

BORDERS AND SHADING

In addition, the MS EXCEL does not only focus on computation , but it also makes the user creative in his
or her own way by adding borders and shadings on the cell.

https://dlpng.com/png/6780682

Just take Microsoft Word 2010 for example, which is as well as in Word 2007/2013. With Classic Menu for Word
2007/2010/2013/2016/2019 installed, you can click Menus tab to get back the classic style interface.

● Select the text you need to apply borders or shading

● Click Menus tab

● Move to Format menu

● Choose Borders and Shading in the drop down menu

● A window pop up for you to specify the Borders and Shading

https://www.addintools.com/documents/word/where-border-shading.html

● Click Home tab

● Move to Paragraph group

● Find out the Border and Shading button, and click the down arrow next to it

● Choose the Border and Shading option, or specify the different border style

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K-6 HELE
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 K-6
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

https://www.addintools.com/documents/word/where-border-shading.html

MERGING CELLS

To merge and combine cells, highlight the specific cells and then click merge on the ribbon group. To
easily merge your cells, you can right click your mouse and then choose Merge and center

https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/merge-cells-in-excel/

CELL ALIGNMENT

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/excel/excel_text_alignments.htm

Look at the table above. To get the same alignment, use the format cells tool bar. The following are the steps to
do this.

1. Type the sample data on your MS EXCEL worksheet.

2. Highlight the header that you like to edit.
3. Right click on your mouse and then choose Format Cells.
4. On the Format Cell window, click the Alignment tab.
5. On the orientation area, drag the indicator (usually in red color ) to the alignment that you prefer
6. Click the OK button.

NUMBERS FORMAT

https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2024309&seqNum=9

If the number on the cell needs to be rounded off, below are the steps to,

1. Type the sample data on your MS EXCEL worksheet.

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K-6 HELE
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 K-6
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

2. Highlight the header that you like to edit.

3. Right click on your mouse and then Choose Format Cells.
4. Choose the number tab as shown below
5. Click the number tab if you want to have a standard set numbers.
6. Set the decimal places of numbers by clicking on the up and down arrow beside the number
7. Click the Ok button

REMEMBER
An electronic spread sheet is a program that is commonly used for organizing and manipulating of data.

● ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
After reading the Lecture Notes, answer the following questions below. Answers to these questions may
either be explicitly seen within or implied by, the paragraphs.

● What is an electronic spreadsheet? Write your answer in one sentence.

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● How can the MSExcel program help perform advanced calculations on numerical data? Explain your
answer in 1-2 sentences.

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● FORMATIVE TEST
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer on the blank before the number.

_____1. An application program designed to perform basic mathematical and arithmetic operations.

a. MS Excel b. Arguments c. Electronic spreadsheet

_____2. It is a combination of functions, operands, and operators. These are used when manually
calculating.
a. Formulas b. Functions c. MS Excel

_____3. A visual representation of data in the worksheet of the spreadsheet program.

a. Mathematical b. MS Excel c. MS Excel Chart

_____4. It can be a form of numbers, cell references, or text.

a. Functions b. Arguments c. Formula

_____5. These are concerned with the date and time.

a. Date and Time b. Logical c. Look Up and Reference

II. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement in incorrect. Underline the word or group of words
that make the statement incorrect.
_______________ 1. The Formula should start with a hyphen (-).

_______________ 2. Built-in functions are ready –to-use formula like, Count, Sum, Minimum,
Maximum, and Plus.

_______________ 3. The Excel is developed by windows.

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 K-6
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
“For God and Country”

_______________ 4. The Alignment tab in Format range can help the user change the orientation of
the heading

_______________ 5. The Average function gets the mean score of the pupils.

● CONTEXTUALIZING ACTIVITIES
Write a short essay about the importance of MS Excel.

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● RELATED READINGS
EZ Link.(2020, Feb. 13). TLE 6 ICT and Entrepreneurship - Functions And Formulas In An Electronic Spread
Sheet Tool.(Video).Youtube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-nn3Y0IHQQ&t=264s

f3a3ea86fe1fab4933e4618844be41.pdf

https://blog.sheetgo.com/spreadsheets-tips/history-of-spreadsheets/
https://www.addintools.com/documents/word/where-border-shading.html

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K-6 HELE
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