Soll Sol.2 Sol3 Sol5 Sol.7 (x) Ray Optics EXERCISE # 1 i] On reflection, amplitude get changed. BI On reflection from denser medium, phase change of occur. 2] Frequency of the ray does not change after reflection. Sol4 [4] 8 = 180°— 2G0% = 120° 2] Erect, virtual and of equal size. Sol6 [2] al real image If final rays are converging we have a real image. B) So8 [2] of the plan dito see fill length image = 4 = 182 _ 9 BOX Obie sininsa length ofthe plane winror required to see full ength image = = = 2 = $0 can TER nage Soll0. [3] BI B] Vo+Vi Vn=— 10cm’, Vo=0 -1.0«2=V; =-20 cm/s @ = 20 cms towards you =-V-V [As Vi=-V &Vo=VI =-2V negative sign indicates that the image is moving towards the object.Sol.11 [3] Sol12 [3] for number of images, 260° = 362° @ 60° 2 number of images =n-1=6 SoL13 [3] Number of images = images by adjacent walls ~ umages by ceiling For atncerveate: 2 = o number of images = -1=3 * For ceiling: object & all the images form by the adjacent walls look as object, o it forms 1 +3=4 images ‘otal mumber of image =3+4=7 Sol14 [3] sols [1] 360° _ 360° 6 30° for number of images, 2 = For number of images:. 360° 728 =5=odd number of images =n— for asymmetric, number ofimages = n= 5 SoL16 [3] = 180° - [60° + 90° - i] =30°+i For reflected ray from misror Mp to be parallel to Mi, a = 60° Sol18 [1] 360° = 60° = 30° +4 For number of images, a =~ = i=30° 360° = Soll7 [3] 90° images form between two inclined planes lies on circle. aumber of images = a —Sol19 [2] ‘Net deviation from the two mirrors =300°-68 where 6 1s the angle = 360° 80° ‘between the mirrors = 280° Sol20 [4] Sol.21 [3] Focal length of a spherical misror is 4 Focal length of spherical misror is = & is independent of characteristics of light used. Sol.22 [2] 1yted vou é usftx veftx where x1 & x2 may + ive or negative 1 ali fox, fox, F f+x,+fex =a )Gex. = QOft x) tm) f=P +f + fo tm 3 2P + f+ fea f+ fat fot xm = famx =f fem Sol.23 [4] m=—-2 (=) =-1 u 40 = image is inverted & of same size. Real because of same side of object.Sol24 [3] For position of object behind the centre of mirror, image form between centre & focus & also dimanished. Sol.25 [1] given, £=-20cm Real image form in the case of concave mirror is always inverted $01.26 [2] ‘Virtual image form in the case of concave mirror is always erect. uu 20 14201 Qu = 20 3-1 = 2-2 Qu 20 © Sol.27 [2] Concave mirror produces the parallel beam of light for the object placed on the focus. $01.28 [3] For concave mirror. Sol.29 [1] fisive & Fobject is virtual, u=+ive sisiil tia v Fou v fou =-ive~ [ive] 1 + = [small negative] — [large negative] ive ¥ =+ image always lies front the mirror, we = virtual > certainly real$01.30 [2] Sol31 [2] Convex mirror is used to see the larger area. => oO ou 4 w Sol32 [4] 1 F =a ir2al 30 £ 41a => f=10 Boe 30 radius of curvature = 20 cm Sol35 [2] S$ol.33 [3] Sol.34 [3] a Ba Sh =315om . =v Sol36 [2] As pt for glass is more then jt for water ©. velocity in glass is less then velocity in water. Also velocity in vacuum is maximum. v,>y, buty,, $0137 [1] Sol.38 [2] Be = Vee Hw = Ve He OVS Be Vw Vv, > 8 > = Exe =(4} (2)-= Ve 3 3 Vw 3x10! Svw=2« 108 2=2 «108m 4SoL.39 [3] Sol.40 [4] Sol.41 [3] Venk mi da= noha ss 5 = BOS 5x 10" x7, => wl 1s dy a= 3x10%x2 oT=™ 3x5x104 =2x10% 3 =4x107 m=4000A Sol42. [1] sols (3 sold [3] was BE. FB 180 Sem For critical angle 6c, ee inde = 1 _— wit = HE = 1599.65 " Hy = 24 1 = sinfe= a = 6c= 45° © Fori= 6c, angle of refraction is 90° Sol45 [1] ‘When light proceeds from denser to rare medium and the angle of incidence is greater than critical angle total intemal reflection of light takes place. Sal46 [3] Jn the moming or evening. the sun is at the horizon and refactive index in the atmosphere of the earth ecreases with heizht Due to this, light reaching earth's atmosphere from different pars of vertical diameter ‘of son enters at different heights in atmosphere and due to differet reftactive indices beat unequally. Dus to ‘san appears to be oxal shaped. Sol47 [2] Mirage is caused by TIR in deserts where due to heating of earth, refractive index of sir near the earth's surface becomes lesser than above it, Light fiom distant objects reaches the earth's surface with i> i 60 thar ‘TIR take place and we see the image of object along with object creating an illusion of water near the object. Sol48 [2] B WATS + Sol49 [2] = sefiactive index is greatest for violet light as it has lowest wavelength, By theory Sol51 [4] A=6 Sol50 [3] wes According to cauchy’s relation. 8=W-NA=(5-DE 5=3°SoL52 [3] Sol.53 [1] i Ly B c > C for ao emergent say and = A-1 if maximum value of ris smaller Jn case of minimum deviation; angle of incidence = angle of emergence. ‘then a particular value then fp will always have a value greater than certain value (C) and ris maximum when i is max (i= 90°) by snell’s law at face AB sini sing, sin90? sing, 1 sin,= 2 " nc ntn=A and n=C n>C n+H>2C A>2C SoL55 [1] A= 60° Sm= 40° for minimum deviation Sol.54 Sol56 [2] If AB=BC then ZA = £C = 45° 45° > ig (critical angle) sin 45°> sin ig 1 v2 v2 ». Spherical surface is convex with radius of curvature = 8 cm,Sol.69 [3] Sol.70 [1] @ 0 ...Gi) By @ and (i) faster > 0 It will behave as convergent lens Sol.71 [4] Sol.72. [4]1 v =i Sol.75 [1] Concave lens always forms virtual image of real object 4 10 L v =- 10cm. Image is virtual, enlarged and at 10 cm from the lens. SoL.74 [3] Real, magnified image is formed if object is between f and 2f. Sol76 [2] ~ 1=2(0) _ Image is at one of foci, virual and double in sizeSol77 fl] ‘Virtual image of real object is formed by convex lons if object is placed between lens and its focus. SoL78 [1] SoL80 [2] P=P;+Pp Sols [2] +6-4 P=P,+P)-dPiPy -pa4e6-1 4x6 6 P=+6D 4 m=+05m 2 Fis(+)ve - combination will behave as convex with focal length 50 em. Sol82_ [3] SoL83 [4] P=?,+P, 1 P=+2+C1) 025 ~P=+1D §=2em=02m & H=25em=025em 1 ~P=9D a . F=+1m=+100em (ve sign shows that combination will behave as convergent lens.Sol84 [2] f,=+10cm=+0.1m Sol85_ [4] 26.2 em=-0262m Let fi =+ £ (convex lens) & =~ (concave leas) a-4.4 FoR .Fox .F=+0.162m .F=+162cm (®ve sign shows that combination will behave as conver lens. Sol.87 [2] q Sol.88 [2] D=60cm ‘m = magnification for Ist position = & m)=magnification for second position = 2 andm m= 1 (60)? - (20)? 4x60 80x40 _ 40 4x60 3SoL89 [2] ‘When lens is silvered on plane side then R - 60 [Concave mirror] @ 2-1) when curved surface is silvered then R F=~ =~ 20 [Concave mirror] Gi) un from equation (i ) / (ii) _ 0 $01.90 [3] ~ =20 ‘When plane side of planoconvex lens is silvered then R Fe- ol re @ and for unsilvered lens. R f ya ~ Gi) By (i) and Gi) ra-f£ 2 ©. silvered lens will behave as concave mirror of focal length f . Sol91 [4] SoL92 [4] camer 3 Boa tet o 45m So, 4533-73 m th So, camera should be focused for a 7.96 m distance b nad Sol93 [3] F. number = focal length _ 4 5 “Aperture Sol94 [2] Focal length of the objective should be lesser than the focal length of the eye piece. Sol95. fl] On increasing length of microscope tube, magnifying power decreases.Sol.96 [1] Ina simple microscope, if final image is at © Then = Mp=2=2 f € SoL97 (3) Object is placed in benween f and 2f of objective fens. So intermediate image formed is real, inverted and magnified Sol98 [3] Final image by compound microscope is virtual and inverted. $0199 [1] MP of the telescope for normal vision = a SoL101 [1] Length of telescope = fp + f= 0.3 + 0.05 =0.35 m Sol.103 [1] (On increasing length of tube, MP decreases. $01,105 [4] Length of Galilean telescope = fy ~ & Sol.100 [1] For astronomical telescope L=f+h Sol.102 [1] By increasing fo, MP can be increased. Sol.104 [2] fo = 200 cm f= dom MP for normal vision = = =50Ray OPTICS EXERCISE # 2 Sogn ite Pees Soll 2] Sol.2 [2] vsin@ vsin w v 6 cl oO vos 6 Ycos6 I In x-direction, Real side ‘Virtual side 3:40 8:20 Vin = Vir Vin Vim = Vv cos6— vcos8 Vin=—2V cos 8 Sol3 [2] sold [4] No. of images 3600 _j_5 @ e=60" ‘When angle is reduced by 30° 360 No. of mages = —~ -1=11 ee 30 deviation on first reflection = 120° clockwise deviation on second reflection = 120° clockwise Total deviation = 120° + 120° = 240° wart. incident ray. wr. Horizontal, 240° — 60° = 180° = parallel to first misror. SolS [4] Sols 20 oO Te ro Distance between camera & image = 4.5 +3=75mSol.7 Sol.10 = d-a) Iris the distance from mirror o In magnitude, u=f(n-1) B] Sol8 [1] Real image forms only in case of concave mirror. =30 —2 Sol9 [3] 1yt 1 >a vové comparing with y= mx +C = m=-1&C => 4 cm/s away from mirrorSol11 [2] For convex mer, ‘As the image & object distance is 20 + 4 = 24, so the plane mirror be placed at mid pomt ofthe two. ie at 12 ‘em from the abject. soul? [3 Sol13. [2] [Har | oo 90 3 object is fish which is in denser medium 30 =300-x] Hac _ y = 3p00-xJ=x Hap tw Bird observes image of fish at a distance =x + y/jt Sol14 [3] ‘e ¥ Nba le object is bird which is in rarer medium hap = Hac = Hx fish observes image of bird at a distance sytpxSol15 [1] Sol16 [1] 15 Hac B Hyp = ae B u Sol17 2] sol18 [1] p= H=75 Dist. biv bird and image of fish = 6 +3 =9m Hh=3 cm Dist. Biw fish and image of bird = 4 +8 = 12m Thickness of slab = 7.5 +3 = 10.5cm Sol.19 [3] Sol.20 [4] A=60° all of the above 8a= 30° $01.22 [1] 3n=2-A we15 sig For minimum deviation ‘Angle of Deviation r=AQorA=2r da=U-DA Sa= (15-1) 2 Sant ‘IF angle of incidence (i) is changed from 0° to 90°. angle of deviation first decreases and then increases,Sol.23 [3] A=30° 30° By snell's law sini simi 30 i=45e Sol.25 [2] Sol24 [2] For unsilvered leas. > Fe-25em ‘twill behave as concave mirror of focal length 2.5 cm. fobject is placed at 2F then image forms at object itself. Sol.26 [4] Let focal length of concave lens =—f Focal length of combination = £Sol.27 [4] Effective focal length of combination is 20. aiid ff & fh 1a 5 20 —f 20(-f) [fi = + 20 for convex lens f= -f for concave lens] Sol.29° [4] Distance between object and image = u+v (o-Ve)? +200 ‘Distance is minimum whea u =v u= vis possible when f Distance between object and image =u + 228+ 26 xtftx+f24f xtx'22f S028 [2]Sol31 [1] \ \ — + V Both of the two new formed lens are identical so they will have equal focal lengths. Ratio of their focal lengths 1: 1 Sol.32 [3] Ifa sortion of lens is painted then image will nat be shifted only intensity of image decreases, Sol.33 [4] f=-40 cm: f=+20em 1otiid £ -40°20 40 £=40cm Sol.35 [4] ‘When 111 > jt lens will be converging ML = Hm lines be diverging So, 1 < p< 133 Sol.37 [J] ‘When lens is in air: Ll g-p 2-3) £ LR, Ry Sol34 [1] o= Jib O= V4x9 =6cm 301.36 [2] D=0.14+02+0.1=04m=40cem x=02 10 cm ‘When lens is immersed in water, it changes its behaviour and it behaves like diverging lens. -@ Gi) f Sol38. [4] 20 0h ee < Hoe 1 ft __16 20° 2$0139 [1] D=100cm x=40cm (100) ~ (40)? 4x10 2em=0.21m Sol41 [I] @ Sol40 [1] When plane surface is silvered R @ 2-1) o When concave surface is silvered R = =010 2 2m Q) dividing (1) by 2) 4-32 u-1l 10 3 n 2 Sol42 [2] Whenu=0 ttl vow f vet In second condition u = — (20 + f) v=(£+5) 1 on 1 £+5 —@0+f) f f£=10cm when lens is placed is in air ; 1 (32a f (473 AR) RpSol 45. [3] Sol44 [3] = 10cm L=fo+f= 100 @ fata p= 2.20 sO fe Mp= 2-19 H= 198 By equation (i) 19 +£,=100 £=5em and f= 19 £,= 95cm sure a) SoL47 [4] L = fo— f= 9cm., for Galilean telescope = @ fo= 15 fp-&=9 3 15-G=9 f= Gem ength of telescope th L=8+8=36 0.) Magnifying power= 5 By (@ and (i) Sf. + f= 36 f£=6cm and fp = 5f, = 30cm Ray OPTICS EXERCISE # 3A BN Cao Solution Sd.2 [1] Soll [2] 180°-A=6,+A Magnification of the microscope MP = MoM, Sm= 180°- 2A 95=19M. M.Sol3 [2] Rainbow is formed by TIR and dispersion. Sol4 [1] ‘Whea silvered at plane surface focal length of equivalent mirror is 10 sas [2] Sol6 [3] ab LOL 4, ‘Minimum length of the mirror = = = > = 3 feet dy = Se, 75 r Sol? [2] Optical fiber are based on TIR Sol.10 [3] [ase @ * \ For TIR at vertical surface at first surface sin45° = psin (90-62 Sol.13 15 dae =10.5em 2] On changing medium frequency of light remain same. Soll] [4] For image formation de4r so fs 4 4 Sol12 [2] a 1 Focal length of the lens = = (jt—1) ( R 2-1) When it is cut along xx’ Rand j1 will be same so focal length also be same f =f and when it is cut along yy’.Soll4 [1] ‘Due to dispersion rays will emerge from two different points and move in parallel directions. if SoL15 [4] Sol.16 [2] To retrace the path 1) = Sol.17 [1] nt =30 Shift of the microscope x = dy. (-2] n= 30° H So for first surface (-35) 3/2) = 1 cm upward. Sol19 [4] Object becomes invisible when refractive index of liquid is equal to the object Sol.21 [2] sin imax = m sin (90 - 8.) = ny cost. =n y1-sin?@¢Sol.21 [2] Sol.23 [4] (\. om n= 3x 2x10" x5000x10° Sol.24 [2] sin inax = m sin (90 - 6.) =n) cos. =n y1-sin?@¢ Uisng snells law [1 sin8c = sin90° So speed of light in liquid 3x10° = 18 10° m/s SoL25. [3] Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond based on refraction not on TIR. S927 [3] For no deviation Sol.26 [4] For glas tens x= 3 “ye £=20cm Sol.28 [4] Are 10° £=20cm Image will be real inverted and double in si$0.29 [1] Sol31 ee ALR pe wee fo= OF ay L=+£=20 2) So 98+ £=20 f= 2cm and f= 9% =18 om a OF || > oun HR $0132 [3] Lens will act as plane glass sheet when fir = jin $ol.33 [1] da=ite-A m= 2.cos (A/2) * in = O = Ann > Hain = 2 * ina = 1/2 = Anse => Hane range of pt between V2

F B f Image position of end A 4,11 Va -20 10 va=—20cm Image position of the end B 1 -30 -10 1 % vs=-15em Length of the image is Lap =|va|—|vp|=20-15=5cmSol.35 Sol.36 Sol.37 Bl Be @ 2) Focal length of first lens Focal length of second lens = =(2-1) (& 7 =R So focal length of the combination Lot yd mot _Ga-) f 4 & R R 1_m-l) f OR BI (lens + comea) should form image of distance object at retina Converging power (40 +20) D = 60D Using lens equation 60. 100 Fom=167am ‘So distance between retina and comea should be 1.67 cm_ l4 $01.38. [2 + Forielescope MP. £2 (1-3 MP. 1) a *n=0 on increasing fo, M.P is T , nensA ef 2A, NY tn =A * For microscope MP. « (142. / B % Uo f Lf 2) (J) sin 2A= psin A ~ftes f 2sin AcosA=wsinA on increasing fo, MP. is 1 wW=2cosA$01.39 [3] ay ® A Focal length of (1) and (3) lens d+ b-as-y(4- 1 | 1 Sol.41 [1] . A OU iN fot fe Focal length of (2) lens Sol40 [2] i £ Given =cot A/2 prism angle is A © sign stands for im (S,+A sin, oo A 2 180-A=5,+A 8n= 180-24Sol.42 [1] Sol.44 [4] Abandc:B—>bande;C>bandd:D—>aandd Sol45 [1] vow Su= 30 sind5° = jrsin30? v2 : to Hence green and Blue colour will not emere v2 2 w= v2 | SoL43 [3] Sol46 [4] 40cm £=4em B | ati Vo Us a. t Vo -200 40 t.1 1 Vo 40 200 1_S5-1_ 4 1 Vy 200 200 50 Vo=50 cm TFimage is at infinite a -4.1 Vv. UL f So separation between the lenses L=Wal+ 50+4=54emSol.47 Soll Sol? Sold Sol.5 BI O+3= dc 15 dhe =(5 +3) (1.5) = 12cm sir bubble Soapoe Meth a Ww dy 3cm Sol.48 Ray OPTICS EXERCISE # 3B UES (2 Ta) Optical fibres work because of total internal reflection. ey Large operture of objective of astronomical telescope allows large amount of light to forms image with increased intensity a (Objects placed in between f and 2f of objective of compound microscope which forms real and enlarged image 2] 45% Sol.3 Ol) ‘Number of images will be 3, when 8 = 90°Sol.7 Sol.9 ‘will behave as concave mior of focal length 30 cia so object must be placed at 2F= 20 em vo form image cof same sz. SolL8 [1] 2] 2t P=P,+P) Light having more critical angle will emerge. = Light with small j1 will emerge = Light with smaller frequency will emerge By snell’s law = yellow, orange, Red will emerge Hg sin i = 1 = sin 90° Me= sini Sol.18 [2] A Q S P B Cc for minimum deviation QR must be parallel to BC [It AB = AC] Sol19 [2] Sol.20 [3] 2gh = 4 J2x10x72 = 16 ms. we Sol21 [1] 8 = A(jiy —[tR) = 5°(1.659 - 1.641) = 09° Sol22 [3] Sol.23 [1] 4 =25 30 So to correct the vision, person should use convex lens of focal length 50 cm.Sol.24 Sol.26 a ° Bya 15318-15140 F = =.034 or crown glass © = For flint glass w = 1:6852=1.6434 _ 64 1.6499 BI $0130 [4] P=Pi+P) fliyd 8 2°~P P)=375D $ol.32 [2] For point is at 180 cm. Sol.27 Sol.25 [2] 8m=A(H—1) F=AQS-DSA=10 v= Su=-S inch Using lens formula £= 125 inch Sol.29 [3] For dispersion without deviation > > Sol.31 [4]Sol.33 [3] Sol.34 [2] u=-Im=-100m Only convex misror can form erect and diminished image. $0135 [3] 166D Sol.36 [2] For reading the book Sol37 [1] Sol38 [3] MP fo 20 : 376 (i-3) fo = 208, --@) Tube length L = fy + £ = 105 20f + f= 105 f=Som and fy = 20%, = 100 em Sol40 [3] Sol.39 [2] x 6000 oe Pe SE Gig OA Hy ‘ML 32 ve 43 2x0 Vw = 2.25 « 10° mis Sol41 [2] IfU IF freq. is greater. critical angle will he lesser bis =sinOc = pir sin 90° 11.54 Sol70 = " wr =2.72 i f case @ wl Case Gi) Bat 8 Case Gil) p= } q SAhanegstive and f>fsal73 Diffraction where a is diameter of human pupil. Minimmm distance between two object that can be resolved at 1 = 500 nm. 25«1.220 d=25%6 a puta= 500* 10°. a=05x107m d=30pmA Sol.76 [1] - i=39° 80K 6=40° Ae = \ At? Bé/ Cc Brite-A ay An39+ 19-40 HA => When we decrease @, r2 increases. * => for transmission of light through AC <0 A-n <0 A-6.<1 @ sin(A—0) < sin ry snell law at AB sin® = usin n w@ from eq.(i) & Gi) sin{ asia) j< ine \ ny on Ray OPTICS EXERCISE # 4 Soll [1] When £= 0,1 =0 light ray retraces the path. Sol.2 [4] Due to variation of the refractive of the medium star appears twinkling. Sol3 [4] For real object misror virtual image that can not be obtained on the screen. Sol4 D1] Because concave mirror can form erect enlarged image.SoLS [4] Sol.6 [1] Focal length only depends on radius of curvature f= & Reason is the correct explanation, 2 Sol.7 [2] Assertion and reason both are correct. SoL8 fl] Because convex mirror has greater field of view. Sol9 [4] Sol10 [3] ‘Nothing can shine without light. L ay= <2 when pt > Hy hy ubsl SoL1l [3] SoL12 [4] It happens because of refraction. Frequency doesn't depend on medium. SoL13 [J] SoL14 [1] Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. Sol15 [1] Reason is correct explanation of Assestion. Soll7 [1] SoL16 [2] Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. Air bubble in water behaves as diverging lens because Hi. < Hy Sol-18 [2] Sol.19 [4] Every part of the lens forms complete image of the object. Conver lens is a converging $01.20 [3] Sol.21 [3] wp=1+2 mp = £0 f f, To increase MP f should be lesser. For greater MP fo Sol.22 [1] $ol23 [1] Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Sol.24 [1] $ol25 [2] Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion For normal adjustment L = f + fSol.26 [3] Sol.27 [1] 1 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. FNox + at a $0129 [2] 2 Sel28 [2] RP oc d diameter increases the resolving power. Diamond slitters because of TIR $0130 [1] Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion,