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Why Municipal Bonds Might Not Be Protected From Climate Risk Forever - Barrons
Why Municipal Bonds Might Not Be Protected From Climate Risk Forever - Barrons
An aerial view of a neighborhood destroyed by the Camp Fire in 2018 in Paradise, California. JUSTIN
SULLIVAN/GETTY IMAGES
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agency’s cash reserves and no new revenue came in, a default had
been expected.
Debt default is uncommon for muni bonds, which are often viewed as
a haven with steady, tax-exempt yields. Paradise’s example, however,
is ringing alarms for a looming long-term risk from climate change:
with more frequent and severe natural disasters, municipalities in
vulnerable areas could see their economy disrupted, their asset values
fall, and their tax base shrink—along with a deteriorating credit
outlook.
When Hurricane Ian hit Florida last year, S&P Global estimated that
the storm could shave 1.5 to 2 percentage points off Florida’s real GDP
growth in the third quarter of 2022. “With all the people sitting in
traffic for hours because of flooding, it’s an enormous economic cost,”
says Jesse Keenan, associate professor of real estate and urban
planning at Tulane University.
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But that support won’t always be there. “There are a lot of get-out-of-
jail-free cards for municipalities when it comes to climate risks,” says
Andrew Poreda, senior research analyst at Sage Advisory. “The fear is,
when those backstops don’t exist and municipalities are on the hook,
that’s when we start having problems.”
Many municipalities will also need to spend big bucks to adapt their
infrastructures: buttressing sea walls and elevating roadways in
coastal cities; ensuring roads don’t melt and electric grids don’t break
in regions facing extreme heat; better vegetation management in
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Over the past decade, there has been a lack of political will to ask
taxpayers for more funding, says Ruth Ducret, senior research analyst
at Breckinridge Capital Advisors. The size of outstanding muni bonds
has remained steady at around $4 trillion. “It’s not the capacity issue,
it’s a willingness issue,” she says.
Nora Wittstruck, ESG sector leader at S&P Global, says the ratings
firm not only evaluates the potential damages of climate risks, but
also what the issuers are doing to manage the risk and whether they
have enough liquidity to address the costs stemming from severe
events: “We anticipate that management teams won’t only use debt
issuance to fund their capital plan.”
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threat. Texas and Florida, for example, are both rated AAA by S&P
Global, despite the threat of storms and extreme heat.
Among U.S. counties in the ICE Muni Index with at least 100
outstanding muni bonds, HIP Investor identified 10 counties with the
highest future climate risk—many of them received high ratings from
major credit agencies.
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one or two years, even though the bonds’ maturities are typically 20 to
30 years. As a result, long-term climate risks aren’t weighted as much
as immediate cash flow challenges, says HIP’s Herman.
Many muni issuers cover a large service area with diverse revenue
sources, which could help cushion the risk of one particular event.
Strong economic outlook—an indicator of future tax revenue—could
also help mitigate the climate risk. Look no further than Maui:
Despite the immense loss from the recent wildfires, the county’s credit
rating wasn’t affected.
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