Aptitude2 Dr. Vishal

Placement Training
Batch-2023
FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor
Aptitude-2
1. Mixture & Allegation and Chain Rule
2. Seating Arrangements
3. Blood relation
4. Direction Sense
Dr Vishal Patil 5. Permutation & Combination
Assistant Professor
6. Probability & set theory
Department of Mathematics 19-07-2023
1
19-07-2023
Chain rule
Aptitude-2
1. Mixture & Alligation

STORY OF SHOPKEEPER
LALAJI….. People believe that
40 Rs/kg rice is very cheap and
RAJU…. What is the
that 80 Rs/kg rice is very
reason for the low sales

expensive. As a result, nobody

of rice?
is buying.
40 Rs/kg 80 Rs/kg
Take 1kg of 80Rs/kg rice 1 kg 1 kg

and 1kg of 40Rs/kg rice
and mix them. 2 kg of 120 Rs/kg
Rice. Waaaa..LALAJI
People who believe that 1 kg of

60 Rs/kg
40 is very cheap and 80 Rice.
is very expensive will
19-07-2023 purchase this. 3
Example: In what proportion must rice of Rs. 40 per kilogram be mixed
with rice of Rs. 80 per kilogram. So, that the mixture be worth Rs. 60 per
kilogram

40 80
Ratio of the mixture is
20:20 = 1:1
60
80-60=20 60-40=20
19-07-2023 4
I. Alligation
It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more

ingredients at the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of
desired price.
II. Mean Price
The cost of a unit quantity of the mixture is called the mean price.
19-07-2023 5
III. Rule of Alligation :
Suppose Rs.’c’ per unit be the price of first ingredient mixed with

another ingredient (cheaper) of price Rs. ’d’ per unit to form a mixture
whose mean price is Rs. ‘m’ per unit, then
Quantity of cheaper : Quantity of dearer
= ( C.P of dearer - Mean Price ) : ( Mean Price - C. P of cheaper )
= ( d- m ) : ( m - c )
𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒅−𝒎
= 𝒅−𝒎 : 𝒎−𝒄 =
𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒎−𝒄
19-07-2023 6
19-07-2023
7

IV. Suppose a container contains x units of liquid from which y units are
taken out and replaced by water. After operations , the quantity of pure

liquid
19-07-2023 8
MILK: Water

MILK WATER

7 : 3 10 Total mixture
2 litre 8 Total mixture
In the ratio 7 : 3 In the ratio 7 : 3
(7 : 3)*8/10
(7 : 3)*2/10
5.6 : 2.4
1.4 : 0.6
19-07-2023 9
Example 1: In what proportion must tea at Rs. 10 per kilogram be
mixed with tea at Rs. 14 per kilogram. So, that the mixture be worth Rs.

12 per kilogram?

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 14−12
=
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 12−10
=2:2
=1:1
19-07-2023 10
https://scoop.eduncle.com/mixture-and-alligation-question-tips-and-tricks
Example 2. In what ratio, a shopkeeper should mix the sugar of Rs. 20 per kg
with the sugar of Rs 40 per kg so that the amount of mixture become Rs 35 per
kg?

20 40
5:15 = 1:3
35
40-35 = 5 35-20=15
19-07-2023 11
Example 3. In what ratio, the water should be added in the milk of Rs. 42 per
litre so that the value of the mixture become Rs. 28 per litre

0 42
14:28 = 1:2
28
42-28 = 14 28-0= 28
19-07-2023 12
Example 4. A shopkeeper mixed the pure Ghee of Rs. 150 per kg in the local Ghee Rs. 75
per kg and made a profit of 20% after selling this mixture at Rs. 108 per kg. Find the
amount of both type of Ghee in the mixture.

Ghee of RS. 75. Ghee of RS. 150
150- 90=60 --90- 90-75 =15

The ratio is
60:15 = 4 : 1
Profit is 108 Selling Price (SP)= 108

Therefore. 108 = a x 120/100
Profit = 20%
A = ( 108 x 100)/120
A = 90 Cost price (CP) = ( 108 x 100)/120
CP = 90
19-07-2023 13
Example 5. A jar contained mixture of two liquids A and B in the ratio 4:1. When 10 litre of the mixture was
taken out and 10 lit of liquid B was poured in the jar B this ratio be come 2: 3. The quantity of liquid B contained
in the Jar initially was?
(a) 4 lit. (b) 5 lit. © 12 lit. (d) 16 lit

Therefore liquid B initially in the Jar was 4 lit
(option a)
A:B 10 lit of mixture taken out
10 lit of liquid B was added
4:1
2:3 Added only liquid B, therefore ratio of A should be same. Make it same by multiplying 2 .
4:6
5 unit of liquid B increased after adding 10 lit.
:5 unit = 10 lit
5/2 = 10
2.5 unit = 10
1 unit = 10/2.5
1 unit = 4 lit
19-07-2023 14
Example 6. A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio 4:3. if 5 litres of water is added to the
mixture, the ratio becomes 4:5. The quantity of alcohol in the given mixture is.
A) 3 lit B)4 lit C) 15 Lit D) 10 lit

Let the quantity of alcohol and water be 4x litres and 3x litres respectively.
4x : (3x+5) = 4 : 5
20x = 4(3x+5)
8x = 20
x = 2.5
Quantity of alcohol = (4×2.5) litres = 10 litres.
19-07-2023 15
Example 7. 5 litre milk is taken out from the pure milk of 50 litre and 5 litre water replaced with milk, from this
mixture 5 litre of mixture taken out and replaced with 5 litre of water. This repeated again. After replacing the
third time what will be the quantity of milk in the mixture?

50×(1−5/50)×(1−5/50)×(1−5/50)
=50×(45/50)×(45/50)×(45/50)
=50×(45/50)3
=50×(9/10)3
= 36.45 L
19-07-2023 16
Example 8. 20 % of the milk taken out from a vessel full of pure milk and replaced with same amount of water.
This process is repeated three times, after third replacement what will be the quantity of pure milk?

Let pure milk was 100L. So,
Water is replaced 20% in per process = 20% of 100 = 20L.
Now, we use short-cut formula for it.
Quantity of Milk reduced to,
= X × [1-(X/Y)]n
= 100 × [1 - (20/100)]3
= (100 × 64) / 125
= 51.2 %
19-07-2023 17
Example 9. A trader has 100 kg of wheat, part of which he sells at 5% profit and the rest at 20%
profit. He gains 15% on the whole. Find how much is sold at 5% profit

if x = amt sold at 5% profit , y = amt sold at 20% profit 5 20
Then,
x + y = 100
5x + 20y = 1500
solving the above equation we get
x = 33.3. 15
20-15 = 5 15-5=10
5:10 = 1:2
(1:2)*100/3
19-07-2023 18
Example 10. A mixture of certain quantity of milk with 16 litre of water is worth 90 p per litres. If
pure milk be worth Rs. 1.08 per litre. How much milk is there in the mixture?

Let there be x liters of milk

1.08
(x+16)90=x×108 0
(108)
90x+90×16=108x Ratio of the mixture is
108x−90x=90×16
18:90 = 1:5
18x=90×16 Let there be x liters of milk
x= (90×16)/18 Total mixture 16+x then water,
(5)*(16+x)/6=x 90
x=5×16=80 x = 80
80 liters of milk is there in the mixture.
108-90 = 18 90-0=90
19-07-2023 19
Example 11. A dishonest milk man sells milk at cost price but he mixes it with water and there by
gains 25%. What is the percentage of water in the mixture?
Solution: Let's assume milkman has 100 liter of milk, If he added x liter of water, the percentage of water

in the mixture

25% profit which is 25/100 1
Therefore ¼ mixture 0 c.P of 1 L
= [x / (100+x)] ×100 1:4 = 5 units milk
The milk gain 25%, he must have added 25 liter water in 100 liter of milk. Then the percentage of water in
the mixture
= [25 / (100+25)] ×100=20%

In the new mixture, If the milk is 80% then 80% of total mixture should be 100 liter
(100+x) × 80 / 100 =100 Ratio of the mixture is 4/5
c.P of 1 lt mixture
8x=200
1/5:4/5 = 1:4 (100/125)*1
x=25 1-4/5 = 1/5
(1)*100/5 = 20 % 4/5-0=4/5
Then, the percentage of water in the mixture =[25 / (100+25)] ×100 = 20%
19-07-2023 20
Rule 2:

Suppose, there are two bowls which are filled with water and milk. In container A the ratio of water and

milk is a:b and in container B the ratio of water and milk is c:d. If both the containers are emptied into a
third container then, the ratio of milk to water in the third container will be as follow:
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑
+ : +
𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑
19-07-2023 21
Example 12. There are two containers which are filled with water and milk. The first container
is filled in the ratio of 3:1 and the second container is filled with 5:2. If, both the containers
mixture is mixed-up then, the ratio of milk to the water in the mixture will be?

Solution:
Portion of milk in first container = 3/(3+1)=3/4
Portion of water in first container = 1/(3+1)=1/4
Same way,
Portion of milk in second container = 5/(5+2)=5/7
Portion of water in second container = 2/(5+2)=2/7
Therefore, the ratio of water and the milk in the third container will be = 3/4 + 5/7 : 1/4 + 2/7 = 41/28 : 15/28
19-07-2023 22
Example 13. A shopkeeper deals in milk and 45 litre mixture is to be distributed in Milk & Water
in the ratio of 4 : 1. If 4 litre milk & 3 litre water will be added in the mixture then what will be the
new ratio of water and milk?

A. 5 : 6
Solution
B. 3 : 10
In the mixture of 45 litre,
C. 4 : 5
Milk = (45/5)× 4 = 36 litre,
D. 7 : 8
Water = (45/5) × 1 = 9 litre
E. 10 : 3
New ratio, = 9 + 3 : 36 + 4 = 12 :40 = 3 : 10
Hence, option B is correct.
19-07-2023 23
Example 13. 48 litre of Glycerin is mixed with 144 litre Rose water. D litre of total mixture is taken
out and 32 litre Glycerin and 48 litre Rose water are added in the mixture. The final mixture contains
30% Glycerin, find the quantity of the mixture that is taken out.

Solution
A. 24 litre Total mixture = 48 + 144 = 192 litre
% of Glycerin = (48/192) × 100 = 25% = % of Rose water = 75% In the final mixture
B. 32 litre glycerin= 30%, Rose water = 70%
The ration of G and R is 1:3
Ratio = 30 : 70 = 3 : 7 (48-D*(1/4)+32) : (144-D*(3/4)+48)=3:7
C. 40 litre
(48 – D × 25% + 32) : (144 – D × 75% + 48) = 3 : 7
D = 32
D. 20 litre 7 (48 – D × 25% + 32) = 3 (144 – D × 75% + 48)
7 (80 – 0.25 D) = 3 (192 – 0.75 D)
E. None of these 560 – 1.75 D = 576 – 2.25 D
2.25 D – 1.75 D = 576 – 560
0.5 D = 16 D = 32 litre
19-07-2023 24
Example 15. In a mixture, the ratio of the alcohol and water is 6 : 5. When 22 liter mixture are
replaced by water, the ratio becomes 9 : 13. Find the quantity of water after replacement.

Solution

Let alcohol = 6x, water = 5x
A. 62 liter According to the question, 6x – 22 × (6/11) : 5x – 22 × (5/11) + 22 = 9 : 13
6x – 12 : 5x – 10 + 22 = 9 : 13
B. 50 liter
13 (6x – 12) = 9 (5x + 12)
C. 40 liter 78x – 156 = 45x + 108
78x – 45x = 156 + 108
D. 52 liter 33x = 264
x = 8 Water after replacement = 5 × 8 – 10 + 22 = 40 + 22 = 52 liter
E. None of these
Hence, option D is correct.
19-07-2023 25
Example 16. A solution of ‘THANDA SHARBAT’ has 15% sugar. Another solution has 5% sugar.
How many liters’ of the second solution must be added to the 20L of first solution to make a
solution of 10 % sugar?

A. 10 L Solution
Let required amount of second solution to be added = a L
B. 5 L
Then (15 × 20 + 5a)/(20+a) = 10
C. 15 L 300 + 5a = 200 + 10a

5a = 100
D. 20 L a = 20
Hence, option (D) is correct.
E. None of these
19-07-2023 26
Example 17. Two varieties of wheat - A and B costing Rs. 9 per kg and Rs. 15 per kg were mixed in the
ratio 3 : 7. If 5 kg of the mixture is sold at 25% profit, find the profit made?

Ratio of Wheat A : Wheat B = 3 : 7

A. Rs. 13.50 Find the cost of the mixture:
1 kg of Wheat A = Rs 9
B. Rs. 14.50 3 kg of Wheat A = 9 x 3 = Rs 27
1 kg of Wheat B = Rs 15
C. Rs. 15.50 7 kg of Wheat B = 15 x 7 = Rs 105
10 kg of the mixture = 27 + 105 = Rs 132
D. Rs. 16.50
Find the cost of 5 kg of mixture:
10 kg of the mixture = Rs 132
E. None of these
5kg of the mixture = 132 ÷ 2 = Rs 66
Find the profit:

Profit = 25% of Rs 66 = 0.25 x 66 = Rs 16.50
Answer: The profit is Rs 16.50

19-07-2023 27
Example 18. In a mixture of milk and water, the proportion of milk by weight was 80%. If, in a
180 gm mixture, 36 gms of pure milk is added, what would be the percentage of milk in the
mixture formed?

Solution Solution
A. 80%
Percentage of milk in the mixture formed Milk : water =80:20 = 4:1
B. 100%
= [80/100 (180) + 36] / (180 + 36) * 100% In 180 gm mixture, 4*180/5 = 144 gm milk
C. 84%
(144 + 36)/216 * 100% And 1*180/5 = 36 gm water, (144:36)
D. 87.5%
5/6 * 100% = 83.33%. 36gm milk is added (180:36)
E. None of these The percentage of milk = (180/216)*100
Hence, option E is correct.
83.3
19-07-2023 28
Example 19. Two vessels P and Q contain 62.5% and 87.5% of alcohol respectively. If 2 liters from
vessel P is mixed with 4 liters from vessel Q, the ratio of alcohol and water in the resulting mixture
is?

Solution
A. 16 : 5
Quantity of alcohol in vessel P = 62.5/100 * 2 = 5/4 litres
B. 14 : 5 Quantity of alcohol in vessel Q = 87.5/100 * 4 = 7/2 litres
C. 16 : 7 Quantity of alcohol in the mixture formed = 5/4 + 7/2 = 19/4 = 4.75 litres
D. 19 : 5 As 6 litres of mixture is formed, ratio of alcohol and water in the mixture

formed = 4.75 : 1.25 = 19 : 5
E. None of these
19-07-2023 29
Example 20. The ratio in which the price at Rs.7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to
produce a mixture worth Rs.6.30 a kg is:

Solution
A. 1:3
By the rule of allegation:
B. 2:3
C. 3:4
D. 4:5
∴ Required ratio = 60 : 90 = 2 : 3
19-07-2023 30
Example 21. The cost of Type 1 rice is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 rice is Rs.20 per kg. If both Type 1
and Type 2 are mixed in the ratio of 2 : 3, then the price per kg of the mixed variety of rice is

Solution

A. Rs. 19.50 Let the price of the mixed variety be Rs. x per kg. By the rule of alligation, we
have :
B. Rs. 19
Cost of 1 kg of type 1 rice Cost of 1 kg of type 2 rice
C. Rs. 18
D. Rs. 18.50
(20-x)/(x-15) = 2/3
60 - 3x = 2x - 30
x = 18.
19-07-2023 Hence, option C is correct. 31
Example 22. Equal quantities of three mixtures of milk and water are mixed in the ratio 1:2, 2:3 and
3:4. The ratio of water and milk in the mixture is ?

Solution

A. 193:122 Given the three mixtures ratio as (1:2),(2:3),(3:4)
B. 19:22 (1+2),(2+3),(3+4)
Total content = 3,5,7
C. 20:19
Given equal quantities of the three mixtures are mixed, then LCM of 3, 5, 7 = 105
D. None of the above
105/3 = 35 , 105/5 = 21 , 105/7 = 15
Now, the individual equal quantity ratios are (35x1, 35x2), (21x2, 21x3), (15x3, 15x4)
i.e (35,70), (42,63), (45,60)
So overall mixture ratio of milk and water is
35+42+45 : 70+63+60
122:193
But in the question asked the ratio of water to milk = 193 : 122
Hence, option A is correct.
19-07-2023 32
Direct Proportion

Two quantities are said to be directly proportional, if on the increase (or
decrease) of the one, the other increases (or decreases) to the same extent.
Eg. Cost is directly proportional to the number of articles.
(More Articles, More Cost)
19-07-2023 33
Indirect Proportion

Two quantities are said to be indirectly proportional, if on the increase of
the one, the other decreases to the same extent and vice-versa.
Eg. The time taken by a car is covering a certain distance is inversely
proportional to the speed of the car.
More speed, Less time taken
Note: In solving problems by chain rule, we compare every item with the
term to be found out.
19-07-2023 34
Example 25. If 15 toys cost Rs234, what do 35 toys cost?
A. Rs.540

Solution

B. Rs.546
Let the required cost be Rs x. Then
C. Rs.548
More toys, More Cost (Direct Proportion)
D. Rs.556 15 : 35 :: 234 : x
(15x) = (35 x 234)
X = 546
Hence, option B is correct
19-07-2023 35
Example 26. If 36 men can do a piece of work in 25 hours, in how many hours will 15 men do it?

Solution
A. 60 hours

Let the required number of hours be Rs x. Then
B. 50 hours
Less men, More hours (Indirect Proportion)
C. 66 hours
15 : 36 :: 25 : x
D. 70 hours
(15x) = (36 x 25)
X = 60
Hence, option A is correct
19-07-2023 36
Example 27. If the wages of 6 men for 15 days be Rs2100, then find the wages of 9 men for 12 days.

Solution

A. Rs 2520
Let the required wages be Rs x. Then
B. Rs 2560 More men, More wages (Direct Proportion)
Less days, Less wages (Direct Proportion)
C. Rs 2620
Men 6 :9
D. Rs 2650
Days 15 : 12 :: 2100 : x
6 x 15 x x = 9 x 12 x 2100
X = 2520
Hence, option A is correct
19-07-2023 37
Example 29. A farmer mixes two varieties of rice of price Rs. 36 per kg and Rs. 24 per kg in the ratio of 1: 2,
respectively. He sold the mixture for Rs. 2100 to earn a profit of 25%, then find the quantity of rice of cost Rs.
24 per kg used in the mixture. Solution

By rule of allegation,
A. 20 kg So we know cost of total mix = 2100/125% = 1680

so let quantity of Rs36/kg rice = x
B. 30 kg
so quantity of Rs24/kg = 2x
C. 40 kg So then
D. 50 kg 36x + 48x = 1680
84x = 1680
E. 60 kg
x = 20 kg = Rs 36/kg rice
so therefore Rs 24/kg rice = 20 x 2 = Rs 40 kgs
19-07-2023 38
Example 30. A person bought a 3 litre bottle of wine. On first night, he drank 60ml of its contents and replaced it
with water. From the second night onwards he drank 20 ml more than the previous night and replaced it with
water. He continued it till the bottle gets empty. What is the total quantity of water used in replacing?
Solution

On first night, he drank 60ml and added 60ml water to replace it.
A. 243440 ml

Second night onwards, he drank 20ml more than previous night. i.e., 60+ 20 = 80 ml
On third night, 80+ 20 = 100 ml
B. 223440 ml
Capacity of bottle = 3L = 3000 ml
C. 253450 ml Capacity replaced is-

60+80+100+ 120+………..+2980+ 3000
D. 203440 ml In the above expression 3000 is removed because on the last night he emptied the bottle without replacement.
So, the expression is-
E. 222460 ml
60+ 50+100+ 120+140+………..2980
This is a arithmetic progression,
Tn = a+ (n-1)d
2980 = 60+ (n − 1) 20
n = 147
Total quantity is calculated by applying the sum formula
Sn = {a+L} ×(n/2),
S = (60+2980) × 147 = 223440 ml
19-07-2023 39
Example 32. A drum contains 60 litres of petrol. From this drum 6 litres of petrol was taken out and replaced
by kerosine. This process was repeated further two times. How much petrol is now contained by the drum?
A. 40.84 litres

B. 41.65 litres
Solution
C. 42.94 litres
Amount of petrol left after 3 operations
D. 43.74 litres
= 60 × [1-(6/60)]3
E. None of these
= 60 × (9/10) × (9/10) × (9/10)
= 43.74 liters
19-07-2023 40
Example 33. Plastic and Leather are the two types of materials, used for making two different washers. How
many kg of Plastic must be needed along with 11 kg of the first washer and 20 kg of the second so as to
produce a new washer containing 40% of Leather, if the ratio of weights of Plastic and Leather in the first

washer is 6 : 5 and that in the second washer is 7 : 13?

Solution
A. 20 kg
B. 10 kg Let X kg of Plastic be added
C. 14 kg Weight of Plastic in the first Washer = [(11×6)/11] = 6 kg
D. 15 kg
Weight of Plastic in the second Washer = [(7×20)/20] = 7 kg
E. None of these
Total weight of new Washer = (11 + 20 + X) kg
Total weight of Plastic in new Washer = (6 + 7 + X) kg
➔ [(6+7+X) / (11 + 20 + X)] = 60 / 100
➔ X = 14 kg
Hence, option C is correct.
19-07-2023 41
Example 34. Deepak sells a product and the ratio of selling price to Profit earned is 3 : 2. If the
cost price and selling price is increased by 10% and 12% respectively, then find by how much
percent does profit increase?

A. 11% Solution
B. 9% Let the selling price be Rs. 300
C. 7% So profit is Rs. 200 and therefore cost price is Rs. 100
D. 5% Cost price increased by 10% => New cost price = Rs. 110
Selling price increased by 12% => New selling price = Rs 336
E. None of these
New profit = Rs. (336 – 110) = Rs. 226
So, Profit increase = Rs. (226 – 200) = Rs. 26
% profit increase = (26 / 200) × 100 = 13%
Hence, option E is correct.
19-07-2023 42
19-07-2023
Aptitude-2
Seating Arrangements
43

RULES
19-07-2023
W
S-W
N-W
S
N
N-E
S-E
E
Left
Right
Left
Right
44

Directions for questions 1 to 3: Answer the questions based on the information given below:
Arrangements Seven varsity football players (Amar, Banti, Charu, Dimpi, Eram, Faisal and Ganga) are to
be honoured at a special luncheon. The players will be seated on the dais in a row. Amar and Ganga

have to leave the luncheon early and so must be seated at the extreme right. Banti will receive the most
valuable player's trophy and so must be in the centre to facilitate presentation. Charu and Dimpi are
bitter rivals and therefore must be seated as far apart as possible.
Right Left
1. Which of the following cannot be seated at either end? G A C D
✔ B F E
(1) Charu (2) Faisal (3) Dimpi (4) Ganga A G D F C
E
2. Which of the following pairs cannot be seated together?
(1) Banti & Dimpi(2) Dimpi & Ganga(3) Charu & Faisal ✔
(4) Eram& Amar.
3. Which of the following pairs cannot occupy the seats on either side of Banti?
✔Eram& Ganga (4) Charu& Faisal
(1) Faisal & Dimpi (2) Dimpi&Eram (3)
19-07-2023 45
Directions for questions 4 & 5: Answer the questions based on the information given below: Five of India's leading
models are posing for a photo session to promote world peace. A photographer Rakesh Shrestha is having a tough
time getting them to stand them in a straight line. Lara refused to stand next to Sushmita as she had recently said

something against Lara in a leading gossip magazine. Priyanka and Anu want to stand together as they are good

friends. Kareena on the other hand does not get along well with Priyanka because there is some talk about Priyanka
scheming to get a contract already awarded to Kareena. Anu believes her friendly astrologer, who has asked her to
stand at the extreme right for all group photographs. Finally, Rakesh managed to pacify the girls and clicked a
beautiful picture of five girls, smiling and promoting world peace.
4. If Lara stands to the extreme left, who stands second from left? Right Left
(1) Kareena (2) Priyanka(3) Sushmita(4) Cannot say A P L K S
✔ L
S
SXLXS P A P PXKXP
19-07-2023 46
Directions for questions 4 & 5: Answer the questions based on the information given below: Five of India's leading
models are posing for a photo session to promote world peace. A photographer Rakesh Shrestha is having a tough
time getting them to stand them in a straight line. Lara refused to stand next to Sushmita as she had recently said

something against Lara in a leading gossip magazine. Priyanka and Anu want to stand together as they are good

friends. Kareena on the other hand does not get along well with Priyanka because there is some talk about Priyanka
scheming to get a contract already awarded to Kareena. Anu believes her friendly astrologer, who has asked her to
stand at the extreme right for all group photographs. Finally, Rakesh managed to pacify the girls and clicked a
beautiful picture of five girls, smiling and promoting world peace.
4. If Anu's astrologer tells her to stand second from left and Lara decides to stand second from right, then
who is standing on the extreme right?
(1) Priyanka (2) Sushmita(3)
✔ Kareena (4) Cannot say
Right Left
K L P A S
19-07-2023 47
19-07-2023
Aptitude-2
Blood Relations
48

RULES
There are 3 generations
1. Father, mother, grand father, grand mother, uncle, aunt…etc.

2. brother, sister, cousins, husband, wife..… etc
3. Son, daughter, niece, nephew
4. Husband + wife
5. Male(+) and female (-)
19-07-2023 49
Directions for questions 5 to 8: Read the following information carefully to answer the questions given below:
i) 𝑃 + 𝑄 means P is father of Q C+ D D+ B
ii) 𝑃 − 𝑄 means P is wife of Q
iii) 𝑃 × 𝑄 means P is brother of Q A + C A+ C-
iv) 𝑃 ÷ 𝑄 means P is daughter of Q A D+ - +

-

5. If 𝑨 ÷ 𝑪 + 𝑫 + 𝑩, which of the following is true? B B
(1) A is the daughter of B (2) B is the aunt of A ✔
(3) A is the aunt of B (4) A is the mother of B.
6. If 𝑨 − 𝑪 + 𝑩 and 𝑨 ÷ 𝑫, which of the following is true?

(1) D is the grandfather of B (2) B is the grandson of D (3) D is the grandmother of B ✔
(4) Cannot be determined.
7. If 𝑫 + 𝑨 × 𝑪 ÷ 𝑩, how is B related to D?
(1) Husband (2) Daughter (3) Son (4)
✔Wife
A
+ C
- + B
+
8. If 𝑨 × 𝑪 − 𝑩, which of the following is true?
(1)A is the brother in law of B (2) A is the brother of B (3) A is the father of B(4) A is the uncle of B.
✔
19-07-2023 50
Directions for questions 1 to 4: There are 6 persons A,B,C,D,E,F. Cis the sister of F. B is the brother of E's husband. D
is the father of A and grandfather of F. There are 2 fathers, 3 brothers,1 mother and 1 sister in the family.
1. Who is E's husband?
(1) B (2)D✔(3) A (4) F D+ B
+ +
+ E -

A+
2. Who is the mother?
(1) C ✔
(2) E (3) A (4) F C- F
+
3. How is C related to B?
1) Uncle (2) Nephew (3) Aunt ✔
(4) Niece B
+
D+
+
+ E
-
D+
4. How many male members are there? A+ B

+
A
+
+ E
-
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4)5
✔
C- F C- F
19-07-2023 51
9. Amit said, "This girl is the wife of the grandson of my mother and my father had no other child". How is Amit
related to the girl?
(1)Father ✔(3) Father-in-law(2) Grandfather (4) None of these
Mother

Amit
G + Grandson
10. A boy goes to see a film and finds a man who is his relative. The man is the husband of the sister of his
mother. How is the man related to the boy?
(1) Brother ✔
(3) Uncle(2) Nephew (4) None of these
Mother Sister +
Boy
19-07-2023 52
19-07-2023
Aptitude-2
Direction Sense
53

RULES FACING NORTH
N
N-W N-E Left

Right

Left Right
W E Left Right
FACING SOUTH
S-W Right
S-E Left
Right Left
S
Left Right
19-07-2023 54
1. Supriya walks 6 km towards the north, turns to her left and walks 8 km. She then turns to her left and walks 6
km. How far is she from the starting point and in which direction from the starting point?
(1) 6 km, North(2) 8 km, North, (3) 6 km, South ✔
(4) 8 km, West

8km

6km 6km
Supriya
2. Sona started walking towards the south and after walking some distance, turned to her right, walked some
distance, again turned to her left, walking some more and finally turned to her right and continued walking. In
which direction is Sona walking now? Sona
(1) South ✔
(2) West (3) South-West(4) North-East
19-07-2023 55
3. I want to proceed to the central market. I moved northwards and after covering some distance, turned left,
moved 5 kms and reached a crossing. The road in front of me leads to the temple and the road to my right leads to
the central market. In which direction is the central market located with reference to the starting point?

✔North-West, (3) South (4) South-West
(1) West, (2) Market

5 km
4. One morning, John was standing in the garden when Anand came just in front of him and started talking. Anand
saw that his own shadow fell to his right.-In which direction was John facing?
(1) South-West(2) South(3) West (4)
✔North At the time of sunrise, if a person is facing South,
his / her shadow will be towards his / her
Anand right (i.e., towards West). If a person is facing
towards North at the time of Sunset, his / her
shadow will be towards his / her right.
JOHN
19-07-2023 56
5. A person is driving towards the West. What sequence of turns should he take so that he ends up driving towards
the South?
(1) left, right, right(2) right, right, left(3) left, left, left ✔
(4) right, right, right

P R
L
R
R
L P
R
6 . I was walking in Southeast direction. After a while, I turned 90 degree to the right and walked ahead. Later, I
turned 90degree to the right. In which direction am I walking now?
✔North-West(3) South-West(4) North
(1) East (2)
19-07-2023 57
7. Village Q is situated to the north of Village P. Village R is situated to the east of Village Q. Village S is to the left of
Village P on a map. What is the position of Village S with respect to Village R?
(1) South-West(2) South (3) West(4) North-West
✔

Q R
S P
8. Twenty-five soldiers are standing in a row facing in opposite directions alternately from left to right. The fourth
soldier from the left is facing towards east. In which direction is the fifth soldier from the right facing?
(1)
✔West (2) East (3) South (4) North 1 2
25-5+1 = 21 st person direction
1 2 3 4 5 6 21 22 23 24 25
L R
19-07-2023 58
9. While trekking in mountainous terrain, Girish damaged his compass with the result that it points towards the
"North-East" marking when he faces the geographical North. With this compass in hand, if Girish treks towards the
geographical south, in which direction is he heading?

(1) North-East (2) South-East(3) North-West (4)
✔ South-West
10. Mahesh starts walking towards the east and after walking 30 meters, takes a right turn and walks another 30
meters. Then he takes left turn and walks 30 meters. Again, he takes left turn and after walking 15 meters finally
turns to his left and walks 60 meters. How far and in which direction is Mahesh from the starting point?
(1) 20 m North(2) 30 m West(3) 30 m South (4)15
✔ m South 30 m
30 m
60 m 15 m
30 m
19-07-2023 59
19-07-2023
Aptitude-2
Permutation & Combination
60

Permutation (Arrangements): Combination (Selection):
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛!
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑛, 𝑟) = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2). . . (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) 𝐶𝑟 = 𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) =

𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)!

𝑛 𝑛!
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑛
𝑃𝑟
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑛
𝐶𝑟 = r! 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = 𝑛𝑃𝑟
r!
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑃0 = 1 𝑃1 = 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑛!= 𝑛𝑃𝑛 𝑛
𝐶𝑟 = 𝑛𝐶𝑛−𝑟
𝑛 𝑛!
Permutation with repetition: 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑛
𝑛1 ! 𝑛2 ! … … 𝐶0 = 𝑛𝐶𝑛 = 1
𝑛
Circular permutation: 𝒏 − 𝟏 ! 𝐶1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 = 𝑛
𝒏−𝟏 !
Circular permutation: 𝟐 (If clockwise & anticlockwise 𝑛
𝐶𝑟 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 = 𝑛+1
𝐶𝑟
are same eg. Necklace, flowers in garland)
19-07-2023 61
19-07-2023
62

1. If 𝟔𝑪𝟐 = 𝒏𝑪𝟒 then n is
(1) 2 (2) 4 ✔
(3)6 (4) 8.

Solution: 𝟔𝑪𝟐 = 𝟔𝑪𝟔−𝟐 = 𝟔𝑪𝟒 ……. Therefore 𝒏 = 𝟔

2. If 𝒏+𝟏𝑪𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓, then n is
(1) 180 (2) 10 ✔

(3) 9 (4) 45
Solution: 𝒏+𝟏𝑪𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓
𝒏+𝟏 !
= 𝟒𝟓
𝟐! × 𝒏+𝟏−𝟐 !
𝒏+𝟏 𝒏+𝟏−𝟏 𝒏+𝟏−𝟐 !
= 𝟒𝟓
𝟐! × 𝒏+𝟏−𝟐 !
𝒏+𝟏 𝒏
= 𝟒𝟓
𝟐
𝒏 + 𝟏 𝒏 =90, by solving n = -10 and 9
19-07-2023 63
3. Out of 4 different objects A, B, C and D; in how many ways can two objects be arranged?
(1) 4𝑃2 (2) 4𝐶2 x 2! ✔

(3) Both 1 and 2 (4) None of these

4. How many 5digit numbers can be formed without repetition from the digits 0, 2, 3, 4 & 6?
(1) 120 (2) 80 (3) 102 ✔

(4)96
Solution: 5 digits number so 5 places, 1st place cannot be filled by 0.

1st place can be filled in 4 ways
2nd place can be filled in 4 ways
3rd place can be filled in 3 ways
Similarly 4th place 2 and 5th place 1 way. Total = 4 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 96
19-07-2023 64
5. How many 5digit numbers divisible by 9 can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 & 9 such that each digit
occurs at most once in any number?
(1) 96 ✔
(2) 192 (3) 288 (4) 208

Solution: We know that if a number is divisible by 9, then. sum of the digits must be divisible
by 9. If we follow the method as in last question we will have, C(7, 2) = 21
Out of these 21 selections we will choose those whose sum is divisible by 9. It will be very
lengthy, so we choose the alternative method.
Sum of given digits = 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 9 = 30

Hence we will select only those five numbers whose sum is 27, 18 or 9. But no five numbers will make the
sum 9. So we choose the five numbers which make their sum 18 or 27.
0, 2, 1, 6, 9 =18 and 0, 4, 6, 8, 9 = 27
Therefore, 96 + 96 = 192
19-07-2023 65
6. If all the letters of the word INVOLUTE are arranged in all possible ways, then how many words will have all the
vowels together?
(1) 288 ✔
(2) 2880 (3) 2008 (4) 208

Solution: (IOUE), N, V, T E
(IOUE), regard as one letter, so there are 5 different letters to be arranged in 5! Ways
IOUE can be arranged in 4! Ways
Total = 5! X 4! = 2880
7. 6 Football players, 7 Hockey players, 8 Tennis players and 9 Cricket players are to be arranged in a row. In how
many ways can they be arranged such that all the players who play the same game sit together?
(1) 61x7!x8!x9! (2) 4! (3) 30 (4)

✔4!x6!x7!x8!x9!
19-07-2023 66
8. How many words can be formed using all the letters of the word MULTINOMIAL?
(1) 11! (2) 11!/(2!x2!) ✔

(3) 11!/(2!x2!x2!) (4) None of these

9 . There are 6 tasks and 6 persons. Task 1 cannot be assigned either to person 1 or to person 2; task 2 must be
assigned to either person 3 or person 4. Every person is to be assigned one task. In how many ways can the
assignment be done?
(1) 144 (2) 180 (3) 192 (4) 360

✔
Solution: Number of ways doing T2 is 2 ways

T1 can be done in 3 ways
T3 can be done in 4 ways
T4 in 3 ways,,, T5 in 2 ways, T6 in 1 ways
Total = 2 X (3X4X3X2X1) = 144
19-07-2023 67
10. A new flag is to be designed with six vertical stripes using some or all of the colours yellow, green, blue and red.
Then, the number of ways this can be done such that no two adjacent stripes have the same colour is
(1) 12 x 81 (2) 16 x 192

✔ (3) 20 × 125 (4) 24 × 216

Solution: 1 stripe can be colored in 4 ways, 2 nd in 3 ways remaining all in 3 ways
Total= 4X 3^6 = 12 X 3^5 =12 X 81
11. There are 8 teams in a tournament. If every team plays exactly one match with every other team, find the total
number of matched played.
(1) 8C2 (2) 8P2 (3) 81 (4) 13.

✔
Solution: 7 + 6 + 5+ 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 28 / 8 teams , match will be played between 2 teams , 8C2
19-07-2023 68
12. An intelligence agency forms a code of two distinct digits selected from 0, 1, 2,.... 9 such that the first digit of the
code is non-zero. The code, handwritten on a slip, can however potentially create confusion, when read upside
down. How many codes are there for which no such confusion can arise?
(1)71 (2) 78
✔ (3) 80 (4) 69

Solution: there are 10 digits
code of two distinct digits with two places, 1st place in 9 (excluding 0) ways and 2nd place in 9 ways = 9 X 9 = 81 ways.
The numbers which create confusion are 1, 6, 8, 9. code of two distinct digits with two places, 1st place in 4 ways and
2nd place in 3 ways = 4 X 3 = 12 ways. In this 69 and 96 looks same upside down.
Total = 81 – 12 + 2 = 71
19-07-2023 69
13. 6 engineers and 5 doctors have to attend a round table conference. In how many ways can they be seated if no
two doctors sit next to each other?
1)5!x6! (2) 6P4 (3) 5!

✔ (4) 4!×6!

Solution: First make 6 engineers to sit around the table, it can be done in (6-1)! = 5! = 120 ways
Then in remaining 6 places 5 doctors can be seated , this can be done in = 6P5 ways
Ans is 5! X 6P5 = 5! X 6!
14. How many necklaces of 12 beads of different colours can be made from 18 beads of different colours?
(1) 18P12 (2) 11!/2✔

(3) 18C12 X 11!/2 (4) 24!
Solution: 12 beads out 18 can be selected in 18C12.
And (12-1)!/2
Ans = 18C12 X 11!/2
19-07-2023 70
15. Using all the letters of the word EXCLUSIVE, all possible words are formed. How many words do not have all the
consonants together?
✔ (1) 174240 (2) 174200 (3) 174040 (4) 174000

Solution: Consonants not together = All arrangement – consonants together

All together 9!/2! = 181440
Consonants together = ( 5!/2! ) * 5! = 7200 Ans = 181440 - 7200
16. The value of 𝟖𝑪𝟔 + 𝟖𝑪𝟕 + 𝟗𝑪𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟗
(1) 12C10 (2) 9C10 ✔

(3) 11C9 (4) 10 C 9
Solution: 𝑛
𝐶𝑟 = 𝑛𝐶𝑛−𝑟 𝟖
𝑪𝟐 + 𝟖𝑪𝟏 + 𝟗𝑪𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏 = 𝟗𝑪𝟐 + 𝟗𝑪𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
𝑪𝟗
𝑛
𝐶𝑟 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 = 𝑛+1
𝐶𝑟
19-07-2023 71
19-07-2023
Aptitude-2
Probability
72

Probability:
𝑚 No. of favourable events

𝑃 𝐸 = =
𝑁 Total no. of events in the experiment

So, if S is the sample space of this experiment,
𝒏(𝑬)
then 𝑷 𝑬 =
𝒏(𝑺)
𝑷 𝑬 +𝑷 𝑬ഥ ==𝟏
𝑃 𝜙 =0
𝑃 𝐴ҧ = 1 − 𝑃 𝐴
𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃 𝐵 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
19-07-2023 73
Note:
Addition Rule :
1.P(AUB)=P(A) +P(B)- P(A∩B) 1- P(AUB)= 𝑃( 𝐴ҧ ∩ 𝐵)

2.P(A∩B)= P(A) +P(B)- P(AUB) ҧ 𝐵ത
1. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝐴𝑈 A ∩ B B-A

A-B=
A ∩ 𝐵ത 𝐴ҧ ∩ 𝐵
3. P(A)=1- P(𝐴)ҧ ҧ 𝐵ത
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) =𝑃( 𝐴𝑈
ത
4.P(B) = 1- P(𝐵) 1- P(A∩B)= 𝑃( 𝐴𝑈ҧ 𝐵)
ത
From figure, CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY

1.P(A∩𝐵)ത = P(A) - P(A∩B) 1.P(A|B) = P(A∩B)/ P(B)
2.P(𝐴ҧ ∩ 𝐵) = P(B) - P(A∩B) 2.P(B|A) = P(A∩B)/ P(A)
• DE MORGANS LAW ҧ
3.P(𝐴|B) ҧ
= P(𝐴∩B)/ P(B)
4.P(A|𝐵)ത = P(A∩𝐵)/ ത P(𝐵)ത
1. 𝐴𝑈𝐵 = 𝐴ҧ ∩ 𝐵ത
5.P(𝐴|ҧ 𝐵)
ത = P(𝐴∩ ҧ 𝐵)/
ത P(𝐵)ത
𝑃(𝐴𝑈𝐵) =𝑃( 𝐴ҧ ∩ 𝐵)
19-07-2023 74
1. Three identical dice are rolled. The probability that the same number will appear on each of them is
(1)1/6 (2) 1/18 ✔
(3) 1/36 (4) 1/12

Solution: { (1,1,1), (2,2,2)……..(6,6,6)}, which 6/6^3 = 1/36
2. A square is selected at random on a chess board the probability that it is of size (4 x 4)

(1) 25/204 (2) 16/204 (3) 30/204
✔ (4) 17/204
Solution: Number of squares of size 1×1=(8)(8)=64
Number of squares of size 2×2=(7)(7)=49
Number of squares of size 8×8=1
Total squares =64+48+36+25+16+9+4+1=204
Probability of getting 4×4 square =25/204.
19-07-2023 75
3. A bag contains 20 mangoes and 10 apples, out of which 5 mangoes and 3 apples are defective. If a person takes
out two fruits at random, what is the probability that both are mangoes, or bot are good?
(1) 316/435 (2) 301/435
✔ (3) 317/435 (4) 313/435
Solution: Out of 30 items, two can be selected in 30C2 ways.

So total number of elementary event 30C2

Consider the following events:
A= Getting two mangoes; B= Getting two good items
Required probability =P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)....(i)
There are 20 mangoes, out of which 2 can be drawn in 30C2 ways.
∴P(A)=20C2/ 30C2
There are 8 defective pieces and the remaining 22 are good. Out of 22 good pieces, two can be selected in 22C2 ways
∴P(B)= 22C2 /30C2
Since there are 15 pieces which are good mangoes out of which 2 can be selected in 15C2 ways.
Therefore, P(A∩B)= Probability of getting 2 pieces which are good mangoes
=15C2/30C2Now,
Required probability
=P(A)+P(B)−(A∩B) [from (i)] = 20C2 /30C2+ 22C2 /30C2− 15C2 /30C2=316/435
19-07-2023 76
4. P(AnB)=1/2 ,P(A'nB’)=1/3 and P (A) =x and P(B) = 2x value of x is (where ‘ is compliment)
(1) 1/3 ✔
(2) 7/18 (3) 4/9 (4) ½
Solution: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)−(A∩B)--1

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = P(A′ ∩𝐵′ )

1 - P(A∪B) = 1/3
1- 1/3 = P(A∪B) == P(A∪B) = 2/3
Then 1 becomes,
2/3 = x + 2x -1/2
7/6 = 3x=== x =7/18
19-07-2023 77

Aptitude2 Dr. Vishal

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Placement Training

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

Take 1kg of 80Rs/kg rice 1 kg 1 kg

People who believe that 1 kg of

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Ratio of the mixture is

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

II. Mean Price

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

2 litre 8 Total mixture

In the ratio 7 : 3 In the ratio 7 : 3

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Ratio of the mixture is

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Ratio of the mixture is

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

150- 90=60 --90- 90-75 =15

Profit is 108 Selling Price (SP)= 108

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

= [25 / (100+25)] ​×100=20%

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Portion of milk in first container = 3/(3+1)=3/4

Portion of water in first container = 1/(3+1)=1/4

Portion of milk in second container = 5/(5+2)=5/7

Portion of water in second container = 2/(5+2)=2/7

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Hence, option B is correct.

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

C. 15 L 300 + 5a = 200 + 10a

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

Find the profit:

Answer: The profit is Rs 16.50

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

D. 19 : 5 As 6 litres of mixture is formed, ratio of alcohol and water in the mixture

produce a mixture worth Rs.6.30 a kg is:

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

FET, Jain (Deemed to-be University)

Dr Vishal Patil, Assistant Professor

3:4. The ratio of water and milk in the mixture is ?

= [25 / (100+25)] ×100=20%