OMMUNI ATION

AND
GLOBALIZATION

CHAPTER 2
 OBJECTIVES

O M M U N I A T I O N
A N D G L O B A L I Z A T I O N At the end of this chapter, the
students would be able to:

 Explain how cultural and

global issues affect
communication

CHAPTER 2  Appreciate the impact of

communication on society
and the world
 CHAPTER OUTLINE
LESSON 1- The Meaning of Globalization
O M M U N I A T I O N
A N D G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
LESSON 2- Intercultural Communication
and Ethics

LESSON 3- Communication Approach to

Intercultural Communication
LESSON 4- Barriers to Intercultural
Communication

CHAPTER 2
LESSON 5- Characteristics of Intercultural
Communication
THE MEANING OF
GLOBALIZATION

LESSON 1
 G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8
19eT8
 It is the communication and
assimilation among
individuals, ethnicities, race,
GLOBALIZATION institutions, governments of
various nations supported by

technology and compelled by

international trade.
 Due to globalization, the more you become
exposed to diversity--- the valuing of
uniqueness of differences in gender

preference, color,
color, age, religion, affiliation,
affiliation,
ethnicity, education, social, economic status,
and political beliefs.

GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization is not a new process or
concept. Years before the advent of
technology, people had been purchasing and
selling each other’s properties, goods, and
other objects or certain value.

GLOBALIZATION
 C O N N E C T E D B U T A L O N E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7Xr3As
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7Xr3AsBEK4&t=339s
BEK4&t=339s
1. Financial
1.Financi al Globalization
Globalization TYPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
2.Economi
2. Economicc Globalization
Globalization
3.Technological Globalization
4. Political
4.Polit ical Globalization
Globalization
5.Cultur
5. Cultural
al Globalization
Globalization
6.Sociol
6. Sociological
ogical Globalization
Globalization
7.Ecologi
7. Ecological
cal Globalization
Globalization
8.Geographi
8. Geographical
cal Globalization
Globalization
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
T Y P E S O F G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
 CONCEPT
GROUNDING
Communication has since been
increasingly global, blurring
national boundaries. The ability to
communicate effectively in a global
context, a general understanding of
the differences in conducting
communication from one country to
another or from one culture to
another helps avoid
miscommunication.
 People’s beliefs and
experiences influence their
CONCEPT view of the world and the
GROUNDING values, beliefs, and behavior
patterns assumed to be good.
Review communication principles.

Analyze the message receiver.

STRATEGIES TO
Be open to accepting other’s BECOME
EFFECTIVE
culture.
COMMUNICATOR
(KRIZAN, 2004)
Learn about cultures and apply
a pply
what is learned.

Consider language needs.

INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
AND
ETHICS

LESSON 2
 Philippines is a broad
category that includes three
IDENTIFYING major island groups: Luzon,
YO
Y OUR
CULTURE Visayas, and Mindanao and

a large mixture of different

cultural groupings.
IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

So when someone sports a bumper

sticker “I am from the Philippines”

neither the connections being claimed
(what major island of the Philippines)

nor the particular subset of beliefs and

characteristics of the larger category
being asserted is immediately obvious.
IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

Identifying society and culture in

such ways makes the simple
mistake of assuming, for example,
that everybody from the same
nation or country has the same set
of assumptions and beliefs.
IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

Yet most countries have regions regarded

as different and distinctive (Ilocanos, Bicolanos,
Davaoenos, Kapangpangan). The belief system
in this smaller and diverse groups are often
recognized as somewhat different and distinct
from those within the larger society (Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao) or a nation. So which
culture represents the Philippines?
IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

Lesson 2 discusses cultural differences very

broadly and categorically:
categorically: If you are “Asian” or
“Western”, you will behave and communicate in
a certain way
way.. Although
Although such broad-brush ideas
are very helpful when travelling to other
countries, dealing with international
relationships, or discussing the clash of cultures
and/ or diversity , it is important to go beyond
the broad ideas and add some finer details.
IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

Consider how your membership in such

large categories or broad groups will

affect your communication. Only then
can you go on to see how communication
serves to perform membership of smaller
cultures, groups, and networks.
 ETHICS

AC
A CROSS
CULTURES
(KALE, 1997)
ETHICS ACROSS

CULTURES (KALE, 1997)

 Ethical communicators
address people of other
cultures with the same respect
that they would like to receive
themselves. Intercultural
communicators should not
demean or belittle the cultural
identity of others through
verbal or non-verbal
communication.
ETHICS ACROSS

CULTURES (KALE, 1997)

 Ethical communicators seek to
describe the world as they
perceive it as accurately as
possible. What is perceived to
be the truth may vary from one
culture to another, truth is
socially constructed. This
principle means that ethical
communicators do not
deliberately mislead or
deceive.
ETHICS ACROSS

CULTURES (KALE, 1997)

 Ethical communicators
encourage people of other
cultures to express
themselves in their
uniqueness. This principle
respects the right of people
to expression regardless of
how popular or unpopular
their ideas may be.
ETHICS ACROSS

CULTURES (KALE, 1997)

 Ethical communicators
strive for identification
with people of other
cultures. Intercultural
communicators should
emphasize the
commonalities of cultural
beliefs and values rather
than their differences.
COMMUNICATION
APPROACH TO
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION

LESSON 3
 PERSONALITY
STRENGTH

The main personal traits that

affect the intercultural
communication are self-concept,
self-disclosure, self-monitoring,
and social relaxation.
 It refers to the way
in which a person
SELF-CONCEPT

views the self.

COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY STRENGTH
 It refers to the willingness
of individuals to openly and
appropriately reveal
SELF-DISCLOSURE information about
themselves to their
counterparts.

COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY STRENGTH
 It refers to using social
comparison information
to control and modify
SELF-MONITORING
your self-presentation
and expressive behavior.

COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY STRENGTH
 It is the ability to reveal a little

anxiety in communication. Effective

communicators must know
themselves well and through their
SOCIAL
self-awareness, initiate positive
RELAXATION attitudes. Individuals must express a
friendly personality to be competent
in intercultural communication.

COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY STRENGTH
 COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

Individuals must be
competent in verbal and non-
verbal behaviors. Intercultural
communication skills require
message skills, behavioral
flexibility, interaction
management, and social
skills.
 It refers to the
MESSAGE SKILLS ability to understand
and use the language
and feedback.
COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
 It is the ability to
BEHAVIORAL
FLEXIBILITY select an appropriate
behavior in diverse
contexts.
COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
 It emphasizes a
INTERACTION person’ss other
person’ other-oriented
-oriented
MANAGEMENT
ability to interaction,

such as attentiveness
COMPONENTS OF and responsiveness.
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
 These are emphaty and identity maintenance.
Emphaty is the ability to think the same

SOCIAL SKILLS thoughts and feel the same emotions as the

other person. Identity maintenance is the ability
to maintain a counterpart’s identity by
communicating back an accurate understanding

of that person’s identity. In other words, a

competent communicator must be able to deal
COMPONENTS OF with diverse people in different situations.
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
A
ADDJUSTMENT

Effective Communicators must

be able to acclimate to new
environments. They must be
able to handle the feelings of
“culture shock” such as
frustration, stress, and
alienation in ambiguous
situations caused by new
environments.
CULTURAL
AW
A WARENESS
To be competent in
intercultural communication,
individuals must understand
the social customs and the
social system of the host
culture. Understanding how
people think and behave is
essential for effective

communication with them.

I NBTAERRRCIUE LRTSU TROA L
COMMUNICATION

LESSON 4
AN
A NXIETY

When you are anxious

because of not knowing
what you are expected to

do, it is only natural to

focus on that feeling and
not be totally present in
the communication
transaction.
A
ANNXIETY

For example, you may

have experienced anxiety on
your very first day on a new
college campus or in a new
job. You
You may be conscious of
being new- and out of place-
and focus so much of your
attention on that feeling that
you make common mistakes

and appear awkward to others.

AS
A SSUMING
SIMILARITY INSTEAD
OF DIFFERENCES
Each culture is different and

unique to some
Boucher (2004), degree.
as stated by
Jandt (2010), has shown how
cultures differ as to whom it is
appropriate to display
emotions. If you assume the
display of emotions is similar
to your culture, you might see
people of diffe
different
rent culture
culturess in
certain circumstances as
lacking emotions
 inappropriately.

AS
ASSUMING SIMILARITY

INSTEAD OF
DIFFERENCES

The INVERSE can be a

barrier as well. ASSUMING
DIFFERENCES INSTEAD
OF SIMILARITY can lead
to your not recognizing
important things that
cultures share in common.
AS
ASSUMING SIMILARITY

INSTEAD OF
DIFFERENCES

It is better to assume
nothing. It’s better to ask,
“What are the customs?”
rather than assuming they
are the same- or different-
everywhere.
ETHNOCENTRISM
The third barrier to

effective intercultural
communication is
ethnocentrism, or
negatively judging
aspects of another
culture by the standards
of one’s own culture.
ETHNOCENTRISM

The third barrier to

effective intercultural
communication is
ethnocentrism, or
negatively judging aspects
of another culture by the
standards of one’s own
culture.
ETHNOCENTRISM

To be ethnocentric
is to believe in the
superiority of one’s
culture. Everything in
a culture is consistent
to that culture.
STEREOTYPING

The term “stereotype” is

the broader term commonly
used to refer to negative or
positive judgments made
about individuals based on
any observable or believed
group membership.
STEREOTYPING

The word “stereotyping”

was first used by journalist
Walter Lippman in 1992 to
describe judgments made
about others on the basis of
their ethnic group
membership.
STEREOTYPING

Today, the term is

more broadly used to
refer to judgments made
on the basis of any group
membership.
STEREOTYPING

AS YOU KNOW IT

Although you may

think of stereotypes as
being negative
judgments, they can also
be positive. Some people
hold positive stereotypes
of other individuals based
on their professional
group membership. For
example, some people
assume that all doctors
are intelligent and wise.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
STEREOTYPING ON
COMMUNICATION
They can cause us to assume that a
widely held belief is true when it
may not be.

Continued use of stereotype

reinforces the belief.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS
OF STEREOTYPING
ON
Stereotypes also impede
communication when they can COMMUNICATION
cause us to assume that a widely
held belief is true of any individual.

The stereotype can become a “self-

fulfilling prophecy” for the person
stereotyped.
 PREJUDICE
Prejudice refers to the irrational
dislike or hatred of a particular
group, race, religion, or sexual
orientation (Rothenerg, 1992).
Persons in the group are viewed
not in terms of their individual
merit but according to the
superficial characteristics that
make them part of the group.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
 LESSON 5

MOTIVATION
The desire to communicate
successfully with strangers is an
important start. For example,
people high in willingness to
communicate with people from
other cultures report a greater
number of friends from different
backgrounds than those who are
less willing to reach out. Having
the proper motivation is
important in all communication,
but particularly so in
intercultural interactions
 because they can be quiet
challenging.

TOLERANCE
AM
A FOR
MBIGUITY

Communicating with people

from different backgrounds can
be confusing
confusing.. A tolerance for
ambiguity makes it possible to
accept, and even embrace, the
often equivocal and sometimes
downright incomprehensible
messages that characterize
intercultural communication.
TOLERANCE FOR
AM
A MBIGUITY

For instance, a native American

who
raisedhappens to workNative
in traditional with colleagues
American
co-cultures may find them much
quieter and less out-going than they
are used to. The first reaction might

be toof
lack think of this
th is reserved
friendliness. attitude
However, as
it may
be a reflection of a co-culture in
which a reserved nature is valued
more than extroversion and silence
more than being talkative. In cross-
cultural situations like this, ambiguity
is fact of life and a challenge.

OPEN-
MINDEDNESS
In some parts of the world, you
may find that women are not
regarded with the same attitude
of equality that is common in

the West.you
cultures, Likewise,
may beinamazed
other
at casual tolerance of poverty
beyond anything at home. Or
with practices of bribery that
don’t jibe with other culture’s
 notion of what is ethical.

OPEN-
MINDEDNESS
In situations like these,
principled communicators are
not likely to compromise deeply
held beliefs about what is right.
At the same time, competence
requires an attitude that
recognized that people who
behave differently are most
likely following rules that have
governed their whole lives.
KNOWLEDGE
AN
A ND SKILL
One way to boost your
understanding of cultural
differences is via mindfulness-
awareness of your own behavior
and that of others. Communicators
who lack this quality blunder
through intercultural encounters
mindlessly. Oblivious of how their
own behavior may confuse or
offend others, and how behavior

that they consider weird may be

simply different.

KNOWLEDGE
AN
A ND SKILL
Communication Theorist

Charles
three Berger outlines
strategies for
moving forward to a
more mindful, competent
style of intercultural
communication:

 Passive Observation
 Active Strategies
 Self-disclosure
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

3 Strategies for
f or Competent Intercultural
Communication

PASSIVE It involves noticing what behaviors

embers of a different culture use and
OBSERVATION applying these insights to communicate in
ways that are most effective.
ACTIVE STRATEGIES

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

It includes reading, 3 Strategies for

watching films, and asking
Competent
experts and members of the
other culture hoe to behave, Intercultural
as well as taking academic Communication
courses related to
intercultural
communication.
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

3 Strategies for
f or Competent Intercultural
Communication

It involves volunteering
personal information to people

from the other culture with

whom you want to
communicate. One type of self-
disclosure is to confess your
cultural ignorance: “This is very
new to me. What’s the right
thing to do?” This approach is

SELF-DISCLOSURE the
someriskiest of may
cultures the three since
not value
candor and self-disclosure as
much as others. Nevertheless,
most people are pleased when
strangers attempt to learn the
practices of their culture, and
they are usually more than
willing to offer information and
 assistance.

Agustin, Racquel, et.al. Communication in

Multicultural Contexts: Meanings and Purposes.
Purposes.
Panday-Lahi Publishing, Inc. 2018

Wakat, Geraldine S. et.al., Purposive Communication.

Lorimar Publishing, Inc.,2018

Article "Communication and Globalization- A

Challenge for Public Policy" by Marc Raboy

REFERENCES Eight Types

Types of Globalization
https://slideplayer.com/slide/15024256/

Video "Connected but Alone?" in TED Talk

https://www.youtube.com/results?search.query=connec
ted+but+alone

Video “Globalization”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8
19eT8
C O M M U N I C AT I O N A N D
GLOBALIZATION

END OF
CHAPTER 2
Prepared
Prepared by:

Ms. MARY LYKA ROTAIRO, LPT

Faculty Member