Test Bank for Contemporary Nursing 7th Edition by Cherry

Test Bank for Contemporary Nursing 7th Edition by

Cherry

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Chapter 06: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
Cherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7th
Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Institutional review boards determine whether research studies involving human subjects will:
a. be published.
b. add to the body of nursing knowledge.
c. cause harm.
d. receive funding.
ANS: C
The institutional review board (also called the human subjects committee) examines research
proposals to ensure that the ethical rights of those individuals participating in the research
study are protected. This board makes sure that persons who participate in research are
assured that their right to privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment, and freedom from harm is
protected.

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 102

2. A nurse is interested in understanding the meaning of the human experience of surviving

polio. Subject recruitment targets persons who have been diagnosed with the disease. The
researcher reflects on the data and identifies common themes in order to understand the “lived
experience.” These characteristics are consistent with the qualitative research method known
as:
a. grounded theory.
b. ethnography.
c. phenomenology.
d. case study.
ANS: C
Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to
describe the lived experiences of study participants.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89 | p. 95, Table 6-2

3. The use of research to guide nursing practice is called:

a. utilization.
b. dissemination.
c. generalizability.
d. analysis.
ANS: A
Utilization of research guides nursing practice. Clinical agencies need to make a commitment
to implementing research findings and then developing policies and procedures to guide the
implementation process.

DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 95-96

4. A public health nurse is interested in determining which educational programs are needed in
the aggregates served. The researcher personally interviews individuals who are walking on
the streets in the community. This type of research design is:
a. quasi-experimental.
b. survey.
c. case study.
d. ethnography.
ANS: B
Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding
the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants.

DIF: Application REF: p. 94, Table 6-1

5. Which organization provides federal funding for research?

a. National Institute of Nursing Research
b. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
c. W. K. Kellogg Foundation
d. Sigma Theta Tau International
ANS: A
The National Institute of Nursing Research is a federal agency that provides federal funding
for health care research.

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 92

6. Which type of data analysis results in the non-numerical organization of data?

a. Descriptive
b. Inferential
c. Qualitative
d. Quantitative
ANS: C
Qualitative data analysis results in the organization of words or phrases, not numbers.
Interviews are reviewed and are transcribed line by line in an effort to group common
conceptual meanings.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 95

7. A nurse researcher who is seeking funding for a study should identify _____ of funding
agencies.
a. board members
b. priorities
c. budgets
d. accreditation
ANS: B
The priorities of funding agencies indicate their preferences for funding; these are more likely
to be funded than are studies that are not aligned with funding preferences.

DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 91-92

 8. A nurse studied a community to determine if there were clients who would benefit from a
hospice program if one were developed. This type of research is:
a. a survey.
b. quasi-experimental.
c. a needs assessment method.
d. a pilot study.
ANS: C
A needs assessment method is a study in which the researcher collects data for the purpose of
estimating the needs of a group; the method is commonly used to prioritize the needs of an
organization or community.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 94, Table 6-1

9. The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does
acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n)
_________ design.
a. experimental
b. quasi-experimental
c. survey
d. meta-analysis
ANS: B
In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or
more variables is missing.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 94, Table 6-1

10. A qualitative researcher reviews data collected with a grief support group to develop a theory
of how widows and widowers mourn. The researcher is using which qualitative research
design?
a. Phenomenology
b. Grounded theory
c. Case study
d. Hypothesis generation
ANS: B
Grounded theory is a qualitative research approach that describes a social process and has
theory generation as its main purpose.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 95, Table 6-2

11. Which statement about qualitative research is correct?

a. Qualitative research requires less time than quantitative research because complex
statistical analysis is not necessary.
b. To be statistically significant, qualitative studies must consist of large, randomly
selected sample sizes.
c. Because qualitative studies deal with human concepts such as suffering and quality
of life, results can be generalized.
d. Interviews are the primary means of collecting data that enable the researcher to
describe unclear phenomena.
 ANS: D
Qualitative research involves ambiguous concepts. Analysis of interviews with participants
who are experiencing the phenomena enables the researcher to describe unclear phenomena.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 95

12. A nurse interested in life satisfaction among patients receiving hemodialysis reviews
databases and identifies relevant studies which are then statistically analyzed providing
generalization through multiple studies. The nurse researcher is using which type of research?
a. Quasi-experimental
b. Secondary analysis
c. Meta-analysis
d. Survey
ANS: C
Meta-analysis uses the analysis of several research studies to validate smaller studies,
allowing generalization.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 94, Table 6-1

13. A new nurse researcher is interested in tracing the history of nursing research. The researcher
learns that nursing research began with:
a. the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War.
b. studies between 1900 and 1940 following Nightingale’s work.
c. studies to improve patient care by doctorally prepared nurses.
d. studies based on the naturalistic paradigm.
ANS: A
Nursing research began with the Nightingale during the Crimean War—more can be read in
Chapter 1 of this text.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 91

14. Nurses on a busy medical schedule want to reduce documentation time and improve order
entry. Additionally, patient records from previous visits are often incomplete or do not include
care from other providers. To improve patient care, a taskforce suggests using an Electronic
Medical Record for 1 month to determine whether this provides the desired outcomes. This
unit is participating in which type of study?
a. Ethnography
b. Pilot
c. Secondary data analysis
d. Phenomenology
ANS: B
Pilot studies are small-scale studies often referred to as feasibility studies to determine if a
larger more sophisticated research study is needed.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89 |p. 95

15. A researcher is interested in learning if elderly persons perceive their health to be satisfactory
even with comorbidities and chronic illness. A large multisite assistive living facility will be
the site. The researcher lists residents in alphabetical order and chooses every third person on
the list. To ensure improved generalizability, the researcher is using:
a. triangulation.
b. randomization.
c. informed consent.
d. a meta-analysis approach.
ANS: B
Randomization is a method of choosing subjects based on chance alone.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89

16. A researcher conducts a survey to determine the perceived health status of elderly persons
living independently at home. The same subjects participate in a telephone call in which they
describe the lived experience of living with chronic illness. When writing up the research
study, the nurse would describe using:
a. a control group.
b. triangulation.
c. a pilot study.
d. secondary data analysis.
ANS: B
Triangulation is the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept—in this
situation, quantitative research through survey and qualitative research through
phenomenology.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89|p. 95

17. A nurse is interested in learning how reminiscence therapy can improve memory in
cognitively intact persons over the age of 65 years. Findings from three groups are compared.
Group 1 receives music therapy, Group 2 receives life review therapy, and Group 3 does not
receive therapy, but data are collected from all three groups and compared. Group 3 is known
as the:
a. pilot study.
b. survey.
c. needs assessment.
d. control group.
ANS: D
A control group is a set subject in an experiment who do not receive the experimental
treatment and whose performance provides a baseline against which the effects of the
treatment can be measured.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89

 18. A nurse is reading an abstract about a study related to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The
purpose is stated as follows: “To examine the generalizability of two randomized
placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever to determine
whether steroid therapy resulted in the positive outcomes.” The nurse knows generalizability
refers to the:
a. conclusion that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire
population.
b. fact that the group of steroids used are from the same organic compounds.
c. possibility that the subjects were carefully selected and that outside influence is
thus suspected.
d. fact that the type of bacteria carried by ticks is universal.
ANS: A
Generalizability is the deduction that findings from one study can be applied to other
populations not involved in the actual research.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89

19. A nurse is interested in studying the rituals of a tribe living in remote areas of Africa. The
researcher is accepted into the tribe and observes firsthand the rituals practiced. Themes were
analyzed to arrive at a description of the culture including rituals. The nurse is practicing
which type of research?
a. Qualitative, Ethnography
b. Qualitative, Phenomenology
c. Quantitative, Quasi-experimental
d. Quantitative, Secondary data analysis
ANS: A
Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. Ethnographers
spend time in the cultural setting with the research participants to observe and better
understand their experience.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 89 |p. 95, Table 6-2

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. The informed consent documents must include: (select all that apply)
a. an explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study.
b. medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the
study.
c. a statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected.
d. explanation of the cost of the study.
e. details on how to contact the investigator.
ANS: A, C, E
Informed consent explains the study to the participants and assures them of their rights,
including their right to refuse to participate or to withdraw from the study. The informed
consent must include protection of anonymity and confidentiality, voluntary participation,
compensation, and alternative treatment. The informed consent must include specific
information on how to contact the investigator.
Test Bank for Contemporary Nursing 7th Edition by Cherry

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 102

2. A researcher is interested in quality of life and after an extensive literature review

quantitatively integrates data from identified studies and describes the findings. This
researcher is using which approach? (select all that apply)
a. Survey
b. Triangulation
c. Meta-analysis
d. State of the science summary
e. Quasi-experimental design
ANS: C, D
Meta-analysis is an advanced process whereby multiple research studies on a specific topic
are reviewed, and the findings of these multiple studies are statistically analyzed. State of the
science summary is a merging of findings from several studies that explored the same topic.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 94, Table 6-1

3. A researcher seeks funding from an agency that limits studies to quantitative research. The
researcher can select from which of the following study designs? (select all that apply)
a. Survey
b. Grounded theory
c. Phenomenology
d. Needs assessment
e. Experimental
ANS: A, D, E
Surveys collect demographics, social characteristics, behavioral patterns, and information
bases. Needs assessments are used to determine what is most beneficial to aggregates. The
experimental method establishes cause-and-effect relationships while also testing
relationships.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 61, Table 6-1

COMPLETION

1. Development and validation of the body of knowledge and foundation on which practice is
based is called ____________.

ANS:
research

Research refines and enhances new and existing knowledge and provides accountability for
nursing practice.

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 90

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