Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition Comer Test Bank

Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition

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1. A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an
exaggerated belief in their power describes:
A) mania.
B) dysthymia.
C) depression.
D) cyclothymia.

2. The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar
disorder is:
A) complex, due to conflicting experimental results.
B) broad; a number of different therapies work equally well.
C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.
D) no therapy has been shown to be effective.

3. A friend of yours diagnosed with unipolar depression says, "This can't be that bad.
Maybe my creativity will increase." Which might be your BEST reply?
A) "You should get some therapy; there's nothing positive about depression."
B) "You should get some therapy; only about half of people with depression get more
creative."
C) "Think about getting some therapy; becoming more creative might not be worth it."
D) "Don't worry; almost all people with depression recover and retain the creativity
gains."

4. What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States?
A) 1-5 percent
B) 5-10 percent
C) 8-15 percent
D) 20-23 percent

5. Which is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?

A) A patient is taking a mood stabilizer along with an SSRI.
B) The child of someone with unipolar depression is given a vaccine against
depression (if such a vaccine existed).
C) Both members of a couple are being treated for depression.
D) A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her
family.

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 6. In the United States, the prevalence of unipolar depression in boys is:
A) the same as it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is the same as it is for
women.
B) lower than it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women.
C) the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women.
D) lower than it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women.

7. Which would be an emotional symptom of depression?

A) lack of desire to eat
B) a negative view of oneself
C) experiences of sadness and anger
D) staying in bed for hours during the day

8. The experience of constant weeping would be considered a(n) _____ symptom of

depression.
A) cognitive
B) emotional
C) behavioral
D) motivational

9. Which is a motivational symptom of depression?

A) lack of desire to eat
B) a negative view of oneself
C) experiences of sadness and anger
D) excessive sleep throughout the day

10. A man diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibited his first diagnosable
symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those experiencing major depressive
disorder, his case is:
A) common: most people with this diagnosis are men in their early to mid-40s.
B) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their early to mid-40s.
C) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid- to late 20s.
D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid- to late
20s.

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11. The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would
be considered a(n) _____ symptom
A) cognitive
B) emotional
C) behavioral
D) motivational

12. A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth
is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
A) emotional symptoms.
B) motivational symptoms.
C) behavioral symptoms.
D) cognitive symptoms.

13. Which is a behavioral symptom of depression?

A) lack of desire to eat
B) a negative view of oneself
C) experiences of sadness and anger
D) staying in bed for hours during the day

14. A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve
problems is suffering from _____ symptoms.
A) emotional
B) cognitive
C) motivational
D) behavioral

15. Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are _____
symptoms of depression.
A) physical
B) emotional
C) behavioral
D) motivational

16. Which is a physical symptom of depression?

A) sleeping poorly
B) lack of desire to go to work
C) decreased level of physical activity
D) experiences of sadness and dejection

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17. To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at
least:
A) two weeks.
B) two months.
C) one year.
D) two years.

18. What would be the most appropriate diagnosis for a person who experienced a major
depressive episode, without having any history of mania, and is either immobile or
excessively active?
A) recurrent depression
B) seasonal depression
C) catatonic depression
D) melancholic depression

19. Which is NOT a type of major depressive disorder?

A) catatonic
B) seasonal
C) melancholic
D) posttraumatic

20. To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, an individual must

display:
A) repeated episodes.
B) fluctuation in mood during the year.
C) motor immobility or excessive activity.
D) onset within four weeks of giving birth.

21. Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total
immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him
in getting into bed at night. What type of major depression would he MOST likely be
diagnosed with?
A) seasonal
B) catatonic
C) recurrent
D) melancholic

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22. To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, melancholic, an individual must
display:
A) repeated episodes.
B) fluctuation in mood during the year.
C) motor immobility or excessive activity.
D) almost no emotional response to pleasurable events.

23. All the pleasure has gone out of life for Trevor. Things he used to find fun and exciting
no longer give him any joy. He wakes up early in the morning and has no appetite. This
has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would he
MOST likely be diagnosed?
A) seasonal
B) catatonic
C) recurrent
D) melancholic

24. To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic syndrome, an individual must have experienced

symptoms for at least:
A) two weeks.
B) two months.
C) one year.
D) two years.

25. This disorder may be categorized as seasonal if it changes with the seasons.
A) persistent depressive disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

26. Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to go
to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted for three weeks, and she has
experienced similar episodes in the past. What type of major depression would she
MOST likely be diagnosed with?
A) seasonal
B) catatonic
C) persistent
D) melancholic

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27. Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness
that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before,
and this has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would
she MOST likely be diagnosed?
A) seasonal
B) catatonic
C) postpartum
D) melancholic

28. A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness, and sleep
disturbance. These symptoms began a week after she gave birth and have lasted more
than six months. The woman is experiencing:
A) peripartum "baby blues."
B) postpartum psychosis.
C) peripartum hormone dysregulation syndrome.
D) postpartum depression.

29. A woman who has just given birth is anxious, has trouble sleeping, and feels sad. These
symptoms diminish in the next couple of weeks. What she has experienced is most
likely:
A) the "baby blues," something experienced by less than half of new mothers.
B) the "baby blues," something experienced by more than half of new mothers.
C) postpartum depression, something experienced by more than half of new mothers.
D) postpartum depression, something experienced by less than half of new mothers.

30. A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is
most likely to:
A) rarely experience it again in subsequent pregnancies.
B) exhibit symptoms of hypomania in subsequent pregnancies.
C) have up to a 50 percent chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her
next child.
D) have approximately a 90 percent chance of experiencing postpartum depression
with her next child.

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31. Which statement is true for women experiencing postpartum depression regarding
psychotherapy for depression?
A) Most women stop having depressive symptoms within four weeks after the birth of
their child.
B) A psychodynamic approach works particularly well.
C) Many women with postpartum depression find self-help support groups
particularly helpful.
D) They should avoid antidepressant medications. Such medications work well for
unipolar depression but not for postpartum depression.

32. Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three
weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. No
unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the
diagnosis would be:
A) postpartum depression.
B) reactive depression.
C) exogenous depression.
D) endogenous depression.

33. José saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his
neighborhood. A month later he is in a psychologist's office complaining that he cannot
work, sleep, feels hopeless and anhedonic. There are several other symptoms consistent
with these. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be:
A) recurrent depression.
B) reactive depression.
C) endogenous depression.
D) melancholic depression.

34. Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. She is always tired (she does not
sleep), she is losing weight (she eats poorly), she is sad, she feels terrible, and she feels
like it will never get any better. When she responds to questions, it is clear that nothing
in particular has happened. Based on these data, the diagnosis MOST likely would be:
A) manic depression.
B) reactive depression.
C) exogenous depression.
D) endogenous depression.

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35. Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for
unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these
studies?
A) humanist
B) biological
C) behavioral
D) psychodynamic

36. Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic predisposition for
unipolar depression. These studies have found:
A) an overwhelming percentage of cases of depression can be attributed to an allele
variation on a single chromosome.
B) a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients.
C) high rates of unipolar depression among dizygotic twins but not among
monozygotic twins.
D) no compelling evidence for a link between genetics and depression.

37. If a study showed that both monozygotic twins had about a 45 percent chance of having
unipolar depression when one twin had unipolar depression, this would provide:
A) very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.
B) moderate support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.
C) strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.
D) near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.

38. What are the chances that researchers will develop a specific, gene-based explanation
for unipolar depression in the near future?
A) Almost zero—so far, no specific genes have been linked to unipolar depression.
B) Low—so far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have been linked to
unipolar depression.
C) Moderate—researchers have identified at most a half-dozen or so genes linked to
unipolar depression.
D) High—researchers have narrowed their study down to at most three genes linked to
unipolar depression.

39. _____ follows clear-cut stressful events where _____ seems to be a response to internal
factors.
A) Reactive depression; endogenous depression
B) Cyclothymic disorder; reactive depression
C) Postpartum depression; cyclothymic depression
D) Major depressive disorder; persistent depressive disorder

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40. If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research
would lead us to expect to find that person to have:
A) an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and
norepinephrine.
B) especially high levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine and
their metabolites.
C) particularly low levels of the neurotransmitters cortisol and melatonin, as measured
by their metabolites.
D) especially high levels of cortisol and serotonin.

41. If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of cortisol, such a
finding would support the influence of the:
A) behavioral orientation.
B) biochemical orientation.
C) psychodynamic orientation.
D) sociocultural orientation.

42. One problem with analogue studies of depression is that:

A) people from different cultural backgrounds show different symptoms of depression.
B) one cannot be sure that depression-like symptoms in lab animals reflect human
depression.
C) computers are presently unable to simulate depressive symptoms as humans
experience those symptoms.
D) genetic correlational studies don't necessarily demonstrate causal links between
genes and depression.

43. Assume that a new study suggests the corpus callosum may cause unipolar depression
by moving messages too slowly from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. This study
would be:
A) very unusual; previous studies have most strongly connected other brain areas to
depression.
B) one of a kind; previous studies do not connect specific brain areas to depression.
C) unusual; only a few previous studies connect this brain area to depression.
D) expected; many previous studies connect this brain area to depression. This study is
a replication.

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44. A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal
hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is:
A) normal.
B) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal
hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.
C) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a larger-sized hippocampus,
causing it to produce an excess of new neurons.
D) very unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized
hippocampus, causing it to produce a normal number of new neurons.

45. The belief that the prefrontal cortex has a very important part to play in depression is
probably:
A) wrong; current studies focus on the hypothalamus.
B) correct; higher activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression.
C) correct; lower activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression.
D) wrong; current studies focus on the corpus callosum.

46. Recent research indicates that all of the following brain structures or regions are part of
the brain circuits involved in unipolar depression EXCEPT:
A) Brodmann Area 25.
B) the corpus callosum.
C) the hippocampus.
D) the amygdala.

47. Which statement accurately reflects current research findings?

A) Dysregulated immune systems produce stress, which may then produce unipolar
depression.
B) Unipolar depression produces stress, which produces dysregulated immune
systems.
C) Unipolar depression and stress both produce dysregulated immune systems.
D) Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar
depression.

48. According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:

A) learned helplessness.
B) irrational expectations.
C) regression to the oral stage.
D) learned anxiety turned inward.

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49. The clinician who would be MOST likely to say to an adult client, "Tell me about how
your parents cared for and protected you when you were a young child," is a:
A) psychodynamic clinician.
B) behavioral clinician.
C) cognitive clinician.
D) sociocultural clinician.

50. The clinician who would be MOST likely to say to an adult client, "Tell me about any
early losses you experienced," is a:
A) psychodynamic clinician.
B) behavioral clinician.
C) cognitive clinician.
D) sociocultural clinician.

51. In general, object relations theorists follow which theoretical perspective?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) existential
D) psychodynamic

52. The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone.
This therapeutic addition is called:
A) conjoint ego analysis.
B) sociodynamic training.
C) adjunctive psychotherapy.
D) chemo-behavioral treatment.

53. Studies show that less than 10 percent of individuals who experience major losses
become depressed. This finding provides what level of support for a psychodynamic
explanation of depression?
A) Almost none—about 10 percent of adults in the United States experience some
level of clinical depression each year.
B) Some—about 5 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of
clinical depression each year.
C) Strong—about 2 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of
clinical depression each year.
D) Very strong—only about 1 percent of adults in the United States experience some
level of clinical depression each year.

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54. An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems. Consequently, the
person loses contact with old friends and becomes unpleasant to be around. A
behaviorist would explain the resulting depression in terms of:
A) learned helplessness.
B) object relations loss.
C) sociocultural changes.
D) loss of positive social rewards.

55. Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:

A) depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.
B) depressed people aren't responsive to normal social rewards.
C) depressed family members give inaccurate self-reports.
D) depressed mood cannot be alleviated by positive experiences.

56. Françoise is depressed. Her therapist asks her about her daily experiences, focusing on
how often people say nice things to her. Her therapist MOST likely has a:
A) cognitive orientation.
B) biological orientation.
C) behavioral orientation.
D) biochemical orientation.

57. Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant
relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness?
A) behavioral
B) biochemical
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

58. The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to ask "What are some things you
enjoy doing, and how often do you do them?" would be a:
A) psychodynamic clinician.
B) behavioral clinician.
C) cognitive clinician.
D) sociocultural clinician.

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59. A decrease in social rewards, especially a decrease in social support such as that found
in a happy marriage, may precede the onset of depression, providing evidence for which
theoretical perspectives?
A) psychodynamic and cognitive
B) cognitive and behavioral
C) behavioral and sociocultural
D) sociocultural and biological

60. A recently divorced individual who swears off dating for fear of experiencing another
failed relationship has an increased risk of developing a depressive disorder, providing
direct support for which theoretical explanations of depression?
A) psychodynamic and cognitive
B) cognitive and behavioral
C) behavioral and sociocultural
D) sociocultural and biological

61. Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

A) negative interpretation of events.
B) symbolic losses.
C) decrease in positive activities.
D) ethnic background.

62. Which would provide the BEST evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression?
A) a finding that people show negative thoughts before they become depressed
B) a finding that people show negative thoughts only after they become depressed
C) a finding that biochemical imbalances lead to both depression and negative
thoughts
D) a finding that social rewards are not related to happiness

63. The individual associated with developing a cognitive theory of depression based on
negative and maladaptive thinking was:
A) Beck.
B) Freud.
C) Seligman.
D) Lewinsohn.

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64. A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she
performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor
mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her
of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation?
A) cognitive
B) biological
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

65. The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a tenure review. At the
conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits hurriedly, without saying a word to the
professor. The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my
class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." This is an example of a(n):
A) overgeneralization.
B) arbitrary inference.
C) selective abstraction.
D) magnification and minimization.

66. Which statement would NOT reflect a part of the cognitive triad?
A) Everyone is out to get me.
B) Life is just too overwhelming.
C) I don't even want to wake up tomorrow.
D) I just can't go on.

67. Which research finding provides the most direct support for Beck's cognitive theory of
depression?
A) Depressed women make even more errors in logic when interpreting a paragraph
than do nondepressed women.
B) Lack of social rewards is related to the downward spiral of depression.
C) Both human infants and infant monkeys show depression-like symptoms when they
are separated from their mothers.
D) Depression is related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.

68. Which theoretical orientation would the research finding that depressed people choose
more pessimistic and self-deprecating statements in a storytelling test support?
A) behavioral
B) biochemical
C) cognitive
D) sociocultural

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69. If I'm in a depressed mood and all I do is think about my mood without trying to change
it, I'm making what kind of response?
A) helplessness
B) hopelessness
C) ruminative
D) perseverative

70. All of Beck's cognitively based explanations for depression have received research
support EXCEPT:
A) the cognitive triad.
B) automatic thoughts.
C) maladaptive attitudes.
D) symbolic loss.

71. What are the two most influential cognitive explanations for unipolar depression?
A) psychodynamic theory and object relations theory
B) object relations theory and theory of negative thinking
C) theory of negative thinking and the theory of learned helplessness
D) theory of learned helplessness and object relations theory

72. Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression
constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it." She is:
A) providing an example of the cognitive triad.
B) making ruminative responses.
C) committing errors in logic.
D) regressing toward the oral stage of development.

73. The person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression is:
A) Beck.
B) Freud.
C) Seligman.
D) Lewinsohn.

74. Martin Seligman has developed a theory based on the idea that depression results from:
A) the loss of a loved one, real or symbolic.
B) negative thinking and maladaptive thoughts.
C) a decrease in the number of positive reinforcements.
D) a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life.

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75. According to Martin Seligman's theory, who would be MOST likely to develop learned
helplessness?
A) someone who had experienced no uncontrollable negative events, then experienced
a controllable negative event
B) someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a
controllable negative event
C) someone who had experienced controllable negative events, and then another
controllable negative event
D) someone who had experienced a random sequence of controllable and
uncontrollable events

76. A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally
taken to a shelter by the police. While there, she did not take advantage of educational
and job training opportunities. How would cognitive theorists explain her behavior?
A) automatic negative thoughts
B) faulty cognitive triad
C) learned helplessness
D) arbitrary attribution

77. Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to
others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior
is:
A) symbolic (imagined) loss.
B) learned helplessness.
C) artifact theory.
D) body dissatisfaction.

78. A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault,
that she ruins everything, and that she always will. The therapist diagnoses her as
suffering from a learned helplessness–induced depression because she attributes
negative events in her life to:
A) internal, global, stable factors.
B) internal, specific, stable factors.
C) internal, global, unstable factors.
D) internal, specific, unstable factors.

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79. Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher. He also
believes that he is good in language-based subjects. Darius is sure that he will do better
in math next year. This is an example of:
A) internal, global, and stable attribution.
B) external, global, and stable attribution.
C) internal, specific, and stable attribution.
D) external, specific, and unstable attribution.

80. "Depressed people show an internal/global/stable pattern of attribution on a

questionnaire." Which theoretical orientation does this research finding support?
A) behavioral
B) sociocultural
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

81. The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask "Do you believe you will always feel
like this in all situations?" is a:
A) psychodynamic clinician.
B) behavioral clinician.
C) cognitive clinician.
D) sociocultural clinician.

82. Someone receiving treatment for depression periodically completes an Attributional

Style Questionnaire, which is designed to measure the therapy's effectiveness. The
theoretical orientation of the therapist is MOST likely:
A) psychodynamic.
B) behavioral.
C) sociocultural.
D) cognitive.

83. One who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles on the
development of depression would MOST likely represent which theoretical orientation?
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

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84. The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about the quality of
mutual support you receive from your marriage," is a:
A) psychodynamic clinician.
B) behavioral clinician.
C) cognitive clinician.
D) sociocultural clinician.

85. In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:
A) divorced people.
B) married people.
C) widowed people.
D) never-married people.

86. After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from depression. MOST
likely:
A) the man's depression led to the divorce.
B) the woman's depression led to the divorce.
C) a troubled marriage led to the depression.
D) the depression developed after the divorce, due to the stress of starting to date
again.

87. Which statement is NOT generally accurate regarding gender and depression?
A) Women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression.
B) Men have less frequent bouts of depression.
C) Women have longer-lasting bouts of depression.
D) Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression.

88. Pierre feels terrible. He is sad, tired, and depressed, but he refuses to seek help for it.
This is consistent with the:
A) hormone theory.
B) artifact theory.
C) quality-of-life theory.
D) social pressure.

89. Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life
situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This is the:
A) self-blame theory.
B) artifact theory.
C) life-stress theory.
D) lack-of-control theory.

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90. If a study demonstrated that depression is caused by concerns about one's weight, that
finding would provide strong evidence:
A) against the hormone explanation.
B) for the hormone explanation.
C) against the body dissatisfaction explanation.
D) for the body dissatisfaction explanation.

91. Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of depression
because it suggests:
A) women and men are equally likely to develop depression.
B) hormone changes mask the development of depression in women.
C) concern about body weight can be both a cause and a result of depression.
D) depression is caused by examining one's feelings too closely.

92. Which statement is accurate regarding current theories on gender differences in relation
to depression?
A) They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research
findings they can't explain.
B) Life stress and body dissatisfaction explanations have substantially better support
than the other explanations.
C) Artifact theory probably will emerge as a dominant explanation.
D) Rumination theory has almost no support and is on the way out.

93. The DSM-5 has added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a diagnosis given to
certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related
symptoms during the week before menstruation. Why has this been an ongoing
controversy?
A) There has not been enough research about the diagnosis.
B) It does not occur often enough to qualify for a diagnosis.
C) The diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome.
D) There are not enough symptoms to qualify for a diagnosis.

94. A woman in a middle-level manager's job is repeatedly not promoted, no matter how
hard she tries, even though she seems as qualified as the men who are promoted. If she
develops depression as a result of her work experiences, the theory that BEST explains
the onset of her depression is:
A) artifact theory.
B) hormone theory.
C) lack-of-control theory.
D) cognitive triad theory.

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95. Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience
more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world?
A) biochemical
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic
D) sociocultural

96. Compared to African Americans, white Americans are:

A) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression and about as likely to have
recurrent episodes.
B) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression and less likely to have
recurrent episodes.
C) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression and about as likely to have
recurrent episodes.
D) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression but less likely to have recurrent
episodes.

97. A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it is like:
A) a roller coaster—up and down, up and down.
B) a meteorite—a sudden burst of energy that is quickly gone.
C) a power plant's output—steady, regular energy being produced.
D) a flash flood—spreading out wherever there is room for it to go.

98. Which is an accurate description of the symptoms of mania?

A) They are highly correlated with positive life events.
B) They are the same as those of depression (e.g., sadness) but accompanied by
aggressiveness.
C) They don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others.
D) They very seldom include physical activity, usually including only mental activity.

99. People experiencing mania:

A) are acutely aware of their domineering, excessive behaviors.
B) want excitement and companionship.
C) enthusiastically long for new friends but ignore old friends.
D) enthusiastically look for old friends but ignore new friends.

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100. People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities
are showing _____ symptoms of mania.
A) behavioral
B) motivational
C) cognitive
D) emotional

101. A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. In addition,
the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and gives away a lot of money to
random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily:
A) emotional and cognitive.
B) physical and cognitive.
C) motivational and behavioral.
D) motivational and emotional.

102. According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic
episode EXCEPT:
A) distractibility.
B) inflated self-esteem.
C) decreased need for sleep.
D) suicidal ideation.

103. The MOST common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the
person is:
A) excessively optimistic, with poor judgment.
B) excessively optimistic, with normal self-esteem.
C) very coherent, with good judgment.
D) very coherent, with abnormally high self-esteem.

104. On an impulse, David decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of
round-the-clock work to get everything ready, and then David welcomes more than 200
guests. When the police stop by because David has blocked a public road to have room
for the party, he flies into a rage. MOST likely, David is experiencing:
A) a manic phase of bipolar II disorder.
B) a manic phase of bipolar I disorder.
C) a manic phase of cyclothymic disorder.
D) hypomania.

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105. Someone who experiences a half-dozen alternations between mild mania and major
depression within a one-year time span would be classified as:
A) bipolar II seasonal.
B) bipolar II rapid cycling.
C) bipolar I mixed episodes.
D) bipolar I.

106. The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is:
A) the number of depressive and manic episodes.
B) the severity of the manic episodes.
C) the number of depressive episodes.
D) the seasonal variation in the episodes.

107. A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class

socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her
characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?
A) her age
B) her ethnicity
C) her gender
D) her socioeconomic background

108. A friend of yours wishes to be a highly creative artist. What is the best advice you could
give your friend regarding mood disorders?
A) "Avoid mood disorders; highly creative people have a lower than average
incidence of them."
B) "Severe mania is related to long periods of high creativity."
C) "If you develop a mood disorder, don't get treated, or you'll lose your creative
spark."
D) "Mild mood disorders are related to greater creativity than severe disorders."

109. A talented artist is experiencing severe bipolar disorder. In terms of artistic output only,
the BEST thing that artist could do is:
A) decline all treatment: severe psychological disturbance is related to better artistic
output.
B) decline all treatment: one might lose one's creativity if there were less
psychological disturbance.
C) seek treatment but only for the depression: mania is essential to better artistic
output.
D) seek treatment: psychological disturbance is not necessary for good artistic output.

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110. Assume you have a friend who is a talented artist and has occasional short-term
hypomania. What is the best thing, in terms of being a creative, productive artist that
your friend could do?
A) Seek immediate, in-depth treatment; hypomania severely limits artists.
B) Do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity and productivity.
C) Try, at least occasionally, to feel mildly depressed; cyclothymic disorder is
characteristic of most great artists.
D) Try, at least occasionally, to feel severely depressed; bipolar II disorder is
characteristic of most great artists.

111. Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as _____ disorder.

A) hypomanic-depressive
B) dysthymic
C) cyclothymic
D) manic-depressive

112. A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but
does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called _____ disorder.
A) dysthymic
B) anhedomic
C) cyclothymic
D) anxiety

113. If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research regarding the causes of bipolar
disorders as we understand them today, you would MOST likely do research on:
A) learned helplessness.
B) the "cognitive triad."
C) parent–child patterns of interaction.
D) neurotransmitters in the brain.

114. Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:
A) neurotransmitter activity.
B) ion activity.
C) hormonal functioning.
D) genetic factors.

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115. Although initially thought to be due to an excessive amount of a particular
neurotransmitter, mania has been found to be due to low levels of which
neurotransmitter?
A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine

116. Abnormal "ion activity" has been found in many people suffering from bipolar disorder.
This ion activity is responsible for transmitting messages:
A) down the length of a neuron.
B) from one neuron to another neuron.
C) from a neuron to a muscle or gland.
D) down the length of a muscle.

117. Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to:

A) GABA depletion.
B) excessive serotonin.
C) improper sodium transport.
D) excessive neuronal lithium.

118. The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which
theoretical perspective?
A) cognitive
B) biological
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

119. Studies reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of individuals with bipolar disorder
provide the strongest support for which cause of bipolar disorder?
A) inappropriate neurotransmitter levels
B) genetic linkage patterns
C) brain structure
D) ion activity at the cellular level

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120. Which risk percentage pattern BEST supports the influence of genetic factors in
explaining bipolar disorder—(1) in the general population, (2) among close relatives of
people with bipolar disorder, and (3) among identical twins of people with bipolar
disorder?
A) 10 percent, 10 percent, 10 percent
B) 40 percent, 10 percent, 1 percent
C) 40 percent, 40 percent, 40 percent
D) 1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent

121. Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible patterns of
inheritance of bipolar disorders. The results suggest that:
A) there does not appear to be a genetic component in the development of bipolar
disorders.
B) there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop
bipolar disorders.
C) the close relatives of people with bipolar disorders have an 80 percent chance of
having one of these disorders.
D) careful studies in other countries suggest that environmental factors are of far
greater importance than genetic factors in the development of bipolar disorders.

122. Which statement is accurate, based on current research?

A) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder both have several important factors.
B) Unipolar depression has one major factor; bipolar disorder has several important
factors.
C) Unipolar depression has several important factors; bipolar disorder has one major
factor.
D) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder have one major factor.

123. A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small
child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions and concludes
that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from
which orientation?
A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

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124. Which is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression?
A) A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.
B) Every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist, the therapist
smiles.
C) The therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of her daily
activities, including those that give her pleasure.
D) The therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about himself.

125. Which statement about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is

accurate?
A) Carefully controlled, multiple-participant studies validate the success of this
therapy.
B) Not even case studies support the effectiveness of this therapy.
C) Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression.
D) Short-term therapy is less effective than long-term therapy.

126. If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations
designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist
would be using:
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) sociocultural therapy.

127. What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression?

A) repression of feelings of inadequacy
B) a biological imbalance in neurotransmitters
C) unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss
D) projection of internal anxiety onto a loved object

128. The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from:
A) work with people who have severe depression.
B) case study reports.
C) large-scale research projects conducted by the APA.
D) situations when the childhood loss is less obvious.

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129. Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all
techniques used primarily by:
A) interpersonal therapists.
B) cognitive therapists.
C) couples therapists.
D) psychodynamic therapists.

130. Which explanation of depression has connected mood to the rewards in a person's life?
A) psychodynamic perspective
B) behaviorism
C) interpersonal psychotherapy
D) socioculturalism

131. If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforce

nondepressive actions, and improve your social skills, your therapist would be using:
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) sociocultural therapy.

132. Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _____ therapy program.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) interpersonal
D) psychoanalytic

133. Behavioral therapy for the treatment of unipolar depression may include:
A) changing irrational thoughts.
B) altering interpersonal deficits.
C) uncovering conflicts over loss.
D) reinforcing nondepressed behavior.

134. Which treatment would a behavioral therapist be MOST likely to use with a patient with
unipolar depression?
A) electroconvulsive treatments
B) praise for engaging in positive activities
C) insight into the underlying problem
D) identification of distorted thinking and negative biases

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135. Which is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation?
A) systematically ignoring the patient's depressive behavior
B) asking patients to say whatever comes into their minds
C) adding positive activities to the patient's life
D) asking family members to help reinforce the patient's positive behavior

136. Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that people with depressions must improve
their social skills because:
A) the performance of socially unacceptable behavior is irrational.
B) it is important to reinforce the client's depressive behavior.
C) people with depression may be experiencing interpersonal role transition.
D) positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

137. A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it
off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's
spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This
is an example of:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) humanistic therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

138. Aaron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every
time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles.
Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation
of:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) psychoanalytic therapy.
D) interpersonal psychotherapy.

139. Focusing on the addition of positive activities to the life of a patient with depression is a
behavioral technique known as:
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
B) acceptance and commitment therapy.
C) behavioral activation.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

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140. Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is
MOST consistent with which statement?
A) Therapy is most effective when techniques are used one at a time, in isolation.
B) Increasing one's positive activities is more effective than just keeping track of
them.
C) Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.
D) Behavior therapists usually reject the addition of cognitive techniques to their
therapy.

141. José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He
should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with
his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely
reflects the _____ orientation.
A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) interpersonal

142. A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once
found pleasurable. These activities are then reintroduced into the patient's daily
schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using?
A) behavioral therapy
B) humanistic therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

143. Which is a correct match of person and approach?

A) Lewinsohn and psychodynamic therapy
B) Beck and cognitive therapy
C) Seligman and behavioral therapy
D) Weissman and learned helplessness

144. If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts
and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using:
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) sociocultural therapy.

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145. Which statement is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in
treating unipolar depression?
A) It is less effective than placebo treatments.
B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue.
C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions.
D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

146. "I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not lost a patient
during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record." Which
orientation is MOST likely to describe the therapist who made this statement?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) interpersonal

147. A person experiencing unipolar depression writes in an activity schedule, "Go to store;
doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." What treatment approach
is this person MOST likely receiving?
A) psychodynamic therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) adjunctive therapy

148. The "increasing activities and elevating mood" phase of Beck's treatment for depression:
A) requires the use of antidepressant medication to be effective.
B) is the phase most related to cognitions.
C) makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive.
D) deals with the problem of dichotomous thinking.

149. An individual with depression who is receiving therapy is told that many, even most of
the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records have no basis in fact.
MOST likely, the therapist is:
A) changing primary attitudes.
B) challenging automatic thoughts.
C) training the individual in dichotomous thinking.
D) negatively reinforcing verbal avoidance responses.

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150. Which is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression?
A) encouraging people to become more active and confident
B) education about what automatic thoughts are
C) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts
D) prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts

151. Which would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you?

A) Please prepare a detailed schedule of your activities for the week.
B) Write down your automatic thoughts as they occur to you.
C) Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white" terms.
D) Let's do a little experiment to test that attitude.

152. Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with
nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?
A) increasing activities and elevating mood
B) challenging automatic thoughts
C) identifying negative thinking and biases
D) changing primary attitudes

153. Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in
which phase of Beck's treatment program?
A) changing primary attitudes
B) challenging automatic thoughts
C) identifying negative thinking and biases
D) increasing activities and elevating mood

154. Which statement is true about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for
treating unipolar depression?
A) Research studies show its effectiveness.
B) It is no more effective than placebo therapy.
C) A majority of those who undergo this treatment—80 to 90 percent—show almost
total elimination of symptoms.
D) Although people become less depressed, their thought patterns don't change.

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155. Which statement is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment
therapy (ACT) for depression?
A) Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them
entirely.
B) One must completely eliminate negative thoughts to recover from depression.
C) Negative thoughts are valuable guides for behavior.
D) The behavioral approach alone is preferable to cognitive interventions.

156. Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that:

A) Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without modification.
B) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated.
C) acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer useful.
D) therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting.

157. Which is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition?

A) taking an important exam
B) going away to college for the first time
C) exploring the spiritual dimensions of one's life
D) planting a garden

158. Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach?

A) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role
expectations.
B) Depression is thought to result from individual pathology.
C) Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the real world
rather than in therapy.
D) Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a multidisciplinary treatment
team.

159. If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be
changing or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your
therapist would be using:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

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160. A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or
stay at home full time to care for their children is experiencing interpersonal:
A) loss dispute.
B) role dispute.
C) role transition.
D) loss deficits.

161. A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of
interpersonal:
A) loss.
B) role dispute.
C) role transition.
D) deficits.

162. Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST

like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?
A) interpersonal loss
B) interpersonal deficits
C) interpersonal role dispute
D) interpersonal role transition

163. Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:

A) maladaptive attitudes.
B) ego-superego conflicts.
C) role transitions in relationships.
D) developing social skills to elicit reinforcement from others.

164. Terri has withdrawn from most social contacts because she never seems to be able to
say the right thing. She just doesn't seem to fit in. Her comments are always
misinterpreted. She feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what
interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:
A) interpersonal loss.
B) interpersonal role transition.
C) interpersonal deficit.
D) interpersonal role dispute.

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165. Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to
know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get
beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what
interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:
A) interpersonal role transition.
B) interpersonal loss.
C) interpersonal deficit.
D) interpersonal role dispute.

166. Which statement is true about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal
psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?
A) It is less effective than placebo treatments.
B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue.
C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions.
D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.

167. According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the
same as that for:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) placebo therapy.
D) no therapy.

168. About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional
relationships?
A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

169. If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving
difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:
A) cognitive therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) couple therapy.

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170. If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific
communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing:
A) post-marital instructional therapy.
B) psychosocial therapy.
C) social role transition therapy.
D) integrative behavioral couples therapy.

171. If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n):
A) reuptake of serotonin.
B) insulin-induced coma.
C) increase in energy and creativity.
D) brain seizure.

172. With ECT, the electrical current passes through:

A) both sides of the brain.
B) only the left side of the brain.
C) only the right side of the brain.
D) the brain and the spinal cord.

173. Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?
A) manic patients
B) phobic patients
C) psychotic patients
D) hysterical patients

174. One of the side effects of ECT is:

A) mania.
B) psychosis.
C) memory loss.
D) intensification of the depression.

175. ECT has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive:
A) higher levels of current.
B) muscle relaxants.
C) oxygen to prevent memory loss.
D) insulin.

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176. Today, electroconvulsive therapy:
A) is more likely to involve the use of insulin than shock.
B) also involves the use of muscle relaxants.
C) is given without anesthetic to reduce memory loss.
D) is more likely to involve bilateral shock.

177. An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of
norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely
receiving?
A) an MAO inhibitor
B) ECT
C) an SSRI
D) a tricyclic

178. If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:
A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
B) tricyclics.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) second-generation antidepressants.

179. MAO inhibitors work by:

A) blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine.
B) raising the level of MAO.
C) lowering the level of tyramine, found in cheese and wine.
D) interacting with the production of amphetamines.

180. MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in
approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the
mechanism of action of these drugs?
A) They stimulate serotonin production.
B) They block synapses that release norepinephrine.
C) They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.
D) They raise the levels of monoamine oxidase in the brain.

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181. What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in
common?
A) They are used primarily to treat those with mild forms of depression.
B) Despite early promise, they have proven not to be effective treatments for
depression.
C) They are usually tried before medications to prevent medication-induced side
effects.
D) They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of
depression.

182. Which is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a person with depression?
A) inhibition of serotonin synthesis
B) a decrease in the levels of serotonin
C) an increase in the levels of norepinephrine
D) blocking synaptic transmission at norepinephrine synapses

183. How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

A) They increase the levels of reserpine in the blood.
B) They decrease supplies of serotonin in neurons.
C) They decrease supplies of dopamine in neurons.
D) They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

184. People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects
would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life?
A) what they eat
B) the type and amount of exercise they get
C) their sex lives
D) the amount of time they spend in the sun

185. Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure
skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which statement is MOST likely to be true?
A) She took an overdose.
B) She took a tricyclic antidepressant.
C) She did not need the antidepressant.
D) She ate something containing tyramine.

Page 37
186. Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across
imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective
against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar
molecular structure, called:
A) tyramine.
B) tricyclics.
C) neuroleptics.
D) MAO inhibitors.

187. The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:

A) destroy monoamine oxidase.
B) mimic the action of norepinephrine and serotonin.
C) block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
D) block the receptor sites for norepinephrine and serotonin on the postsynaptic
neuron.

188. To effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should:
A) take a larger dose of tricyclics than necessary for relief of symptoms.
B) continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free.
C) gradually taper off the dose of tricyclics once they are symptom-free.
D) take MAO inhibitors along with tricyclics.

189. Apparently tricyclics work by:

A) blocking the production of norepinephrine and serotonin.
B) blocking the reuptake of the tricyclic by the neurotransmitter.
C) blocking the ingestion of the tricyclic.
D) blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

190. "Second-generation" antidepressant medications include:

A) Selegiline and Nardil.
B) Imipramine and Elavil.
C) Anafranil and Eldepryl.
D) Cymbalta and Prozac.

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191. A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for
several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called:
A) maintenance therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend
not to reappear.
B) maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.
C) placebo therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend not to
reappear.
D) placebo therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.

192. Which best represents how tricyclics work?

A) tricyclic ingested, reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, larger
amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, less neuronal firing
B) tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released,
normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more
neuronal firing
C) tricyclic ingested, less neuronal firing, more norepinephrine and serotonin released,
reuptake slows release of norepinephrine and serotonin
D) tricyclic ingested, norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, neurons cease firing
briefly, neurons begin firing without norepinephrine and serotonin

193. Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:

A) destroying MAO.
B) facilitating the reuptake process.
C) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.
D) blocking the reuptake processes of all neurotransmitters more completely.

194. Second-generation antidepressants:

A) mimic MAO inhibitors and tricyclics.
B) target specific neurotransmission reuptake.
C) increase the sex drive of depressed people.
D) are yet to be widely prescribed.

195. Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs:

A) work faster and more effectively.
B) work faster, but not more effectively.
C) do not work faster, but do work more effectively.
D) do not work either faster or more effectively.

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196. A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant
medications, because they're harder to overdose on and they don't require dietary
restrictions." This statement is:
A) accurate.
B) partially accurate; they are harder to overdose on but do require dietary restrictions.
C) partially accurate; they are easier to overdose on but do not require dietary
restrictions.
D) inaccurate.

197. A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight, and reports
decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people
taking what kind of antidepressant medication?
A) MAO inhibitors
B) tricyclics
C) second-generation antidepressants
D) vagus nerve stimulators

198. Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their
clients are:
A) less likely to benefit from proper antidepressant medication.
B) less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs.
C) more likely to receive the newer, not well-tested drugs.
D) more likely than European Americans to receive drug prescriptions on their first
therapy.

199. Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse
generator is:
A) ECT.
B) deep brain stimulation.
C) vagus nerve stimulation.
D) TMS.

200. Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to:

A) ECT.
B) taking an SSRI.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) tricyclics.

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201. In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's
prefrontal cortex?
A) TMS
B) DBS
C) both TMS and DBS
D) neither TMS nor DBS

202. _____ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which
electrodes are implanted into the brain.
A) Vagus nerve stimulation
B) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) Deep brain stimulation
D) ECT

203. Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm.
She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:
A) ECT.
B) lithium.
C) imipramine.
D) tranquilizers.

204. At least _____ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 75 percent

205. Lithium has been found to:

A) be useful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) reduce the number of manic episodes in those with bipolar disorder.
C) increase the effectiveness of drugs used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) be more effective in treating bipolar disorder when used in conjunction with ECT
than when used alone.

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206. A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the
manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug?
A) Nothing much—the drug works specifically on manic episodes.
B) The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes.
C) The person might experience an initial intensification of depressive episodes,
followed by a return to the usual intensity.
D) The person probably would develop unipolar depression.

207. Which statement about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder is NOT true?
A) It is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms.
B) It alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree.
C) It appears to help prevent relapse.
D) It interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

208. Lithium appears to affect:

A) neurons' second messengers.
B) absorption of salt.
C) brain seizure activity.
D) reuptake of serotonin.

209. Second messengers are:

A) active inside the neuron.
B) the same as neurotransmitters.
C) important in increasing the effectiveness of tricyclics.
D) hormones travelling in the bloodstream.

210. You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?
A) the gap between neurons
B) the firing of the sending neuron
C) the firing of the receiving neuron
D) the reception of the neurotransmitter by the receiving neuron

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Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. D
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. A
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. C
21. B
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. B
26. C
27. C
28. D
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. D
33. B
34. D
35. B
36. B
37. C
38. B
39. A
40. A
41. B
42. B
43. A
44. B

Page 43
45. C
46. B
47. D
48. C
49. A
50. A
51. D
52. C
53. A
54. D
55. A
56. C
57. A
58. B
59. C
60. C
61. A
62. A
63. A
64. A
65. B
66. A
67. A
68. C
69. C
70. D
71. C
72. B
73. C
74. D
75. B
76. C
77. B
78. A
79. D
80. C
81. C
82. D
83. C
84. D
85. A
86. C
87. D
88. B
89. C
90. D

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 91. A
92. A
93. C
94. C
95. D
96. D
97. D
98. C
99. B
100. A
101. C
102. D
103. A
104. B
105. B
106. B
107. A
108. D
109. D
110. B
111. C
112. C
113. D
114. C
115. B
116. A
117. C
118. B
119. C
120. D
121. B
122. C
123. B
124. A
125. C
126. A
127. C
128. B
129. D
130. B
131. B
132. B
133. D
134. B
135. C
136. D

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137. B
138. B
139. C
140. C
141. A
142. A
143. B
144. C
145. D
146. A
147. B
148. C
149. B
150. C
151. C
152. C
153. A
154. A
155. A
156. B
157. B
158. A
159. C
160. B
161. D
162. A
163. C
164. C
165. C
166. D
167. A
168. B
169. D
170. D
171. D
172. A
173. C
174. C
175. B
176. B
177. A
178. C
179. A
180. C
181. D
182. C

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Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition Comer Test Bank

183. D
184. A
185. D
186. B
187. C
188. B
189. D
190. D
191. B
192. B
193. C
194. B
195. D
196. A
197. C
198. B
199. C
200. A
201. A
202. C
203. B
204. C
205. B
206. B
207. D
208. A
209. A
210. C

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