Design of Concrete Structure II Sessional

Course Code: CE 4212

Topic: Earthquake Analysis

Prepared by-

Nadira Islam Nila

Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Northern University of Business & Technology, Khulna
Design Base Shear:
V = Sa W

𝑆𝑎 = Lateral seismic force co-efficient

W = Total seismic weight of the building

2 𝑍𝐼
𝑆𝑎 = 𝐶𝑠
3𝑅

𝑆𝑎 = Design spectral acceleration (in units of Q) which shall not be less than 0.67βZIS

𝛽=Coefficient used to calculate lower bound for 𝑆𝑎 . Recommended value for 𝛽 is 0.11

Z= Seismic zone coefficient

I= Structure importance factor

𝐼
R= Response reduction factor which depends on the type of structural system. The ratio
𝑅
cannot be greater than one.

Cs = Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which is a function of structure

(building) period and soil type (site class) as defined by Equations.

T
Cs = S(1 + 2.5η − 1 for 0 ≤ T ≤ TB
TB

Cs = 2.5Sη for TB ≤ T ≤ TC

Tc
Cs = 2.5Sη for TC ≤ T ≤ TD
T
 TC TD
CS = 2.5Sη 2
for TD ≤ T ≤ 4 sec
T
Where,

S= Soil factor which depends on site class

T= Structure (building) period

𝑇𝐵 = Lower limit of the period of the constant spectral acceleration branch as a function of
site class.

𝑇𝐶 = Upper limit of the period of the constant spectral acceleration branch as a function of
site class.

𝑇𝐷 =Lower limit of the period of the constant spectral displacement branch as a function
of site class.
𝜂= Damping correction factor as a function of damping with a reference value of 𝜂=1 for
5% viscous damping. It is given by the following expression:

𝜂= 10/(5 + 𝜉) ≥ 0.55

Where,

𝜉= is the viscous damping ratio of the structure, expressed as a percentage of critical

damping.

N:B: The value of 𝜼 cannot be smaller than 0.55

Site Classification:
σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑑𝑖
Shear wave velocity, 𝑉ത𝑆 = 𝑑𝑖
σ𝑛
𝑖=1𝑉𝑠𝑖

σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑑𝑖
ഥ=
SPT Value, 𝑁 𝑑𝑖 Where,
σ𝑛
𝑖=1𝑁𝑖

n= number of layers in upper 30m

σ𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑑𝑐𝑖
Undrained shear strength, 𝑆𝑢ҧ = 𝑑𝑐𝑖
𝑑𝑖 = Thickness of layer i
σ𝑘
𝑖=1𝑆 𝑁𝑖 = Field (uncorrected) Standard Penetration
𝑢𝑖
Value for layer
𝑉𝑠𝑖 = Shear wave velocity of layer i
k= Number of cohesive soil layers in upper 30 m
𝑑𝑐𝑖 = Thickness of cohesive layer i
𝑆𝑢𝑖 = Undrained shear strength of cohesive layer i
Seismic Zone Co-efficient, Z:
Structure importance factor, I:
Normalized acceleration response spectrum, 𝑪𝒔 :

Building Period:
𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )𝑚

Where,
ℎ𝑛 = Height of building in meters from foundation or from top of rigid basement.
 𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )𝑚

57 0.9
= 0.0466 × ( )
3.28

= 0.6087 sec
From Table-
TB = 0.20 sec
TC = 0.60 sec
TD = 2.0 sec

From Calculation:
T = 0.6087 sec

𝑇𝐶 ≤ 𝑇 ≤ 𝑇𝐷

T
Cs = S(1 + 2.5η − 1 for 0 ≤ T ≤ TB Cs = 2.5Sη for TB ≤ T ≤ TC
TB

Tc TC TD
Cs = 2.5Sη for TC ≤ T ≤ TD CS = 2.5Sη 2
for TD ≤ T ≤ 4 sec
T T
 Tc
Cs = 2.5Sη for TC ≤ T ≤ TD
T

0.60
𝐶𝑠 = 2.5 × 1.15 × 1 × ( )
0.6087

𝐶𝑠 = 2.83

Response Reduction Factor, R:

Response System Deflection
Reduction Over-strength Amplification
Factor, R Factor,𝛺𝑜 Factor,𝐶𝑑
 2 𝑍𝐼
𝑆𝑎 = 𝐶𝑠
3𝑅
2 0.12×1.00
𝑆𝑎 = × ×2.83
3 7

=0.0323> 0.67𝛽𝑍𝐼𝑆
= 0.67 × 0.11 × 0.12 × 1.0 × 1.15
= 0.01017

𝑉 = 𝑆𝑎 𝑊

𝑉 N.B: This value

= 𝑆𝑎 × 100% should be checked
𝑊 with Etabs value.
=0.0323x100%
=3.23%