Test Bank for Corrections in the 21st Century 7th Edition

Test Bank for Corrections in the 21st Century 7th

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

Chapter 07
Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The _____ advocated a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the body
to reforming the mind and soul.
A. Baptists
B. Catholics
C. Puritans
D. Quakers

2. Which of the following statements is true of a penitentiary?

A. It is used to house petty criminal offenders.
B. It was designed for dormitory housing.
C. It was designed for solitary confinement.
D. It is a characteristic of the Auburn prison system.

3. The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving solitary confinement in silence
instead of corporal punishment is called the _____ system.
A. Pennsylvania
B. Auburn
C. convict lease
D. state use

4. The _____ system called for silence, but allowed inmates to work together in groups.
A. Pennsylvania
B. Auburn
C. contract
D. open

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

5. The _____ system was, initially, congregate by day and isolated at night.
A. Pennsylvania
B. Auburn
C. convict lease
D. public works

6. The _____ system of isolation and silence became popular in Europe.

A. Pennsylvania
B. Auburn
C. Puritan
D. New York

7. The Auburn system was also known as the _____ system.

A. contract
B. separate
C. classification
D. congregate

8. The _____ era witnessed the demise of the Pennsylvania prison system, and the building of
thirty state prisons on the Auburn pattern.
A. penitentiary
B. mass prison
C. punitive
D. treatment

9. The Auburn-system prisons of Sing Sing, San Quentin, and Joliet were built during the
_____ era.
A. industrial
B. punitive
C. mass prison
D. reformatory

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

10. The _____ era was influenced by progressive beliefs that education and science were
vehicles for controlling crime.
A. penitentiary
B. mass prison
C. reformatory
D. industrial

11. The first reformatory for young men opened at _____.

A. Cincinnati, Ohio
B. Elmira, New York
C. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
D. Boston, Massachusetts

12. The earliest form of prison industry in which the warden was responsible for purchasing
materials and equipment; and for overseeing the manufacture, marketing, and sale of prison-
made items is called a _____ system.
A. public accounts
B. contract
C. convict lease
D. state use

13. A system of prison industry, in which the prison advertised for bids for the employment of
prisoners whose labor was sold to the highest bidder is called a _____ system.
A. public accounts
B. contract
C. convict lease
D. state use

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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

14. The convict lease, state use, and public works systems developed during the _____ era of
prisons.
A. penitentiary
B. mass prison
C. reformatory
D. industrial

15. A system of prison industry in which a prison temporarily relinquishes supervision of its
prisoners to a private contractor is called a _____ system.
A. public accounts
B. contract
C. convict lease
D. state use

16. A system of prison industry in which prisoners were employed in the construction of
public buildings, roads, and parks is called a _____ system.
A. public accounts
B. contract
C. convict lease
D. public works

17. A system of prison industry that employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by
state governments and their institutions is called a _____ system.
A. public accounts
B. contract
C. convict lease
D. state use

18. The _____ Act banned the interstate shipment of prison-made goods.
A. Hawes-Cooper
B. Ashurst-Sumners
C. Fair Labor
D. Prison Industries

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

19. Which of the following Acts mandated the labeling of prison made goods?
A. The Hawes-Cooper Act
B. The Ashurst-Sumners Act
C. The Fair Labor Act
D. The Prison Industries Act

20. The federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) was established during the _____ era.
A. mass prison
B. warehousing
C. industrial
D. just deserts

21. During the _____ era, criminal behavior was regarded as a disease to be treated using the
medical model.
A. reformatory
B. just deserts
C. community-based
D. treatment

22. A philosophy of prisoner reform in which criminal behavior is regarded as a disease to be

treated with appropriate therapy is called the _____ model.
A. biopsychosocial
B. biomedical
C. medical
D. trauma

23. During the _____ era, indeterminate sentencing was replaced by determinate sentencing in
all states.
A. treatment
B. community-based
C. warehousing
D. just deserts

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

24. In the _____ era, offenders are punished because they deserve it.
A. just-deserts
B. community-based
C. warehousing
D. rehabilitative

25. The _____ era separates treatment from punishment. It is not concerned with inmate
rehabilitation, treatment, or reform.
A. penitentiary
B. reformatory
C. community-based
D. just deserts

26. The process of subdividing the inmate population into meaningful categories to match
offender needs with correctional resources is called _____.
A. programming
B. justice reinvestment
C. rehabilitation
D. classification

27. External classification determines:

A. the length of an offender's sentence.
B. when an offender will be eligible for parole.
C. an inmate's security level.
D. an inmate's assignment to housing units or cellblocks.

28. The review of an inmate's background, assignment to housing units or cellblocks,

evaluation of work and programming is called _____.
A. external classification
B. internal classification
C. operational capacity
D. justice reinvestment

7-6
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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

29. A method of controlling prisoners in self-contained living areas and making inmates and
staff accessible to each other is known as a _____ system.
A. state use
B. grading
C. unit management
D. convict lease

30. A federal paid inmate work program and self-supporting corporation is called the _____.
A. Federal Prison Industries
B. Federal Prison Jobs Program
C. Federal Prisoner Employment Program
D. Federal Work Program

31. President _____ signed the law that authorized the establishment of Federal Prison
Industries (FPI).
A. Lyndon Johnson
B. Ronald Reagan
C. Franklin Roosevelt
D. Richard Nixon

32. The U.S. Supreme Court, in the _____ case, ruled that inmates do not have unqualified
access to health care.
A. Morrissey v. Brewer
B. Estelle v. Gamble
C. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D. Gideon v. Wainwright

33. The requirement that prison conditions, including the delivery of health care, must be a
step below those of the working class and people on welfare is known as the _____.
A. medical model
B. principle of least eligibility
C. open institution
D. unit management system

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

34. The number of inmates that a facility's staff, existing programs, and services can
accommodate is called _____.
A. design capacity
B. operational capacity
C. legal capacity
D. architectural design

35. The number of inmates that planners or architects intend for a prison facility is called
_____.
A. design capacity
B. operational capacity
C. legal capacity
D. architectural design

36. The majority of inmates in the Federal Bureau of Prisons have been convicted of _____.
A. murder
B. terrorism
C. drug offenses
D. sexual harassment

37. More than a quarter of the federal prison population are:

A. citizens imprisoned for serious criminal offenses.
B. noncitizens imprisoned for drug offenses.
C. citizens imprisoned for drug offenses.
D. noncitizens imprisoned for immigration crimes.

38. Which of the following is a similarity between a medium-security prison and a minimum-
security prison?
A. Both have barred cells.
B. Both have low staff-to-inmate ratio.
C. Both pay $34,000 annually to incarcerate one inmate.
D. Both have no surrounding fences or walls.

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

39. A _____ prison allows considerable freedom of movement, may have dormitory housing,
and the staff-to-inmate ratio is relatively low.
A. minimum-security
B. medium-security
C. maximum-security
D. zero-security

40. A minimum-security facility that has no fences or walls surrounding it is known as a(n)
_____.
A. open institution
B. house arrest
C. penitentiary
D. federal prison

True / False Questions

41. The Quakers were deeply involved with the beginnings of the penitentiary system in
Pennsylvania.
TRUE

42. The Auburn prison system was also known as the separate system.
FALSE

43. In the Auburn prison system, inmates were allowed to communicate with each other at
night, but had to work in isolation and silence during the day.
FALSE

44. Internal classification is also known as interinstitutional placement.

FALSE

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

45. The reclassification process parallels the initial classification process.

TRUE

46. The Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution is known for introducing a clothing line
called Prison Blues®.
TRUE

47. President John F. Kennedy signed the law that authorized the establishment of Federal
Prison Industries.
FALSE

48. The Federal Prison Industries is also known by its trade name, UNICOR.
TRUE

49. The majority of prisoners cannot read or write well enough to function in society.
TRUE

50. Prison inmates realize the importance of gaining an education although many have a
history of educational failure.
FALSE

51. Extending benefits to ex-offenders is the most popular aspect of the American
Correctional Association.
FALSE

52. The administration of state prisons is a function of the judicial branch of government.
FALSE

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Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

53. The state with the lowest operating costs per inmate is Connecticut.
FALSE

54. The state with the highest operating costs per inmate is New York.
TRUE

55. A prison designed, organized, and staffed to confine the most dangerous offenders for
long periods is called a maximum security prison.
TRUE

Fill in the Blank Questions

56. The _____ advocated a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the
body, to reforming the mind and soul.
Quakers

57. The _____ system was designed for solitary confinement and labor with instructions in
labor, morals, and religion.
Pennsylvania

58. The _____ system of isolation and silence became popular in Europe.
Pennsylvania

59. The congregate system was also known as the _____ system.
Auburn

7-11
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

60. The first era in prison history was the _____ era.
penitentiary

61. The _____ era was influenced by progressive beliefs that education and science were
vehicles for controlling crime.
reformatory

62. The first reformatory for young men opened at _____ in 1876.
Elmira

63. During the _____ era, prisons progressed to convict lease, state use, and public works
systems.
industrial

64. A system of prison industry that employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by
state governments and their agencies, departments, and institutions is called a _____.
state use system

65. A system of prison industry in which prisoners were employed in the construction of
public buildings, roads, and parks was called the _____.
public works system

66. The _____ Act mandated the labeling of prison made goods.
Ashurst-Sumners

7-12
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

67. A philosophy of prisoner reform in which criminal behavior is regarded as a disease to be

treated with appropriate therapy is called the _____ model.
medical

68. Under the philosophy of _____, offenders are punished because they deserve it.
just deserts

69. _____ has the highest incarceration rate compared to any country in the world.
The United States

70. Interinstitutional placement of an inmate that determines an inmate's security level is

called _____.
external classification

71. The review of an inmate's background; assignment to housing units or cellblocks;

evaluation of work and programming based on the inmate's risk, needs, and time to serve is
called _____.
internal classification

72. _____ is based on the idea that cooperation is most likely in small groups that have
lengthy interactions.
Unit management

73. A federal paid inmate work program and self-supporting corporation is called the _____.
Federal Prison Industries

7-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Test Bank for Corrections in the 21st Century 7th Edition

Chapter 07 - Prisons Today: Change Stations or Warehouses?

74. In the _____ case, the Supreme Court ruled that inmates do not have unqualified access to
health care.
Estelle v. Gamble

75. The requirement that prison conditions, including the delivery of health care, must be a
step below those of the working class and people on welfare is known as the _____.
principle of least eligibility

76. The number of inmates that a facility's staff, existing programs, and services can
accommodate is called its _____.
operational capacity

77. The number of inmates that planners or architects intend for a prison facility is called its
_____.
design capacity

78. The practice of reducing spending on prisons, and investing a portion of the savings into
infrastructure and civic institutions located in high-risk neighborhoods is known as _____.
justice reinvestment

79. Inmates in a _____ prison are considered less dangerous, and may serve short or long
sentences.
medium-security

80. A minimum-security facility that has no fences or walls surrounding it is called an _____.
open institution

7-14
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