Test Bank For Psych 6th Edition Rathus

Test Bank for PSYCH 6th Edition Rathus
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Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

1. In language development, we naturally use prototypes and exemplars to organize and label objects within
categories.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Thinking
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYCH.RATHUS.20.07.01 - Define thinking and explain how thinking is used in
problem solving and decision making.
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
2. According to psycholinguistic theory, environmental influences do not affect language acquisition.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion"
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYCH.RATHUS.20.07.03 - Describe language development—the “two-year
explosion.”
TOPICS: Language acquisition theories
KEYWORDS: Remember
3. The mathematical formula the Pythagorean theorem is an example of a systematic random search
algorithm.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Understand
4. A criticism of the linguistic-relativity hypothesis is that a language's vocabulary suggests the cognitive limits
of the speakers of the language.
a. True
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
Name: Class: Date:
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Language
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYCH.RATHUS.20.07.02 - Explain the nature of language.
5. Overregularization reflects faulty language development.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
TOPICS: Language development
6. In N.R.F. Maier’s experiment, Bismarck, seemed to have had what Gestalt psychologists have termed an
Aha! experience, perhaps suddenly perceiving the relationships between the elements of the problem so that
the solution occurred by insight.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
7. Studies generally suggest that the heritability of intelligence is less than 20%.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:
REFERENCES: Nature and Nurture in Intelligence

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYCH.RATHUS.20.07.06 - Discuss the roles of nature and nurture in the
development of intelligence.
TOPICS: Heredity
Nature vs. nurture
8. The communication systems of the birds and the bees have high semanticity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
KEYWORDS: Remember
9. A composite of studies of the relationship between IQ scores and heredity suggests that both genetic and
environmental factors contribute to IQ scores.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Discuss methods of measuring intelligence and the "testing controversy."
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: PSYCH.RATHUS.20.07.05 - Discuss methods of measuring intelligence and the
“testing controversy.”
TOPICS: Intelligence testing
KEYWORDS: Remember
10. In divergent thinking, thought is limited to present facts; the problem solver narrows his or her thinking to
find the best solution, whereas, in convergent thinking, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of
the problem, allowing “leads” to run a nearly limitless course.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Theories of Intelligence
Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Intelligence development theories
KEYWORDS: Remember
11. When first-time voter Becky made her choices, she thought about her family’s party affiliation and her
similar beliefs which had formed over the years. Those beliefs were her anchor; however, she departed from
her parents’ viewpoints as she’d gotten older. Becky modeled the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in her
judgment and decision making.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
12. Unlike babbling, crying and cooing are inborn and prelinguistic.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
13. True language is distinguished from the communication systems of lower animals by properties such as
semanticity, infinite creativity, and linguistic relativity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Language
Cognition
KEYWORDS: Remember
14. Telegraphic speech is brief and grammatically incorrect.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
15. According to Robert Sternberg, there are three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
16. It takes children longer to learn new words than it takes apes to learn new signs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors

Name: Class: Date:
KEYWORDS: Remember
17. The Weschler intelligence scale yielded the mental age score.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
18. Because psychologists have engaged in thousands of studies on intelligence, they unequivocally agree on
the definition of intelligence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Emotion theories
Intelligence
19. In language development, over-inclusion of instances in a category is labeled overregularization.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Concept formation
KEYWORDS: Remember
20. According to research, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores tend to increase during the summer vacation.
Name: Class: Date:
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Nature vs. nurture
KEYWORDS: Remember
21. According to the linguistic-relativity hypothesis, language does not affect the way we perceive the world.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
22. Pointing to a cat and saying, "This is not a dog" is a(n) __________ of the dog concept.
a. hypermorph
b. positive instance
c. hypomorph
d. negative instance
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
KEYWORDS: Remember
23. Which of the following statements is true of prelinguistic vocalizations?

a. Babies' babbling frequently combines consonants and vowels.
b. During the second month, babies begin babbling.
c. Crying is a representation of language.
Name: Class: Date:
d. Unlike crying, babbling and cooing are prelinguistic.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
24. Nathan is teaching his son about dogs. He points to a dog in the neighborhood while saying the word "dog."
In this scenario, Nathan is using ________ of the dog concept.
a. positive instances
b. negative instances
c. hypomorphs
d. hypermorphs
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
25. __________ is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and
events in another time and place.
a. Convergence
b. Centration
c. Displacement
d. Divergence
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
KEYWORDS: Remember
26. Which of the following statements is true of communication by nonhumans?

Name: Class: Date:
a. Spontaneous language development does not occur in nonhumans.

b. Nonhumans do not show enlargement in the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.
c. Apes cannot be taught to communicate.
d. Although apes do not speak, they have been taught to use American Sign Language.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
27. Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?
a. Language acquisition is based solely on environmental influences.
b. Vocabulary development is independent of intelligence.
c. Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning.
d. Numerous researchers suggest that language learning begins at 36 months.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
TOPICS: Language development theories
28. The _________ assumes that the more similar something is to our expectations, the more likely the entity
belongs to that category.
a. anchoring heuristic
b. availability heuristic
c. representativeness heuristic
d. adjustment heuristic
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
Name: Class: Date:
KEYWORDS: Remember
29. Tom was trying to lose some weight prior to his wedding, so he decided what he wanted to look like for his
special day and then decided what weight-loss program he was going to follow. This is an example of
____________.
a. backtracking
b. the depth-first search algorithm
c. parallel processing
d. the means-end analysis
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
30. The ________ groups test questions into a number of separate subtests where each subtest measures a
different intellectual task.
a. Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale
b. Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
c. Binet–Simon scale
d. Wechsler scale
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
31. Which best characterizes Howard Gardner’s view of intelligence?

a. “Intelligence is three-pronged—with analytical, creative, and practical components.”
b. “There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain.”
c. “There is strong evidence for the general factor (g) in intelligence.”
d. “All abilities and factors are academically oriented.”
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Emotion theories
Intelligence development theories
KEYWORDS: Remember
32. In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the ________ prepares the nervous
system to learn grammar.
a. representativeness heuristic
b. language lexicon
c. availability heuristic
d. language acquisition device
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
33. A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) __________.
a. heuristic
b. algorithm
c. trial and error
d. rare
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
34. According to the representativeness heuristic, people make judgments about events according to:
a. their recent experiences with similar events.
b. the populations of events that they appear to depict.
c. how easy it is to find examples of relevant events.
d. their initial views, or presumptions.
ANSWER: b
Name: Class: Date:
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
35. __________ are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems.
a. Heuristics
b. Anagrams
c. Exemplars
d. Analogies
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
36. Identify a true statement about heuristics:

a. They require more scientific knowledge than algorithms.
b. They are more complicated than algorithms.
c. Unlike algorithms, they do not permit rapid solutions.
d. Unlike algorithms, they permit rapid decisions.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
37. Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating
__________.
a. regularization
b. cognitive dissonance

Name: Class: Date:
c. infinite creativity
d. centration
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
38. Jane is a 10-year-old girl with a mental age (MA) of 12. Jane's intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated using
Wilhelm Stern's formula is __________.
a. 90
b. 100
c. 120
d. 125
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
39. __________ is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.
a. Divergence
b. Convergence
c. Semanticity
d. Regularity
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
KEYWORDS: Remember

Name: Class: Date:

40. In __________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run
a nearly limitless course.
a. triangulation
b. convergent thinking
c. centration
d. divergent thinking
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Intelligence
KEYWORDS: Remember
41. Max’s three-year-old typically says things like, “I seed it” and “Mommy sitted down.” These examples
illustrate ____________.
a. systematic desensitization
b. cognitive mapping
c. counterconditioning
d. overregularization
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
42. Which of the following statements is true of concepts?

a. They represent things that can easily be measured.
b. They do not affect cognition.
c. They can represent visions of things that never were measured.
d. They do not represent activities.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

KEYWORDS: Remember
43. In psycholinguistic theory, the __________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates a child's learning of
grammar.
a. language lexicon
b. language acquisition device
c. cross-linguistic typology
d. extralinguistic cue
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
44. Marci would describe almost a perfect person whenever her friends would ask her who she thought was her
ideal life partner. This “perfect” person would be a(n) _______.
a. reinforcer
b. anagram
c. prototype
d. heuristic
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
45. The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study found that __________ were more similar than fraternal twins in
spatial memory, ability to categorize things, and word comprehension.
a. false twins
b. dizygotic twins
c. monozygotic twins
d. binovular twins
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Heredity
Nature vs. nurture
KEYWORDS: Remember
46. In __________, thought is limited to present facts and the problem solver narrows his or her thinking to find
the best solution.
a. spatial intelligence
b. divergent thinking
c. convergent thinking
d. creative intelligence
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
47. According to psycholinguistic theory, ___________.

a. language acquisition devices hinder the process of language development
b. language is acquired entirely through external factors
c. environmental influences affect language acquisition
d. the process of language acquisition is independent of parental reinforcement
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
48. Identify a true statement about problem solving.

a. Heuristics guarantee a correct solution.
b. Heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past.
c. Algorithms permit more rapid solutions than heuristics.
Name: Class: Date:
d. Algorithms are simpler and require less scientific knowledge than heuristics.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
49. Which of the following is a prototype of the category mammal?

a. reptile
b. dog
c. fish
d. bird
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
50. Dr. Jackson is often found in class using phrases like, “It is similar to …” and “kind of like ….” Making
connections between similar things is an example of a(n) __________.
a. exemplar
b. analogy
c. heuristic
d. algorithm
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
51. To explore the role of genetics on intelligence, psychologists utilize __________.

Name: Class: Date:
a. only animal studies

b. hereditary studies
c. computer models
d. genetic engineering
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Heredity
Nature vs. nurture
52. In the context of the theories of intelligence, __________ can solve problems to which there are no
preexisting solutions and no proven formulas.
a. analytical people
b. creative people
c. practical people
d. emotive people
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
53. Which of Sternberg’s types of intelligence could be referred to as “street smarts”?

a. Practical intelligence.
b. Spatial intelligence.
c. Emotional intelligence.
d. Analytical intelligence.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

KEYWORDS: Remember
54. Susan, an astronomer, studies the nature of stars and has contributed significantly to the understanding of
the laws that govern their behavior. In this scenario, Susan is exhibiting _________.
a. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
b. spatial-relations intelligence
c. personal intelligence
d. naturalist intelligence
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
55. Anna points to an object and tells her two-year-old son what it is. He then points and repeats what Anna
said. In the context of the social–cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) _________ for her child to acquire
language skills.
a. incubator
b. model
c. shaper
d. prototype
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
56. In Gestalt psychology, __________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally
represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
a. an algorithm
b. insight
c. catharsis
d. an anagram
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
57. Ryan is telling his grandchildren stories about growing up in another country. He describes his school and
memories about his childhood friends. In this scenario, Ryan's ability to communicate his experiences about
different times and places illustrates the quality of language known as _________.
a. centration
b. displacement
c. overextension
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
58. Patricia, a three-year-old girl, is having dinner. She looks at her father and says, "I eated food." In this
scenario, Patricia is exhibiting _________.
a. divergent thinking
b. cognitive dissonance
c. overregularization
d. counterconditioning
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
59. According to __________, language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences and the
inborn tendency to acquire language.
a. linguistic chauvinism
Name: Class: Date:
b. the empiricist theory of language acquisition

c. the triarchic theory of intelligence
d. psycholinguistic theory
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
60. __________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
a. Practicality
b. Creativity
c. Semanticity
d. Regularity
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
61. According to your text, true language is distinguished from the communication systems of lower animals by
all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. semanticity
b. holophrase
c. infinite creativity
d. displacement
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
TOPICS: Language
KEYWORDS: Remember
Name: Class: Date:
62. Joshua, a 10-year-old boy, knows that snakes are reptiles, all reptiles are animals, and all animals are living
things. In this scenario, Joshua organizes concepts in ________.
a. heuristics
b. mental sets
c. cognitive maps
d. hierarchies
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
63. Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis.

a. Infants display considerable intelligence before they have learned to speak.
b. Adults use only actions and gestures as units of thought.
c. A language's vocabulary suggests the range of its speakers' nonessential concepts.
d. A language's vocabulary suggests the range of its speakers' cognitive limits.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
64. Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of letters such as "skosc," "odg," "imal," and "orod" into words. In
this scenario, Tiffany is using _________ of the words socks, dog, mail, and door.
a. algorithms
b. anagrams
c. overextensions
d. prototypes
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Thought
65. A lawyer most likely has __________.

a. spatial intelligence
b. practical intelligence
c. creative intelligence
d. analytical intelligence
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
66. _________ refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.
a. Free association
b. Thinking
c. Overregularization
d. Operant conditioning
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
67. _________ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.
a. Displacement
b. Overextension
c. Functional fixedness
d. Cognitive dissonance
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Language
Cognitive factors
KEYWORDS: Remember
68. When a child utters the word "mama," it may signify meanings as varied as "There goes Mama," "Come
here, Mama," and "You are my Mama." Such single words used by children to express complex meanings are
known as _________.
a. prototypes
b. anagrams
c. holophrases
d. heuristics
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
69. __________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think
abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.
a. Semanticity
b. Instinct
c. Intelligence
d. Memory
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Emotion theories
KEYWORDS: Remember
70. In the context of creativity and intelligence, ________ helps generate many possible solutions to problems.
a. triangulation
b. centration
c. convergent thinking
Name: Class: Date:
d. divergent thinking
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
71. Daniel, a six-year-old boy, takes an intelligence test. The results of the test show that he is functioning
intellectually like the average eight-year-old. In this scenario, Daniel has a(n) __________ of eight.
a. intelligence quotient
b. chronological age
c. mental age
d. mental set
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
72. __________ holds that innate factors, which make up children's nature, cause children to attend to and
acquire language in certain ways.
a. Linguistic determinism
b. The nativist theory of language development
c. The empiricist theory of language acquisition
d. Linguistic chauvinism
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
73. In relation to the question of what determines intelligence, most psychologists agree that:
Name: Class: Date:
a. intelligence is primarily inherited.

b. intelligence is primarily determined by the environment.
c. both heredity and environment are important in determining intelligence.
d. intelligence is determined by a single pair of genes.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Heredity
74. A(n) __________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
a. chronological age
b. mental set
c. mental age
d. intelligence quotient
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
75. Stacey, a kindergarten teacher, is teaching her students about mammals. She tells the students that fishes
and birds are not mammals. In this scenario, Stacey is using _________ of the mammal concept.
a. hypomorphs
b. positive instances
c. hypermorphs
d. negative instances
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

76. In the context of problem solving, _________ involves handling one element of the problem at a time.
a. serial processing
b. overextension
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
77. In the context of language development, which of the following statements is true of learning theory?
a. Learning theory accounts for the unchanging sequence of language development.
b. Learning theorists see language as developing according to laws of learning.
c. Modeling explains all the events in language learning.
d. Children learn language solely through observation.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
78. Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech?

a. It involves the utterance of four- and five-word sentences.
b. It occurs when a child is between two and four months old.
c. It is a form of prelinguistic vocalization.
d. It is brief but grammatically correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
79. __________are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or
qualities that have common properties.
a. Concepts
b. Anagrams
c. Algorithms
d. Heuristics
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
80. The ________ is the view that language structures the way we view the world.
a. nativist theory of language development
b. empiricist theory of language acquisition
c. observer-expectancy effect
d. linguistic-relativity hypothesis
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
81. Which of the following statements is true of language?

a. Humans are known to have no semanticity or displacement in their language.
b. Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another.
c. With language, sounds or signs are not symbols for objects and actions.
d. Language takes away all the units of thinking.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

TOPICS: Language
82. _________ believed that general intelligence was responsible for overall performance on mental ability
tests.
a. Charles Spearman
b. Louis Thurstone
c. Robert Sternberg
d. Howard Gardner
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
83. Which of the following statements is true of problem solving?

a. Heuristics guarantee a correct solution.
b. Algorithms invariably lead to solutions if they are used properly.
c. Algorithms permit more rapid solutions than heuristics.
d. Heuristics require more scientific knowledge than algorithms.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
84. _________ is essentially the same as the saying, “If it isn’t broken, don’t fix it.”
a. Functional fixedness
b. Mental set
c. Cognitive map
d. Confirmation bias
ANSWER: b

Name: Class: Date:
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
85. In the context of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS), which of the following statements is true of
intelligence quotient (IQ)?
a. It is independent of a child's mental age and chronological age.
b. It reflects the relationship between a child's mental age and his or her actual age.
c. It proves that the same mental age score has the same implication for children of different ages.
d. It is the same for two children of different ages who answer exactly the same items on an
intelligence test correctly.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
86. Cooper’s fear of flying may, in part, stem from the ___________.
a. representativeness heuristic
b. availability heuristic
c. framing effect
d. adjustment heuristic
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
87. Vinvac Inc. was established three years ago. Kevin and Raj, co-owners of Vinvac Inc., had set a five-year
goal for the company when they established it. Presently, they are assessing the difference between the
company's current situation and the goals they had set so that they can work toward minimizing the difference.
Name: Class: Date:

In this scenario, Kevin and Raj are using a technique called _________.
a. overextension
b. overregularization
c. means-end analysis
d. lexical analysis
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
88. A(n) _____ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.
a. prototype
b. algorithm
c. language
d. exemplar
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Language
KEYWORDS: Remember
89. Dana has the ability to easily cope with unexpected and challenging situations. She generates solutions to
problems by relating unexpected situations to familiar situations. In this scenario, Dana is exhibiting ________.
a. practical intelligence
b. spatial intelligence
c. creative intelligence
d. naturalist intelligence
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
90. What is the name of the concept that infants are born with the innate ability to learn language?
a. Chomsky's hypothesis
b. Holophrases
c. Language Acquisition Device
d. Language Parameter Device
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
91. In language development, over-inclusion of instances in a category is labeled _________.

a. overregularization
b. overanalyzing
c. overarching
d. overextension
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
92. Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles
Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of _________.
a. general intelligence
b. naturalist intelligence
c. spatial intelligence
d. existential intelligence
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

93. In the context of the theories of intelligence, which of the following statements is true of creative people?
a. They accept their limitations.
b. They appreciate art and music.
c. They adhere to social norms and take popular stands.
d. They use convergent thinking to solve problems.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
94. The anchoring and adjustment heuristic is a decision-making heuristic in which:

a. a presumption or first estimate serves as a cognitive bias.
b. our estimates of frequency or probability are based on how easy it is to find examples of relevant
events.
c. our estimates about events are based on the populations of events that they appear to represent.
d. a decision is based solely on the most recently available evidence.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
95. _________ is defined by the ability to cope with novel situations and generate many possible solutions to
problems.
a. Practical intelligence
b. Creative intelligence
c. Spatial intelligence
d. Naturalist intelligence
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

KEYWORDS: Remember
96. Identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence.

a. Intelligence quotient scores are independent of the styles of parenting.
b. Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to academic achievement.
c. Children of parents who encourage dependence and are verbally unresponsive obtain higher
intelligence quotient scores.
d. The home environment is a predictor of scores on intelligence quotient tests only among children
over nine years old.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Emotion theories
97. A(n) _________ is a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly
applied.
a. prototype
b. algorithm
c. hypothesis
d. exemplar
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
98. According to Louis Thurstone, __________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.
a. primary mental abilities
Name: Class: Date:
b. representativeness heuristics
c. availability heuristics
d. ordinal-level variables
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
99. Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?

a. We tend to be aware of how flimsy our assumptions may be.
b. We tend to focus on examples that do not confirm our judgments.
c. We remember information that runs counter to our judgments.
d. We work to bring about the events we believe in.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
100. In the context of problem solving, ________ involves dealing simultaneously with two or more elements of
the problems.
a. serial processing
b. overextension
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
Name: Class: Date:
101. During a math test, Jacob is given the lengths of two sides of a right triangle and is asked to find the length
of its third side. He uses the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the length. In this scenario, Jacob has used
a(n) _____ to calculate the length of the third side of the right triangle.
a. prototype
b. hypothesis
c. algorithm
d. exemplar
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
102. Chelsea sells used cars and she has noticed over the years that when you initially quote a high price for a
car people tend to not have a drastically different counteroffer. This is an example of:
a. an anchoring and adjustment heuristic.
b. cognitive dissonance.
c. a framing effect.
d. functional fixedness.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
103. Children's __________ become refined after they are shown positive and negative instances and given
explanations.
a. orienting reflexes
b. cognitive maps
c. prototypes
d. instincts
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

KEYWORDS: Remember
104. According to Noam Chomsky, __________ is an underlying set of rules for turning ideas into sentences.
a. infant-directed speech
b. telegraphic speech
c. a holophrase
d. a universal grammar
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
KEYWORDS: Remember
105. Leila’s young son has accidentally locked himself in his room. Leila is trying to figure out how to unlock the
door. Unfortunately, she doesn’t realize that her butter knife could be used to unlock the door. This illustrates
___________.
a. parallel processing
b. operant conditioning
c. functional fixedness
d. cognitive dissonance
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
106. The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making is known as
_________.
a. overregularization
b. the framing effect
c. overextension
d. the Flynn effect
Name: Class: Date:
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
KEYWORDS: Remember
107. Which of the following statements is true of thinking?

a. It is an unplanned process.
b. It proceeds on its own.
c. It is represented by mental processes such as daydreaming.
d. It involves paying attention to information.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
108. Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

a. Babbling is not inborn.
b. Deaf children cannot babble.
c. During the second month, babies begin babbling.
d. Babbling is prelinguistic.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
explosion.”
109. Dave could not remember the last digit of his friend's cell phone number, so he kept trying different digits
until he found the right one. In this scenario, which of the following methods did Dave use?
a. The systematic random search algorithm.

Name: Class: Date:
b. Cannon's algorithm.
c. Dijkstra's algorithm.
d. The minimum degree algorithm.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Thought
110. __________is the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to,
or explained by, genetic factors.
a. Heritability
b. Semanticity
c. Regularization
d. Cognition
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
TOPICS: Heredity
Nature vs. nurture
KEYWORDS: Remember
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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

2. According to psycholinguistic theory, environmental influences do not affect language acquisition.

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

5. Overregularization reflects faulty language development.

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

REFERENCES: Nature and Nurture in Intelligence

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

QUESTION TYPE: True / False

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

HAS VARIABLES: False

14. Telegraphic speech is brief and grammatically incorrect.

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

19. In language development, over-inclusion of instances in a category is labeled overregularization.

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

23. Which of the following statements is true of prelinguistic vocalizations?

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

d. Unlike crying, babbling and cooing are prelinguistic.

26. Which of the following statements is true of communication by nonhumans?

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

a. Spontaneous language development does not occur in nonhumans.

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

31. Which best characterizes Howard Gardner’s view of intelligence?

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

HAS VARIABLES: False

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

36. Identify a true statement about heuristics:

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

42. Which of the following statements is true of concepts?

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

problem solving and decision making.

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

REFERENCES: Nature and Nurture in Intelligence

47. According to psycholinguistic theory, ___________.

48. Identify a true statement about problem solving.

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

49. Which of the following is a prototype of the category mammal?

51. To explore the role of genetics on intelligence, psychologists utilize __________.

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

a. only animal studies

53. Which of Sternberg’s types of intelligence could be referred to as “street smarts”?

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

TOPICS: Intelligence development theories

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

b. the empiricist theory of language acquisition

Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

63. Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis.

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Chapter 07: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

problem solving and decision making.

65. A lawyer most likely has __________.