Egypt Continued - Early Dynasty & Old Kingdom, New Kingdom

THINGS FOR NEXT CLASS:

● Finish Gardner chapter 3
● Smarthistory assignment : Thutmoses bust of Nefertiti
● Art Events
○ MOR giving out free tickets for “Museum Day’ on Smithsonian website
○ Waller-Yablonsky Gallery - We’re Back! 2nd year grad student show Reception
9/13 @ 5:15-7 pm
○ Undergrad research - Jenny Olin SUB Ballroom 9/14 @ 3pm
UMBRELLA
We’ve looked at pre-dynastic

Terms
● Mastaba - Eternal House
● Ka - Life vitality/ your double
● Ba - your ‘soul’
● Akh - part of the spirit that will hopefully ascent to the heavens
● Necropolis - city of the dead, multiple tombs
● Ziggurat - platform for the temple (mainly made from stone (granite)
● Ben-ben - pyramid shape
● Ashlar Masonry - formed using finely stones dressed of same size and texture laid
together in cement or lime mortar of equal size joints
● Fresco Secco - placing pigment on an already dried surface

General Knowledge
● Egyptians
○ Like to make permanent of things found in nature
○ Nile river
■ When receded, mounds would appear (mud brick, and then stone as time
went on)
■ Flooding of the nile made their belief system
○ Obsessed with eternity
■ If the body was ruined, the Ka could use the images made of their image
to live on in
○ East represented life and birth (the sun)
■ Rose with the king
○ West represented death (the falling of the sun)
○ Lotus flower thrived in the north, hence given the name of it
● Early Dynastic Period
○ Dynasties 1,2,&3 - 2950-2575 BCE
● Old Kingdom Egypt
○ 2575-2134 BCE
○ 4-8th dynasties

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 ○ Time of great stability and wealth
■ Many Kings wanted to be associated with this time
■ Symbolized by the stability of the geometry forms that they used
○ Great pyramids
■ Menkaure
■ Khafre
■ Gizeh ( many different ways to spell it)
■ Egypt
■ Built between 2550 and 2472 BCE - 4th Dynasty
■ Symbol of power
○ Founding myths
■ Osiris
● God of the afterlife, god of the underworld (not like Hades who is
associated with Fear)
● A creator god like Omen
● God of order
● One of four siblings - married sister isis
○ Set was angry and cut up osiris for marrying isis
○ And cut up Osiris. The wife collected Osiris and rebuilt him
○ Agricultural society
■ Great architects
■ Only one mistake on one side, an 8 inch mistake
■ Control the populus through labor, make sure there were no rebels

Art
● Mastaba of Queen Kent-Kawe - 2450 Early Dynastic Period
● Stepped Pyramid and Mortuary precinct of Djoser - Saqqara, Egypt, ca 2630 BCE
○ Imhotep (architect)
■ Revered as a god after his death
○ Across the river from the capital of Memphis
○ Made from mud brick
■ No use of kiln stones
● Facade of the North Palace of the mortuary precinct and columnar entrance corridor of
Djoser - Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2630 BCE
○ First columns (engaged columns) non-weight bearing
○ These columns have great influence on Greek architecture
● Pyramid of Khufu
○ ‘Ben-ben’ - symbol of sun god Re
○ Pharaohs were thought to be the incarnation of the sun god one earth
○ Founding myth of Osiris - order and chaos
○ White pyramid reflected the rays of the sun that Pharaohs use to ascent to
heaven
● Great Sphinz - Gozeh Egypt, ca 2500 BCE

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 ○ Lion body representing power of the king
○ Human head representing the knowledge of the King
○ Made of Sandstone
○ Long, composite Pharaoh
● Old Kingdom Sculpture - Khafre from Gizeh Egypt 2500 BCE
○ Not an exact portrait
○ Horus
■ Falcon god
○ Idealistic
○ Used as a secondary option for the Ka to reside in
■ The King can continue his happiness in his afterlife
○ Papyru and lotus intertwined, symbol of unification
○ Close knit, made to last and not have things broken off
● Menkaure and Khamerernebty - Gizeh Egypt , ca 2490 BCE
○ Made to last
○ Idealized figure
○ Serene look, unchanging
○ High relief, not meant to be viewed in the round
○ Painted
● Seated Scribe
● Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt - saqqara, Egypt, ca 2400 BCE
○ Relief in the mastaba of Ti
○ Minor official from the 5th dynasty
○ A painted relief sculpture
○ Painted limestone
○ Hierarchy of scale
○ Ti is in composite view

Essential Link
● Both depict a ruler engaged in hunting
● Both support a hierarchy of scale
●

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